Desenvolvimento do Schistosoma mansoni das linhagens de Belo Horizonte (MG), e de S��o José dos Campos (SP), em Mus musculus

Foram analisados os dados referentes ao desenvolvimento de cerc��rias de S. mansoni das linhagens de Belo Horizonte (MG) e de S��o José dos Campos (SP), Brasil. Concluiu-se que ap��s a penetra����o das cerc��rias pelo tegumento dos camundongos, n��o houve diferen��a significativa quanto ao n��mero de vermes adultos que se desenvolveram, pertencentes ��s duas cepas estudadas.

Estudo morfol��gico de Schistosoma mansoni pertencentes a linhagens de Belo Horizonte (MG) e de S��o José dos Campos (SP)

Foram estudados morfologicamente exemplares de S. mansoni adultos das linhagens de Belo Horizonte (MG), e de S��o José dos Campos (SP), Brasil. Concluiu-se haver diferen��as significativas referentes ��s medidas de comprimento do verme, dist��ncia entre as ventosas oral e acetabular, dist��ncia entre a parte anterior dos vermes e a extremidade distal das g��nadas e quanto ao n��mero de test��culos.

Efeitos da polui����o atmosf��rica na sa��de infantil em S��o José dos Campos, SP

OBJETIVO: Dentre os efeitos da polui����o ambiental na sa��de da crian��a, destaca-se o aumento de interna����es por pneumonias. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a associa����o dessas interna����es com o aumento dos poluentes atmosf��ricos. M��TODOS: Trata-se de estudo ecol��gico de s��ries temporais, realizado na cidade de S��o José dos Campos, SP, nos anos de 2000 e 2001. Foram utilizados dados di��rios sobre o n��mero de interna����es por pneumonia, dados di��rios de poluentes (SO2, O3 e PM10) e de temperatura e umidade do clima. Foram estimadas as correla����es entre as vari��veis de interesse pelo coeficiente de Pearson. Para estimar a associa����o entre as interna����es por pneumonia e a polui����o atmosf��rica, utilizaram-se modelos aditivos generalizados de regress��o de Poisson. Foram estimados os acr��scimos das interna����es por pneumonia para o intervalo interquartil para cada um dos poluentes estudados, com um intervalo de confian��a de 95% RESULTADOS: Os tr��s poluentes apresentaram efeitos defasados nas interna����es por pneumonia, iniciada tr��s a quatro dias ap��s a exposi����o e decaindo rapidamente. Na estimativa de efeito acumulado de oito dias observou-se ao longo desse per��odo que para aumentos de 24,7 ��g/m�� na concentra����o m��dia de PM10 houve um acr��scimo de 9,8% nas interna����es. CONCLUS��ES: O estudo confirma que o potencial delet��rio dos poluentes do ar sobre a sa��de pode ser detectado, tamb��m, em cidades de m��dio porte. A magnitude do efeito foi semelhante ao observado na cidade de S��o Paulo. Al��m disso, mostra a elevada susceptibilidade das crian��as aos efeitos adversos advindos da exposi����o aos contaminantes atmosf��ricos.

Contribui����o para a solu����o de tratamento de ��guas residuais dom��sticas da Vila de S��o Sebastião

Disserta����o de Mestrado, Engenharia e Gest��o de Sistemas de ��gua, 26 de Maio de 2015, Universidade dos A��ores.

Students' engagement in schools : differentiation and promotion

The objective of this work is to present elements of the project Student engagement in Schools (SES). The team consists of 10 researchers from six Universities. Student engagement in schools is a multidimensional construct that unites affective, behavioural, and cognitive dimensions of student adaptation in the school and has influence on students���outcomes. The team of researchers conceptualized two major studies, a differential study to analyze the relations between SES and contextual factors, personal factors, student���s outcomes, and a quasi-experimental study to analyze the effects on SES of a specific intervention programmes. In study 1, the sample size is around 600 students (150 6th graders, 150 7th graders, 150 9th graders, and 150 10th graders). We shall focus on years of school transition, with rural and urban populations, on different regions of the country, and on students with different family background. We shall conduct questionnaires with national and international scales. The study 2 will involve students in 7th and 9th grade, from four classes, two of the experimental group and two of the control group. Patterns of verbal communication between a teacher and students can influence the classroom environment and SES. This model of communication would result in more effective student management and more time on-task for learning.

