Business intelligence –järjestelmä integraation tukena kansainvälisessä yrityksessä

Business intelligencellä tarkoitetaan liiketoimintatiedon hallintaan liittyviä prosesseja ja tekniikoita. Se pitää sisällään tiedon keräämiseen, tallentamiseen, analysointiin ja jakamiseen käytettyt tuotteet, tekniikat ja prosessit, joiden tavoitteena on auttaa yrityksen työntekijöitä liiketoimintaan liittyvässä päätöksenteossa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tutkia uuden yritysryhmän laajuisen BI-tietojärjestelmän suunnitteluun ja käyttöönotoon liittyviä seikkoja ja luoda valmiudet BI-tietojärjestelmän kehitys- ja käyttöönottoprojektin kohdeyrityksessä, jonka toimiala on kansainvälinen terveydenhoitoalan tukkuliiketoiminta. Uuden BI-järjestelmän halutaan tukeva yritysryhmän yritysten välistä integraatiota ja tehostavan tiedonhakuun ja analysointiin liittyviä prosesseja. Tutkimus toteutettiin konstruktiivisena tutkimuksena, joka kattaa kohdeyrityksen IT-arkkitehtuurin, tietosisällön, prosessit ja organisaation raportoinnin kannalta. Lisäksi työssä suoritettiin ohjelmistovertailu kahden markkinoilla toimivan merkittävän ohjelmistotalon BI-tuotteiden välillä. Työssä havaittiin, että BI-projekti on laaja-alainen ja suuri hanke, joka ulottuu läpi koko organisaation. BI-ohjelmiston tehokas hyödyntäminen asettaa vaatimuksia erityisesti taustajärjestelmien tiedon huolelliseen mallintamiseen liittyen. Työssä saatiin pilotoinnin kautta käytännön kokemuksia uudesta järjestelmästä ja sen tarjoamista mahdollisuuksista kohdeyrityksessä.

Kunnossapitomittariston määrittäminen ja kunnossapidon kehittäminen

Diplomityössä pyritään määrittämään Kaukaan sahan kunnossapidon vallitsevaan tilanteeseen sopiva mittaristo. Tavoitteena on kunnossapitoprosessien tehostaminen sekä sahan kokonaistehokkuuden nostaminen. Diplomityön kirjallisessa osassa tutkimusongelmaa käsitellään kunnossapidon sekä mittaristojen ja tunnuslukujen näkökulmasta. Teoriaosa on rakennettu tukemaan työn tutkimusosaa. Tutkimuksen empiirisessä osassa tehdään nykytila-analyysi Kaukaan sahan kunnossapidosta. Nykytila-analyysi koostuu kyselytutkimuksesta, mitattavista tunnusluvuista sekä top-analyysista. Kyselytutkimus tehtiin lisäksi kaikilla UPM-Kymmene Oyj:n sahoilla. Kyselytutkimuksen pohjalta tehdään benchmarking-analyysia Kaukaan sahan ja suomen teollisuuden sekä UPM:n sahojen välillä. Lopuksi eroanalyysilla analysoidaan kyselytutkimuksessa syntynyttä eroa Kaukaan sahan ja UPM:n sahateollisuuden parhaan kunnossapidon välillä. Tutkimustulokset paljastivat useita kehityskohteita. Työssä annetaan suositus kyseisten kehityskohteiden mittaamisesta. Mittareiden ohella annetaan suosituksia uusista toimintamalleista.

How (not) to interview children : interviews with young children in sexual abuse investigations in Finland

