Studies and appreciations,

Afterthoughts.--In praise of praise.--J.M. Synge.--The art of J.M. Synge.--Robert Browning's vision.--Fallstaff's nose.--The problem of Mr. William Watson.--Mr. W.B. Yeat's poetry.--Mr. William H. Davies.--Mr. Herbert Trench.--Mr. Robert Bridges.--George Meredith: the philosopher in the artist.--Charles Dickens and the novel.--The failure of Thackeray.--An aspect of Samuel Butler.--The vitality of drama.

Donatello,

"First published 1900 ... cheaper reissue 1907."

Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller,

Reproductions of the artist's paintings, 130 p. following text.

Memorie della vita e delle opere di Francesco Rosaspina, incisor bolognese /

Illustration: frontispiece portrait of the artist, engraved by Gaetano Guadagnini after F. Spagnoli, printed by Uberto Tosi.

Peterson magazine.

Mode of access: Internet.

Disegni del Mantegna.

An additional plate is a photograph from a plate in the British Museum copy.

Tell it in Gath,

The tradition of New England ascendency.--The enigma of Puritanism.--Puritan culture.--Southern character and tradition.--The South and the civil war.--Poe, the artist.--Art and the nineteenth-century bourgeois.

Rembrandt van Ryn,

"Where the artist's chief works are to be found": p. 54-57.

Selected stories;

v. 1. Ball-of-Suet ; A family affair ; The artist's model ; The letters ; Cemetery sirens ; The dying peasant ; A madman's journal ; Checkmate! ; The shepherd's leap ; A husband's confession ; Madame Parisse ; The wedding night ; Father and son ; The false jewels ; The umbrella! ; The clock ; The dowry ; The lancer's wife ; Prisoners of war ; Woman's love ; The devil's visit ; Was it a dream? ; Simon's papa ; The diamond necklace ; Duchoux ; Timbuctoo ; Denis -- v. 2. The horla ; Monsieur Parent ; Miss Harriet ; Mad! ; Mademoiselle Pearl ; The farmer's wife ; A coward ; Mount Olivet ; The flight of years ; The old maid ; The Tellier house ; The parricide ; The fortune of war ; Humble happiness ; The mysterious groom ; The open door ; Wife and mistress ; The fathers ; The mountain inn ; Madame Husson's rosier ; An unfortunate resemblance -- v. 3. The Sunday outings of a bourgeois ; Little Louise Rocque ; A voice from the deep ; The father ; Magnetism ; The wrong house ; Moiron ; Monsieur Bombard's little game ; Madame Baptiste ; The Parisian accent ; A fashionable woman ; Mademoiselle Cocotte ; Who knows? ; Boitelle ; Uncle Jules ; The hand ; A lock of hair ; On the river ; My Uncle Sosthenes ; An artist ; Father Toine ; The viaticum ; True forgiveness ; A twelfth-night supper ; Father Matthew's saints ; A bit of string ; The minuet ; The relics ; A farm girl's story -- v. 4. The legacy ; Two little soldiers ; A state affair ; Old Amable ; Mademoiselle Fifi ; The ghost ; Useless beauty ; The fishing-hole ; The Rondoli family ; Châli ; The odalisque ; The wicked Mohammed ; Marroca ; Allouma ; A strange meeting ; Feminine wiles ; A strange night in Paris ; All over!

Velasquez,

The critical part of the matter in this volume has appeared before, in a more expensive form, under the title "The art of Velasquez".--Prefatory note.

COMUNICAÇÃO E SAÚDE MENTAL: Estudo de Caso da TV Pinel no Brasil e do Espaço de Comunicação no Hospital Psiquiátrico de Havana

O presente estudo refere-se a uma investigação analítica e descritiva sobre a TV Pinel no Brasil, um programa de televisão desenvolvido no Hospital Psiquiátrico Philippe Pinel, no Rio de Janeiro. E, como trabalho complementar, apresentamos uma análise das atividades culturais, artísticas e esportivas desenvolvidas no Hospital Psiquiátrico de Havana, em Cuba. Este estudo refere-se à busca da compreensão do espaço de comunicação das pessoas que padecem de transtornos mentais, a partir das experiências desses hospitais psiquiátricos os quais se apóiam em estratégias comunicacionais e artísticas para promover a reabilitação psicossocial. As reflexões conceituais sobre o espaço de comunicação estão centradas no conceito de espaço, a partir dos estudos do geógrafo Milton Santos. As discussões teóricas foram sustentadas na Teoria da Complexidade, com base no pensamento do teórico francês Edgar Morin. Apresentamos uma reflexão sobre o modelo de tratamento psiquiátrico a partir dos trabalhos da psiquiatra Nise da Silveira, da artista Lygia Clark, e do médico e artista Lula Wanderley. Esta investigação aborda a importância da arte e da comunicação no processo da ressocialização da pessoa enferma mental.(AU)