Estudo comparativo de testes sorol��gicos no diagn��stico imunol��gico da neurocisticercose

Estudamos comparativamente quatro t��cnicas imunol��gicas para o diagn��stico da neurocisticercose (NC) utilizando l��quido cefalorraquiano (LCR) como esp��cime cl��nico: as rea����es de fixa����o de complemento (RFC), hemaglutina����o passiva (RHA), imunofluoresc��ncia indireta (RIF) e teste imunoenzim��tico ELISA Foram ensaiadas 125 amostras de LCR de pacientes com NC comprovada e 94 amostras de LCR do grupo controle (60 de pacientes com quadros cl��nicos neurol��gicos diversos e 34 de pacientes supostamente normais). Os ��ndices de sensibilidade e especificidade obtidos para os testes foram, respectivamente, de 48,0% e 90,4% para a RFC; 88,8% e 96,8% para a RHA; 87,2 e 98,9% para a RIF e 97,6% e 98,9% para o teste ELISA. A diferen��a significativa (p < 0,05) observada entre os testes permite concluir que o melhor teste para o diagn��stico de NC foi o teste ELISA seguido das rea����es de HA e IF.

Pragmatismo e utopismo na cria����o urban��stica de ra��z portuguesa no s��culo XVIII

pp. 103-112

Electrophoretic protein patterns and numerical analysis of Candida albicans from the oral cavities of healthy children

The aim of this research was to evaluate the protein polymorphism degree among seventy-five C. albicans strains from healthy children oral cavities of five socioeconomic categories from eight schools (private and public) in Piracicaba city, S��o Paulo State, in order to identify C. albicans subspecies and their similarities in infantile population groups and to establish their possible dissemination route. Cell cultures were grown in YEPD medium, collected by centrifugation, and washed with cold saline solution. The whole-cell proteins were extracted by cell disruption, using glass beads and submitted to SDS-PAGE technique. After electrophoresis, the protein bands were stained with Coomassie-blue and analyzed by statistics package NTSYS-pc version 1.70 software. Similarity matrix and dendrogram were generated by using the Dice similarity coefficient and UPGMA algorithm, respectively, which made it possible to evaluate the similarity or intra-specific polymorphism degrees, based on whole-cell protein fingerprinting of C. albicans oral isolates. A total of 13 major phenons (clusters) were analyzed, according to their homogeneous (socioeconomic category and/or same school) and heterogeneous (distinct socioeconomic categories and/or schools) characteristics. Regarding to the social epidemiological aspect, the cluster composition showed higher similarities (0.788 < S D < 1.0) among C. albicans strains isolated from healthy children independent of their socioeconomic bases (high, medium, or low). Isolates of high similarity were not found in oral cavities from healthy children of social stratum A and D, B and D, or C and E. This may be explained by an absence of a dissemination route among these children. Geographically, some healthy children among identical and different schools (private and public) also are carriers of similar strains but such similarity was not found among other isolates from children from certain schools. These data may reflect a restricted dissemination route of these microorganisms in some groups of healthy scholars, which may be dependent of either socioeconomic categories or geographic site of each child. In contrast to the higher similarity, the lower similarity or higher polymorphism degree (0.499 < S D < 0.788) of protein profiles was shown in 23 (30.6%) C. albicans oral isolates. Considering the social epidemiological aspect, 42.1%, 41.7%, 26.6%, 23.5%, and 16.7% were isolates from children concerning to socioeconomic categories A, D, C, B, and E, respectively, and geographically, 63.6%, 50%, 33.3%, 33.3%, 30%, 25%, and 14.3% were isolates from children from schools LAE (Liceu Col��gio Albert Einstein), MA (E.E.P.S.G. "Prof. Elias de Melo Ayres"), CS (E.E.P.G. "Prof. Carlos Sodero"), AV (Alphaville), HF (E.E.P.S.G. "Honorato Faustino), FMC (E.E.P.G. "Prof. Francisco Mariano da Costa"), and MEP (E.E.P.S.G. "Prof. Manasses Ephraim Pereira), respectively. Such results suggest a higher protein polymorphism degree among some strains isolated from healthy children independent of their socioeconomic strata or geographic sites. Complementary studies, involving healthy students and their families, teachers, servants, hygiene and nutritional habits must be done in order to establish the sources of such colonization patterns in population groups of healthy children. The whole-cell protein profile obtained by SDS-PAGE associated with computer-assisted numerical analysis may provide additional criteria for the taxonomic and epidemiological studies of C. albicans.