The present thesis had two main objectives: The first was to assess how child sexual abuse (CSA) interviews in Finland are conducted through analysing the interviewing techniques applied and the language used by the interviewers, as well as to suggest ways to improve interviews if they were found to have deficiencies. The second main aim was to contribute to the growing research corpus concerning CSA interviews, in particular, by addressing how interviewers follow up information provided by the child, by analysing whether child health care professionals would use childadapted language, and by studying the kind of modifications in the verbal behaviour of interviewers and children that were associated with a) repeated interviews, b) a support person’s presence at the interview, and c) the use of anatomically detailed dolls. Two complementary samples of CSA interviews were analysed. The first one was composed of child interviews with 3-12-year-old children (N = 27) that had been considered problematic by lawyers or other involved professionals (Studies I and IV). The second sample consisted of unselected interviews (N = 43) with children aged 3 to 8 years conducted in a number of hospitals in different parts of the country (Studies II and III). Study I: The verbal interaction between interviewer and child was analysed in a sample of interviews that had been considered to be problematic by involved professionals. Results showed that interviewers used inappropriate questioning techniques, relying on option-posing, specific suggestive and unspecific suggestive questions to a significant extent, these comprising around 50% of all interviewer utterances. The proportion of invitations, which the research community recommends interviewers to rely on, was strikingly low. Invitations and directive utterances were associated with an increase in informative responses by the child in terms of response type, number of new details reported, as well as length of response. The opposite was true for option-posing and suggestive utterances. Longer questions by the interviewer (in number of words) often rendered no reply from the child, whereas shorter questions were followed by descriptive answers. Even after the child had provided an informative answer, interviewers failed to follow up the information in an adequate way and instead continued to rely on focused and leading questions. Study II: Due to the possible bias of the sample analysed in Study I, the most important analyses were rerun with the unselected sample and reported separately. Results were quite similar between the two studies, indicating that the problems observed in Study I, with interviewers relying on option-posing and suggestive questions to a significant extent, are likely to be general and not specific for those interviews. Even if suggestive questions were slightly less and invitations slightly more common in this sample than in the previous study, almost half of the interviewer questions were still optionposing or suggestive, and also in this sample, interviewers failed to follow up information by the child in a facilitating manner. Differentiating between judicial and contextual details showed that while facilitators, invitations, and directive utterances elicited more contextual than judicial details, the opposite was true for specific suggestive utterances. These results might be explained by the reluctance of children to describe sexual details related to the abuse events. Alternatively, they may also be due to children describing incorrect sexual details as a result of suggestive interviewing techniques. Study III: This study examined features of the language used by the interviewers. Interviewer utterances included multiple questions, long statements, complicated grammar and concepts, as well as unclear references to persons and situations. More than a fifth of the interviewer utterances were coded as belonging to at least one of these categories. The results suggest that even professionals who are experienced in interacting with children may have difficulties in using a child-sensitive language, adding to the pool of studies showing similar problems to occur in legal hearings with children conducted by lawyers. As children rarely comment on, or even recognise, their lack of comprehension, the use of a language that is too complex can have detrimental consequences for the outcomes of investigative interviews. Interviewers used different approaches to introduce the topic of abuse. While 15% of the children spontaneously addressed the topic of abuse, probably indicating that they felt confident with the interviewer and the situation, in almost 50% of the cases, the interviewer introduced the topic of abuse in a way that can be considered leading. Interviews were characterised by a lack of structure, apparent in frequent rapid switches of topic by the interviewer. This manner was associated with a decrease in the number of new details provided by the children. Study IV: This study analysed possible changes in the interview dynamics associated with repeated interviewing, the presence of a support person (related to the child), and the use of anatomically detailed (AD) dolls. Repeated interviewing, in combination with suggestive questions, has previously been found to seriously contaminate children’s accounts. In the present material, interviewers used significantly more suggestive utterances in the repeated condition, thus endangering the reliability of the children’s reports. Few studies have investigated the effects of a support person’s presence at the interview. The results of the present study showed that interviewers talked more and children provided less information when a support person was present. Supporting some earlier findings regarding the use of AD dolls, the present results showed that using AD dolls was associated with longer interviewer utterances and shorter, less responsive, and less detailed child responses. Interviewers used up to five times more unspecific suggestive utterances when dolls were used, for instance through repeatedly asking the child to show “what really happened” with the dolls. Conclusion: The results indicate that CSA interviews in Finland are not conducted in a manner that follows best practice as defined by the research community and as stated in a number of guidelines. When comparing these questioning strategies with the recommendations, which have been predominant in the field for more than ten years now, it can be concluded that the interviews analysed were conducted in a manner that undermines the possibility to elicit an uncontaminated and accurate narrative from the children. A particularly worrying finding was the fact that interviewers did not follow up relevant information by the children in an adequate way. A number of clinical implications can be drawn from the results, particularly concerning the need for improvement in the quality of CSA interviews. There is convincing research regarding how to improve CSA interviews, notably through training forensic child interviewers to use a structured interviewing protocol, and providing them with continuous supervision and feedback. Allocating appropriate resources to improve the quality of forensic child interviews is a matter of protecting the rights of all persons involved in CSA investigations, in particular those of the children.