ARTE NA ESCOLA: A DIMENSÃO DO PROCESSO CRIATIVO NA RELAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA

O estudo realizado nesta pesquisa tem como foco aprofundar as discussões e reflexões sobre o processo criativo e sua importância na relação pedagógica a partir das práticas de professores de Artes. Quando abordamos o processo de criar do aluno e a experimentação no contexto escolar, que possibilidades, limites e obstáculos se manifestam? Trata-se de uma investigação de cunho qualitativo, realizada com base teórica em pesquisa bibliográfica, tendo como referenciais: Paulo Freire (2007) e sua discussão sobre a importância da relação-pedagógica para a construção da autonomia do aluno; Ana Mae Barbosa (2008) e seus estudos sobre a Arte-educação no Brasil e a formação do professor de Arte; os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Arte (1998) com ênfase na recomendação sobre a articulação dos três eixos metodológicos: criação/produção em Arte, fruição estética, e reflexão; Porcher (1982) e sua discussão sobre a importância da Educação Artística e Albano (1998) com o seu relato sobre a experiência vivida entre a artista Tarsila do Amaral e o seu aprendiz Tuneu. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida com a realização de entrevistas com três professoras de Arte e três alunos (um aluno de cada professora), de duas escolas estaduais da Rede Pública de Ensino de São Bernardo do Campo e uma escola estadual da Rede Pública de Ensino de Diadema. Para o tratamento dos dados coletados nas entrevistas foi utilizada a Metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Franco (2008). A análise dos dados demonstrou que o processar de ideias, a experimentação e todo o processo criativo do aluno passa quase sempre desapercebido na sua importância enquanto prática pedagógica desenvolvida no contexto escolar nas aulas de Arte. Os dados apresentados na pesquisa, quanto à formação do professor, indicam um grau elevado formativo, mas que, quando comparado à prática pedagógica, percebemos lacunas sobre a importância do papel da relação pedagógica no processo criativo do aluno. Apesar disto se apresentar como uma realidade na pesquisa, não poderíamos deixar de mencionar que, mesmo tendo uma pequena representação, observamos uma prática metodológica que cristaliza positivamente o processo criativo do aluno como forma de construção da autonomia, onde o aluno é presenteado com uma relação pedagógica que promove o experimentar, o criar e todas as formas de se expressar, de se fazer atuante, de expressar sua visão de mundo.

Une étude générique du metteur en scène au théâtre:son émergence et son rôle moderne et contemporain