FATAL OUTCOME OF INFECTION BY DENGUE 4 IN A PATIENT WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA AS A COMORBID CONDITION IN BRAZIL

Dengue is currently a major public-health problem. Dengue virus (DENV) is classified into four distinct serotypes, DENV 1-4. After 28 years of absence, DENV-4 was again detected in Brazil in 2010 in Roraima State, and one year later, the virus was identified in the northern Brazilian states of Amazonas and Par&#225;, followed by Rio de Janeiro and S&#227;o Paulo. In Minas Gerais, the first confirmed case of DENV-4 occurred in the municipality of Frutal in 2011 and has now been isolated from a growing number of patients. Although DENV-2 is associated with the highest risk of severe forms of the disease and death due to the infection, DENV-4 has also been associated with severe forms of the disease and an increasing risk of hemorrhagic manifestations. Herein, the first fatal case of confirmed DENV-4 in Brazil is reported. The patient was an 11-year-old girl from the municipality of Montes Claros in northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. She had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura as a comorbid condition and presented with a fulminant course of infection, leading to death due to hemorrhagic complications. Diagnosis was confirmed by detection of Dengue-specific antibodies using IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and semi-nested RT-PCR. Primary care physicians and other health-care providers should bear in mind that DENV-4 can also result in severe forms of the disease and lead to hemorrhagic complications and death, mainly when dengue infection is associated with coexisting conditions.

Implementa����o do sistema SMED nas linhas de produ����o na ���José Maria da Fonseca Vinhos, SA���

Disserta����o para obten����o do Grau de Mestre em Tecnologia e Seguran��a Alimentar

Manifesta����es neurol��gicas nas endocardites infecciosas - revis��o de 103 casos estudados - 84 casos do Hospital dos Servidores do Estado-R.J. (1947-1978) e 19 casos do Hospital Estadual S��o Sebastião-R.J. (1975-1978)

Os autores fazem uma revis��o de 103 casos de endocardites infecciosas, dos quais 52 apresentaram manifesta����es neurol��gicas. Dos 52 que n��o tiveram problemas neurol��gicos, 39 faleceram 175%), enquanto que dos 51 que n��o tiveram altera����es do sistema nervoso, apenas 18 evolu��ram para o ��bito 135,3%). A endocardite infecciosa com manifesta����es neurol��gicas, na presente s��rie, foi dominante no sexo masculino. Os grupos et��rios mais envolvidos foram as crian��as, adolescentes e adultos jovens. Houve outro pico importante em pacientes acima de 50 anos. Os crit��rios para o diagn��stico de endocardite infecciosa utilizados no presente estudo, foram os cl��ssicos, acrescidos de outros considerados de extrema utilidade, �� medida que a experi��ncia foi sendo acumulada, acompanhando paralelamente as modifica����es dos padr��es etiol��gicos, assim como as altera����es dos espectros cl��nicos da doen��a, conseq��entes a muitos fatores aqui discutidos. Os principais dist��rbios neurol��gicos observados foram as manifesta����es meningeias, 25/52 148,1%), altera����es do comportamento, 20/52 (38,4%), fen��menos motores (paralisias e paresias), 20/52 (38,4%). Altera����es do n��vel de consci��ncia (torpor ou coma), ao lado de outras menos comuns, como cefal��ia 16/52 (26,9%), convuls��es, 10/52 (19,2%), afasia 7/52 (13,5%) e manchas de Roth, 7/53 (13,5%). As manifesta����es neurol��gicas frequentemente foram m��ltiplas em um mesmo paciente. Nas formas de endocardite, foram em muitos casos praticamente as altera����es que abriram e dominaram a cena cl��nica. As mais comuns foram: s��ndrome meningeia, s��ndrome vascular e encefalopatia t��xica. Foi dif��cil, em conseq����ncia de m��ltiplas manifesta����es neurol��gicas num mesmo paciente, estabelecer crit��rios entre a les��o neurol��gica e o progn��stico, embora o coma profundo, as convuls��es, os dist��rbios motores acentuados, a meningite e as altera����es do comportamento, isoladamente ou em associa����o, fa��am com que o mesmo seja bem mais s��rio. O germe mais encontrado em nossa s��rie foi oStaphylococcus aureus, relacionado com formas agudas da infec����o endoc��rdica, aliado a processos destrutivos valvulares e a s��rias altera����es neurol��gicas tais como meningite, encefalite, infartos, hemorragias e abcessos cerebrais. Os principais achados neurol��gicos referentes �� patologia, no estudo de 15 casos, s��o apresentados ao lado de conclus��es tiradas de reflex��es sobre o material analisado e da experi��ncia vivida. Uma revis��o da literatura �� feita desde os trabalhos iniciais sobre a doen��a at�� os dias de hoje, ficando evidenciada a import��ncia do tema pelas grandes contribui����es apresentadas pelos diferentes autores.