Koulutusopas autismin kirjon lapsille

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

A Framework for IT Service Management Integration

The objective of this Master’s Thesis is to find out best practices for IT service management integration. Integration in this context means process integration between an IT organization and an integration partner. For observing the objective, two different perspectives are assigned: process and technology. The thesis consists of theory, framework, implementation, and analysis parts. The first part introduces common methodology of IT service management and enterprise integration. The second part presents an integration framework for ITSM integration. The third part illustrates how the framework is used and the last part analyses the framework. The major results of this thesis were the framework architecture, the framework tools, the implementation model, the testing model, and the deployment model for ITSM integration. As a fundamental best practice, the framework contained a four-division structure between architecture, process, data, and technology. This architecture provides a baseline for ITSM integration design, implementation and testing.

Customer value assessment in business markets

Understanding how firms create, communicate, and deliver value to customers is a key factor when firms seek to differentiate in increasingly competitive and commoditized business markets. As product and price have become less important differentiators in many industries, suppliers are increasingly seeking ways to differentiate themselves based on delivered customer value. Therefore, to gain a holistic understanding on what their offerings are worth to the customer, suppliers need to conduct customer value assessment, which quantifies the impact of a supplier´s offering to customers’ costs and returns. However, from a managerial perspective, customer value assessment is the single most critical challenge for firms in business markets. Consequently, developing holistic frameworks for customer value assessment is seen as one of the most important research priorities for marketing research. The purpose of this study is to explore the process of customer value assessment in business markets. Business markets represent a context where an increasing number of industrial firms are transitioning from basic product offerings towards service-based and solution-oriented hybrid offerings, which emphasize value co-creation and realization in the long term, thus making it difficult to quantify their monetary value. This study employs exploratory and qualitative research design by applying inductive and discovery-oriented grounded theory and multiple case research methods. The empirical data comprise interviews with 61 managers from 12 industrial firms, including seven best practice firms in customer value assessment. The findings of this study show that customer value assessment is essentially a crossfunctional process, which involves several organizational functions. The process begins well before and continues long after the actual delivery, often until the end of a supplier´s offering’s life-cycle. Furthermore, the findings shed light on alternative strategies that firms in business markets can adopt to implement the customer value assessment process. Overall, the findings contribute to customer value research, the sales and organizational management literature, the service marketing and solutions business literature, and suggest several managerial implications on how firms in business markets can adopt a holistic approach to assess value created for customers.