The theatre director (metteur en scene in French) is a relatively new figure in theatre practice. It was not until the I820s that the term 'mise en scene' gained currency. The term 'director' was not in general use until the I880s. The emergence and the role of the director has been considered from a variety of perspectives, either through the history of theatre (Allevy, Jomaron, Sarrazac, Viala, Biet and Triau); the history of directing (Chinoy and Cole, Boll, Veinstein, Roubine); semiotic approaches to directing (Whitmore, Miller, Pavis); the semiotics of performance (De Marinis); generic approaches to the mise en scene (Thomasseau, Banu); post-dramatic approaches to theatre (Lehmann); approaches to performance process and the specifics of rehearsal methodology (Bradby and Williams, Giannachi and Luckhurst, Picon-Vallin, Styan). What the scholarly literature has not done so far is to map the parameters necessarily involved in the directing process, and to incorporate an analysis of the emergence of the theatre director during the modem period and consider its impact on contemporary performance practice. Directing relates primarily to the making of the performance guided by a director, a single figure charged with the authority to make binding artistic decisions. Each director may have her/his own personal approaches to the process of preparation prior to a show. This is exemplified, for example, by the variety of terms now used to describe the role and function of directing, from producer, to facilitator or outside eye. However, it is essential at the outset to make two observations, each of which contributes to a justification for a generic analysis (as opposed to a genetic approach). Firstly, a director does not work alone, and cooperation with others is involved at all stages of the process. Secondly, beyond individual variation, the role of the director remains twofold. The first is to guide the actors (meneur de jeu, directeur d'acteurs, coach); the second is to make a visual representation in the performance space (set designer, stage designer, costume designer, lighting designer, scenographe). The increasing place of scenography has brought contemporary theatre directors such as Wilson, Castellucci, Fabre to produce performances where the performance space becomes a semiotic dimension that displaces the primacy of the text. The play is not, therefore, the sole artistic vehicle for directing. This definition of directing obviously calls for a definition of what the making of the performance might be. The thesis defines the making of the performance as the activity of bringing a social event, by at least one performer, providing visual and/or textual meaning in a performance space. This definition enables us to evaluate four consistent parameters throughout theatre history: first, the social aspect associated to the performance event; second, the devising process which may be based on visual and/or textual elements; third, the presence of at least one performer in the show; fourth, the performance space (which is not simply related to the theatre stage). Although the thesis focuses primarily on theatre practice, such definition blurs the boundaries between theatre and other collaborative artistic disciplines (cinema, opera, music and dance). These parameters illustrate the possibility to undertake a generic analysis of directing, and resonate with the historical, political and artistic dimensions considered. Such a generic perspective on the role of the director addresses three significant questions: an historical question: how/why has the director emerged?; a sociopolitical question: how/why was the director a catalyst for the politicisation of theatre, and subsequently contributed to the rise of State-funded theatre policy?; and an artistic one: how/why the director has changed theatre practice and theory in the twentieth-century? Directing for the theatre as an artistic activity is a historically situated phenomenon. It would seem only natural from a contemporary perspective to associate the activity of directing to the function of the director. This is relativised, however, by the question of how the performance was produced before the modern period. The thesis demonstrates that the rise of the director is a progressive and historical phenomenon (Dort) rather than a mere invention (Viala, Sarrazac). A chronological analysis of the making of the performance throughout theatre history is the most useful way to open the study. In order to understand the emergence of the director, the research methodology assesses the interconnection of the four parameters above throughout four main periods of theatre history: the beginning of the Renaissance (meneur de jeu), the classical age (actor-manager and stage designer-manager), the modern period (director) and the contemporary period (director-facilitator, performer). This allows us properly to appraise the progressive emergence of the director, as well as to make an analysis of her/his modern and contemporary role. The first chapter argues that the physical separation between the performance space and its audience, which appeared in the early fifteenth-century, has been a crucial feature in the scenographic, aesthetic, political and social organisation of the performance. At the end of the Middle Ages, French farces which raised socio-political issues (see Bakhtin) made a clear division on a single outdoor stage (treteau) between the actors and the spectators, while religious plays (drame fiturgique, mystere) were mostly performed on various outdoor and opened multispaces. As long as the performance was liturgical or religious, and therefore confined within an acceptable framework, it was allowed. At the time, the French ecclesiastical and civil authorities tried, on several occasions, to prohibit staged performances. As a result, practitioners developed non-official indoor spaces, the Theatre de fa Trinite (1398) being the first French indoor theatre recognized by scholars. This self-exclusion from the open public space involved breaking the accepted rules by practitioners (e.g. Les Confreres de fa Passion), in terms of themes but also through individual input into a secular performance rather than the repetition of commonly known religious canvases. These developments heralded the authorised theatres that began to emerge from the mid-sixteenth century, which in some cases were subsidised in their construction. The construction of authorised indoor theatres associated with the development of printing led to a considerable increase in the production of dramatic texts for the stage. Profoundly affecting the reception of the