Cat��strofes Naturais - inunda����es e tempestades: abordagem ao seu impacto no mercado segurador portugu��s

Disserta����o apresentada como requisito parcial para obten����o do grau de Mestre em Estat��stica e Gest��o de Informa����o

��s portas de Lisboa. O Palacete de J.M. Eug��nio de Almeida em S��o Sebastião

O lugar do pal��cio de José Maria Eug��nio de Almeida, com a sua fachada principal voltada para o Largo de S��o Sebastião da Pedreira, marca um dos limites da cidade at�� ao s��culo XVIII, num cruzamento din��mico de vias para os territ��rios arrabaldinos. Constituindo-se como esp��cime relevante da arquitectura oitocentista de filia����o cl��ssica, delineado por Jean Colson, a Casa de Eug��nio de Almeida foi cenografada no grandioso Parque de Santa Gertrudes com rara qualidade paisag��stica e arquitect��nica, neste caso ainda hoje evidente nas antigas cocheiras e cavalari��as, delineadas por Giuseppe Cinatti.

Immunotherapy, immunochemotherapy and chemotherapy for American cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment

The first choice of treatment for American cutaneous leishmaniasis is the pentavalent antimonial drug. Although it has been shown that this treatment is mostly effective and indicated, some disadvantages should be taken into account such as side effects, long term treatment inconveniences and counter-indication for patients suffering from cardiopathy, nephropathy; yet, aging, pregnancy and other conditions. With the advent of the vaccine anti-American cutaneous leishmaniasis as a prophylactic measure, studies on therapy using the vaccine associated or not with other drugs have been performed by many investigators and it is currently among the alternative treatments and prevention measures for American cutaneous leishmaniasis. In conclusion, the association between antimony and vaccine (immunochemotherapy) showed the same cure rate when compared with the standard treatment (100%) and it was also able to reduce the salt volume in 17.9% and treatment length from 87 to 62 days, decreasing side effects.

Do differences exist between chronic hepatitis C genotypes 2 and 3?

Introduction Six genotypes of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been identified thus far, and their distribution is well defined. Genotype 1, which is the most prevalent worldwide, is always compared to genotypes 2 and 3, particularly in terms of treatment response. However, little is known about the differences between genotypes 2 and 3 because these genotypes are analyzed together in most studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and histological parameters between HCV-2 and HCV-3. Methods Patients with chronic hepatitis C infected with genotypes 2 and 3 were studied retrospectively and compared according to clinical, laboratory, and histological aspects. Hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) was analyzed quantitatively by TaqMan&#174; real-time PCR, and the HCV genotype was determined by sequencing the 5&#8242;-untranslated region. Results A total of 306 patients with chronic HCV-2 (n=50) and HCV-3 (n = 256) were studied. Subtype 2b (n=17/50) and subtype 3a (n=244/256) were the most prevalent among patients infected with HCV-2 and HCV-3, respectively. The mean age was 47 &#177; 10 years, and there was a predominance of men in the group studied (61%). Comparative analysis between HCV-2 and HCV-3 showed a younger age (p=0.002), less prevalence of arterial hypertension (p=0.03), higher serum albumin levels (p=0.01), more advanced stage of liver fibrosis (p=0.03), and higher frequency of steatosis in patients with HCV-3 (p=0.001). After multivariate regression analysis, all the variables, except serum albumin, remained as variables associated with HCV-3 in the final model. Conclusions Clinical and histological differences exist between HCV-2 and HVC-3, which suggests the need for separate analyses of these genotypes.