Tapahtumamarkkinointi osana yrityksen markkinointiviestintää

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli laadullisia tutkimusmenetelmiä yhdistelemällä ja relevanttia tieteellistä kirjallisuutta hyödyntämällä selvittää, miten tutkimuksen kohdeyrityksen toteuttamaa tapahtumamarkkinointia voitaisiin kehittää vastaamaan paremmin yrityksen muuttuvia tarpeita. Tähän liittyen tutkittiin kohdeyrityksen näkökulmasta, miten tapahtumamarkkinointi nähdään, ja miten sitä hyödynnetään tällä hetkellä osana yrityksen markkinointiviestintää. Kuluttajan näkökulmaa hyödyntäen pyrittiin selvittämään, mitä vaikutuksia toteutetulla tapahtumamarkkinoinnilla on tapahtumiin osallistuvien yksilöiden kuluttajakäyttäytymiseen ja heidän kokemaansa brändiin. Lopuksi tutkittiin, missä rooleissa tapahtumiin osallistuvat yksilöt ovat kohdeyrityksen tuotteiden kuluttamiseen liittyvässä päätöksentekoprosessissa, ja mitä muita vaikuttajia prosessiin sisältyy. Empiirisiä tutkimustuloksia ja tieteellisessä kirjallisuudessa määriteltyjä parhaita toimintatapoja vertailemalla pyrittiin tunnistamaan eroavaisuuksia ja mahdollisia kehityskohteita. Työ toteutettiin tapaustutkimuksena, jossa tutkittavaa ilmiötä lähestyttiin sekä yrityksen että kuluttajan näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksen laadullinen aineisto kerättiin puolistrukturoitujen haastattelujen avulla, jonka lisäksi tukevana menetelmänä hyödynnettiin havainnointia. Haastattelujen kohteena oli kohdeyrityksen markkinointivastaavan lisäksi 19 järjestettyyn case-tapahtumaan osallistunutta yksilöä. Tulokset paljastivat tiettyjä eroavaisuuksia kohdeyrityksen toteuttaman tapahtumamarkkinoinnin ja alan tieteellisessä kirjallisuudessa määriteltyjen parhaiden toimintatapojen välillä. Tutkimustulokset kohdistivat huomiota myös tapahtumamarkkinoilla saavutettaviin hyötyihin lyhyellä ja pitkällä aikavälillä. Lisäksi tuloksiin perustuen muodostettiin uutta tietoa toiminnan kohteena olevien yksilöiden ku-luttamiseen liittyvästä päätöksentekoprosessista ja siihen sisältyvistä rooleista.

Green supplier selection via Multiple Criteria Data Envelopment Analysis

An appropriate supplier selection and its profound effects on increasing the competitive advantage of companies has been widely discussed in supply chain management (SCM) literature. By raising environmental awareness among companies and industries they attach more importance to sustainable and green activities in selection procedures of raw material providers. The current thesis benefits from data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique to evaluate the relative efficiency of suppliers in the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission for green supplier selection. We incorporate the pollution of suppliers as an undesirable output into DEA. However, to do so, two conventional DEA model problems arise: the lack of the discrimination power among decision making units (DMUs) and flexibility of the inputs and outputs weights. To overcome these limitations, we use multiple criteria DEA (MCDEA) as one alternative. By applying MCDEA the number of suppliers which are identified as efficient will be decreased and will lead to a better ranking and selection of the suppliers. Besides, in order to compare the performance of the suppliers with an ideal supplier, a “virtual” best practice supplier is introduced. The presence of the ideal virtual supplier will also increase the discrimination power of the model for a better ranking of the suppliers. Therefore, a new MCDEA model is proposed to simultaneously handle undesirable outputs and virtual DMU. The developed model is applied for green supplier selection problem. A numerical example illustrates the applicability of the proposed model.

Suomenkielisen oppimateriaalin koostaminen ohjelmistotestauksen perusteita käsittelevälle kurssille

Ohjelmistotestauksen merkitys ja testausosaamisen tarve ovat lisääntyneet sen myötä, kun ohjelmistojen koko on kasvanut ja toteutus monimutkaistunut. Testaustaidot kehittyvät parhaiten käytännön kokemuksen kautta mutta testausosaamisen perusta ja edellytykset käytännön taitojen kehittymiselle rakentuvat testauksen keskeisten avainasioiden, näkökulmien ja käytäntöjen teoreettiseen tuntemukseen ja ammattisanaston hyvään hallintaan. Tässä raportissa kuvataan Lappeenrannan teknilliselle yliopistolle tehty työ, jonka tuloksena koostettiin suomenkielinen oppimateriaali uudelle, keväällä 2015 kurssitarjontaan lisätylle opintojaksolle Ohjelmistotestauksen perusteet.