dramatic text by the audience, the distance between the stage and the auditorium accompanied the changing relationship between practitioners and spectators. This distance gave rise to a major development of the role of the actor and of the stage designer. The second chapter looks at the significance of both the actor and set designer in the devising process of the performance from the sixteenth-century to the end of the nineteenth-century. The actor underwent an important shift in function in this period from the delivery of an unwritten text that is learned in the medieval oral tradition to a structured improvisation produced by the commedia dell 'arte. In this new form of theatre, a chef de troupe or an experienced actor shaped the story, but the text existed only through the improvisation of the actors. The preparation of those performances was, moreover, centred on acting technique and the individual skills of the actor. From this point, there is clear evidence that acting began to be the subject of a number of studies in the mid-sixteenth-century, and more significantly in the seventeenth-century, in Italy and France. This is revealed through the implementation of a system of notes written by the playwright to the actors (stage directions) in a range of plays (Gerard de Vivier, Comedie de la Fidelite Nuptiale, 1577). The thesis also focuses on Leoni de' Sommi (Quatro dialoghi, 1556 or 1565) who wrote about actors' techniques and introduced the meneur de jeu in Italy. The actor-manager (meneur de jeu), a professional actor, who scholars have compared to the director (see Strihan), trained the actors. Nothing, however, indicates that the actor-manager was directing the visual representation of the text in the performance space. From the end of the sixteenth-century, the dramatic text began to dominate the process of the performance and led to an expansion of acting techniques, such as the declamation. Stage designers carne from outside the theatre tradition and played a decisive role in the staging of religious celebrations (e.g. Actes des Apotres, 1536). In the sixteenth-century, both the proscenium arch and the borders, incorporated in the architecture of the new indoor theatres (theatre a l'italienne), contributed to create all kinds of illusions on the stage, principally the revival of perspective. This chapter shows ongoing audience demands for more elaborate visual effects on the stage. This led, throughout the classical age, and even more so during the eighteenth-century, to grant the stage design practitioner a major role in the making of the performance (see Ciceri). The second chapter demonstrates that the guidance of the actors and the scenographic conception, which are the artistic components of the role of the director, appear to have developed independently from one another until the nineteenth-century. The third chapter investigates the emergence of the director per se. The causes for this have been considered by a number of scholars, who have mainly identified two: the influence of Naturalism (illustrated by the Meiningen Company, Antoine, and Stanislavski) and the invention of electric lighting. The influence of the Naturalist movement on the emergence of the modem director in the late nineteenth-century is often considered as a radical factor in the history of theatre practice. Naturalism undoubtedly contributed to changes in staging, costume and lighting design, and to a more rigorous commitment to the harmonisation and visualisation of the overall production of the play. Although the art of theatre was dependent on the dramatic text, scholars (Osborne) demonstrate that the Naturalist directors did not strictly follow the playwright's indications written in the play in the late nineteenth-century. On the other hand, the main characteristic of directing in Naturalism at that time depended on a comprehensive understanding of the scenography, which had to respond to the requirements of verisimilitude. Electric lighting contributed to this by allowing for the construction of a visual narrative on stage. However, it was a master technician, rather than an emergent director, who was responsible for key operational decisions over how to use this emerging technology in venues such as the new Bayreuth theatre in 1876. Electric lighting reflects a normal technological evolution and cannot be considered as one of the main causes of the emergence of the director. Two further causes of the emergence of the director, not considered in previous studies, are the invention of cinema and the Symbolist movement (Lugne-Poe, Meyerhold). Cinema had an important technological influence on the practitioners of the Naturalist movement. In order to achieve a photographic truth on the stage (tableau, image), Naturalist directors strove to decorate the stage with the detailed elements that would be expected to be found if the situation were happening in reality. Film production had an influence on the work of actors (Walter). The filmmaker took over a primary role in the making of the film, as the source of the script, the filming process and the editing of the film. This role influenced the conception that theatre directors had of their own work. It is this concept of the director which influenced the development of the theatre director. As for the Symbolist movement, the director's approach was to dematerialise the text of the playwright, trying to expose the spirit, movement, colour and rhythm of the text. Therefore, the Symbolists disengaged themselves from the material aspect of the production, and contributed to give greater artistic autonomy to the role of the director. Although the emergence of the director finds its roots amongst the Naturalist practitioners (through a rigorous attempt to provide a strict visual interpretation of the text on stage), the Symbolist director heralded the modem perspective of the making of performance. The emergence of the director significantly changed theatre practice and theory. For instance, the rehearsal period became a clear work in progress, a platform for both developing practitioners' techniques and staging the show. This chapter explores and contrasts several practitioners' methods based on the two aspects proposed for the definition of the director (guidance of the actors and materialisation of a visual space). The fourth chapter argues that the role of the director became stronger, more prominent, and more hierarchical, through a more political and didactic approach to theatre as exemplified by the cases of France and Germany at the end of the nineteenth-century and through the First World War. This didactic perspective to theatre defines