Perceived effectiveness of alternative programming : a case study /

The topic of this research was alternative programming in secondary public education. The purpose of this research was to explore the perceived effectiveness of two public secondary programs that are aJternative to mainstream or "regular" education. Two case study sites were used to research diverse ends of the aJtemative programming continuum. The first case study demonstrated a gifted program and the second demonstrated a behavioral program. Student needs were examined in terms of academic needs, emotional needs, career needs, and social needs. Research conducted in these sites examined how the students, teachers, onsite staff, and program administrators perceived that individual needs were met and unmet in these two programs. The study was qualitative and exploratory, using deductive and inductive research techniques. Similar themes of best practice that were identified in the case study sites aided in the development of a teaching and learning model. Four themes were identified as important within the case study sites. These themes included the commitment and motivation of teachers and the support of administration in the gifted program, and the importance of location and the flow of information and communication in the behavior program. Six themes emerged that were similar across the case study sites. These themes included the individual nature of programming, recognition of student achievement, the alternative program as a place of safety and community, importance of interpersonal capacity, priority of basic needs, and, finally, matching student capacity with program expectations. The model incorporates these themes and is designed as a resource for teachers, program administrators, parents, and policy makers of alternative educational programs.

Introducing e-learning in a large multisite academic health sciences centre: a case study of e-curriculum planning and educator support /

This qualitative study investigated how a team of 7 hospital educators collaborated to develop e-curriculum units to pilot for a newly acquired learning -r management system at a large, multisite academic health sciences centre. A case study approach was used to examine how the e-Curriculum Team was structured, how the educators worked together to develop strategies to better utilize e-leaming in their ovwi practice, what e-curriculum they chose to develop, and how they determined their priorities for e-curriculum development. It also inquired into how they planned to involve other educators in using e-leaming. One set of semistructured interviews with the 6 hospital educators involved in the project, as well as minutes of team meetings and the researcher's journal, were analyzed (the researcher was also a hospital educator on the team). Project management structure, educator support, and organizational pressures on the implementation project feature prominently in the case study. This study suggests that implementation of e-leaming will be more successful if (a) educators involved in the development of e-leaming curriculum are supported in their role as change agents, (b) the pain of vmleaming current educational practice is considered, (c) the limitations of the software being implemented are recognized, (d) time is spent leaming about best practice, and (e) the project is protected as much as possible from organizational pressures and distractions.

Anachronistic Me: An Autoethnographic Account of Recovery through Volunteerism

The purpose of this autoethnography was to reflect upon the ways in which my recovery was aided by the personal connections made while volunteering in a homeless shelter. Congruent with autoethnographic best practice, data were collected through a variety of means, including: journaling, field notes, participant observation, and collection of artifacts. An autoethnographic narrative emerged out of the analysis of data detailing my recuperative journey. Results indicated that my time spent volunteering at the shelter: (a) fostered a sense of Community, (b) made me aware of Realizations that broadened my perspective, and (c) aided in motivating me to be Intentional about Improving my Life. These three themes proved to be important factors in my recovery process. This thesis will inform social science researchers and health advocates by making a contribution to the growing body of literature regarding recovery.

The ethical dilemma of lifestyle change: designing for sustainable schools and sustainable citizenship

his paper explores how participation and sustainability are being addressed by architects within the Building Schools for the Future (BSF) programme in the UK. The intentions promoted by the programme are certainly ambitious, but the ways to fulfil these aims are ill-explored. Simply focusing on providing innovative learning technologies, or indeed teaching young people about physical sustainability features in buildings, will not necessarily teach them the skills they will need to respond to the environmental and social challenges of a rapidly changing world. However, anticipating those skills is one of the most problematic issues of the programme. The involvement of young people in the design of schools is used to suggest empowerment, place-making and to promote social cohesion but this is set against government design literature which advocates for exemplars, standard layouts and best practice, all leading to forms of standardisation. The potentials for tokenistic student involvement and conflict with policy aims are evident. This paper explores two issues: how to foster in young people an ethic towards future generations, and the role of co-design practices in this process. Michael Oakeshott calls teaching the conversation of mankind. In this paper, I look at the philosophy of Hannah Arendt, Emmanuel Levinas, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Luce Irigaray to argue that investigating the ethical dilemmas of the programme through critical dialogue with students offers an approach to meeting government objectives, building sustainable schools, and fostering sustainable citizenship.

Le graffiti à Montréal : pratique machiste et stratégies féminines

Le graffiti est depuis longtemps associé au vandalisme dans les métropoles où il prolifère. Il s’intègre au paysage urbain à un point tel que, même s’il procède d’une logique de visibilité et de promotion, nous parvenons à ne plus le remarquer. Pourtant, sa présence suscite toujours la colère des citoyens propriétaires de murs vandalisés et des autorités municipales qui, chaque année, dépensent de grosses sommes d’argent pour l’effacer. Malgré les restrictions et les amendes, le graffiti est néanmoins devenu un véritable phénomène d’art urbain : des artistes graffiteurs ont atteint la notoriété en dehors de leur sous-culture et ont pu exposer légalement leur travail, du fait d’un intérêt croissant du milieu officiel de l’art. Celui-ci contribue à faire grandir l’engouement et l’enthousiasme pour une pratique d’art urbaine. Le graffiti illustre l’expression d’une identité qui s’approprie et subvertit les surfaces urbaines de la ville, au moyen d’un nom propre fictif qui n’a aucune légitimation juridique et légale. De plus, l’application et la diffusion de la signature graffitique communiquent des valeurs qui guident et définissent toute la sous-culture du graffiti. Ces valeurs sont culturellement considérées comme masculines : le risque, le défi et la dissidence. La figure de l’artiste graffiteur apparaît ainsi comme une figure marginale et rebelle. Un tel portrait laisse alors entrevoir une culture fortement machiste, d’autant plus que les garçons qui exercent le graffiti sont beaucoup plus nombreux. Or, si les femmes artistes de la communauté graffitique représentent une minorité, c’est notamment parce que leur attrait pour une pratique illicite, nocturne et dangereuse est moindre. À partir d’une approche qui touche aux gender studies et à certains concepts traditionnels de l’histoire de l’art, nous cherchons à expliquer l’intérêt généralement plus faible des femmes pour le graffiti. Nous désirons également démontrer comment l’exercice des artistes féminines du graffiti se distingue de celui de leurs homologues masculins. De quelle manière se détermine leur expérience? Leur iconographie sert-elle à les définir? Quelles sont leurs opinions et leurs perceptions sur leur propre culture? Finalement, comment caractérisent-elles leur statut de femme artiste au sein d’une communauté "machiste"?

Perceptions d’infirmières et infirmiers diplômés à l’étranger et de préceptrices sur les stratégies facilitant la transition professionnelle en période de préceptorat

Le nombre d’infirmières et infirmiers diplômés à l’étranger (IIDÉ) est en constante progression au Canada. Le préceptorat est qualifié d’approche exemplaire pour faciliter la transition professionnelle d’IIDÉ dans le nouvel environnement (Sherman & Eggenberger, 2008). Au cours de cette période, les défis pour l’IIDÉ sont importants en raison des différences culturelles et de pratique entre les pays d’origine et d’accueil (Johnston & Mohide, 2008). Une transition réussie est nécessaire pour le bien-être des IIDÉ et leur rétention dans le milieu de travail, mais aussi pour l’impact possible sur la sécurité des patients et la qualité des soins (Kawi & Xu, 2009). Inspirée de la théorie intermédiaire de la transition (Meleis, Sawyer, Im, Messias, & Schumacher, 2000), cette recherche avait pour but de décrire les perceptions d’IIDÉ et de préceptrices, en regard des stratégies utilisées en période de préceptorat, pour contrer les barrières et faciliter la transition professionnelle d’IIDÉ, en milieu de santé québécois. Les résultats de cette recherche descriptive qualitative proviennent de l’analyse d’entrevues semi-dirigées avec six IIDÉ d’origine française et deux préceptrices. Plusieurs stratégies s’adressant à l’IIDÉ, la préceptrice, l’équipe de travail et l’organisation du centre hospitalier ont été identifiées. Celles pour l’IIDÉ servent à échanger et s’intégrer, accepter et optimiser, comprendre et apprendre ainsi que comparer et sélectionner; celles pour la communauté professionnelle se résument à soutenir, encadrer, personnaliser, expliquer et justifier. Les perceptions d’IIDÉ et de préceptrices varient sur plusieurs des stratégies. Des recommandations pour la formation, la pratique et la recherche en sciences infirmières ont été formulées.