the notion of political theatre. Political theatre is often approached by the literature (Esslin, Willett) through a Marxist interpretation of the great German directors' productions (Reinhardt, Piscator, Brecht). These directors certainly had a great influence on many directors after the Second World War, such as Jean Vilar, Judith Molina, Jean-Louis Barrault, Roger Planchon, Augusto Boal, and others. This chapter demonstrates, moreover, that the director was confirmed through both ontological and educational approaches to the process of making the performance, and consequently became a central and paternal figure in the organisational and structural processes practiced within her/his theatre company. In this way, the stance taken by the director influenced the State authorities in establishing theatrical policy. This is an entirely novel scholarly contribution to the study of the director. The German and French States were not indifferent to the development of political theatre. A network of public theatres was thus developed in the inter-war period, and more significantly after the Second World War. The fifth chapter shows how State theatre policies establish its sources in the development of political theatre, and more specifically in the German theatre trade union movement (Volksbiihne) and the great directors at the end of the nineteenth-century. French political theatre was more influenced by playwrights and actors (Romain Rolland, Louise Michel, Louis Lumet, Emile Berny). French theatre policy was based primarily on theatre directors who decentralised their activities in France during both the inter-war period and the German occupation. After the Second World War, the government established, through directors, a strong network of public theatres. Directors became both the artistic director and the executive director of those institutionalised theatres. The institution was, however, seriously shaken by the social and political upheaval of 1968. It is the link between the State and the institution in which established directors were entangled that was challenged by the young emerging directors who rejected institutionalised responsibility in favour of the autonomy of the artist in the 1960s. This process is elucidated in chapter five. The final chapter defines the contemporary role of the director in contrasting thework of a number of significant young theatre practitioners in the 1960s such as Peter Brook, Ariane Mnouchkine, The Living Theater, Jerzy Grotowski, Augusto Boal, Eugenio Barba, all of whom decided early on to detach their companies from any form of public funding. This chapter also demonstrates how they promoted new forms of performance such as the performance of the self. First, these practitioners explored new performance spaces outside the traditional theatre building. Producing performances in a non-dedicated theatre place (warehouse, street, etc.) was a more frequent practice in the 1960s than before. However, the recent development of cybertheatre questions both the separation of the audience and the practitioners and the place of the director's role since the 1990s. Secondly, the role of the director has been multifaceted since the 1960s. On the one hand, those directors, despite all their different working methods, explored western and non-western acting techniques based on both personal input and collective creation. They challenged theatrical conventions of both the character and the process of making the performance. On the other hand, recent observations and studies distinguish the two main functions of the director, the acting coach and the scenographe, both having found new developments in cinema, television, and in various others events. Thirdly, the contemporary director challenges the performance of the text. In this sense, Antonin Artaud was a visionary. His theatre illustrates the need for the consideration of the totality of the text, as well as that of theatrical production. By contrasting the theories of Artaud, based on a non-dramatic form of theatre, with one of his plays (Le Jet de Sang), this chapter demonstrates how Artaud examined the process of making the performance as a performance. Live art and autobiographical performance, both taken as directing the se(f, reinforce this suggestion. Finally, since the 1990s, autobiographical performance or the performance of the self is a growing practical and theoretical perspective in both performance studies and psychology-related studies. This relates to the premise that each individual is making a representation (through memory, interpretation, etc.) of her/his own life (performativity). This last section explores the links between the place of the director in contemporary theatre and performers in autobiographical practices. The role of the traditional actor is challenged through non-identification of the character in the play, while performers (such as Chris Burden, Ron Athey, Orlan, Franko B, Sterlac) have, likewise, explored their own story/life as a performance. The thesis demonstrates the validity of the four parameters (performer, performance space, devising process, social event) defining a generic approach to the director. A generic perspective on the role of the director would encompass: a historical dimension relative to the reasons for and stages of the 'emergence' of the director; a socio-political analysis concerning the relationship between the director, her/his institutionalisation, and the political realm; and the relationship between performance theory, practice and the contemporary role of the director. Such a generic approach is a new departure in theatre research and might resonate in the study of other collaborative artistic practices.

Математика и музика (от Питагор до Бах и до наши дни)

Georgi Dimkov - Looking at the performance of a violonist we perceive that the four strings of the instrument produces tones different pitches. It is clear that the artist presses the strings on special places and that changes the pitch. These places are determined practically by the musicians. Is it possible to determine these places theoretically, from some abstract point of view? After the legend the first successive investigations in this field were done by Pythagoras. The development of the ideas for improvement and enlargement of the results of Pythagoras is the mane topic of the present paper.

In Dreams Awake Film Screening

Screening of the documentary film " In dreams awake" on the Cuban-American artist Humberto Calzada is followed by a panel discussion with the artist. Event held at the Green Library, Maidique Campus, Florida International University on March 8, 2013