Inequality in analgesic prescription in Spain: a gender development issue

Objectives: It is well known that sex differences in analgesic prescription are not merely the logical result of greater prevalence of pain in women, since this therapeutic variability is related to factors such as educational level or social class. This study aims to analyse the relationship between analgesic prescription and gender development in different regions of Spain. Methods: Cross-sectional study of sex-differences in analgesic prescription according to the gender development of the regions studied. Analgesic prescription, pain and demographic variables were obtained from the Spanish Health Interview Survey in 2006. Gender development was measured with the Gender Development Index (GDI). A logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare analgesic prescription by sex in regions with a GDI above or below the Spanish average. Results: Once adjusted by pain, age and social class, women were more likely to be prescribed analgesics than men, odds ratio (OR) = 1.74 (1.59-1.91), as residents in regions with a lower GDI compared with those in region with a higher GDI: ORWomen = 1.26 (1.12-1.42), ORMen = 1.30 (1.13-1.50). Women experiencing pain in regions with a lower GDI were more likely than men to be treated by a general practitioner rather than by a specialist, OR = 1.32 (1.04-1.67), irrespective of age and social class. Conclusions: Gender bias may be one of the pathways by which inequalities in analgesic treatment adversely affect women's health. Moreover, research into the adequacy of analgesic treatment and the possible medicalisation of women should consider contextual factors, such as gender development.

Ototoxicidade

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Crioterapia como tratamento de entorses de tornozelos de atletas: revisão sistemática

A crioterapia é prática comum na medicina esportiva, pela praticidade, facilidade de acesso e baixo custo, possuindo vantajoso uso na Saúde Pública. No entanto, os efeitos analgésicos do gelo tem pouca base objetiva e sistematizada em termos de técnicas, duração e frequência. O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar através da revisão sistemática (RS) as evidências relativas à efetividade da crioterapia para o tratamento das entorses de tornozelo de atletas. A RS é um método de pesquisa observacional e retrospectivo, pelo qual se tratam artigos, preferencialmente Ensaios Clínicos Aleatórios – ECA, como sujeitos da investigação, com rigorosos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e, quando possível, realiza-se uma macro estatística dos resultados – metaanálise. No presente RS, foram consultados cinco bancos de dados - Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Lilacs e PEDro para buscar ECA sobre crioterapia com os desfechos dor, edema, rigidez e função. Resultados: 289 estudos foram identificados inicialmente, dos quais nove com tratamentos isolados ou associados à crioterapia, porém apenas um preencheu aos critérios de inclusão, cujo N era 121 atletas, dos quais 64 receberam a crioterapia (funcional) e 57 no grupo controle (imobilização). Maior probabilidade para o evento dor foi observada no grupo controle, após 3 e 12 meses. A RS revelou uma lacuna em ECA dentro do tema, mas não encontrou efeito adverso na prática da crioterapia, sendo um princípio analgésico importante, sobretudo em lesões de tecidos moles.

Patterns of currency transactions and their relationship to narcotics traffic : hearing before the Subcommittee on General Oversight and Renegotiation of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, first session on H.R. 5961 ... November 29, 1979.

"Serial no. 96-47."

Drug dependence

Each number also called Experimental issue

Federal and State laws pertaining to methadone /

Mode of access: Internet.

National drug control strategy.

Some vols. have also a distinctive title.

Techniques in job development and placement for ex-addicts : a success story /

"This report was written by Eric Lax, a consultant to Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation ... under the following grants or contracts : Employment and Training Administration, Department of Labor, Grant no. 33-36-75-01, contract nos. 30-36-75-01 and 30-34-75-02; The Ford Foundation, Grant no. 740-0537A."--P. 2 of cover.

A study of international control of narcotics and dangerous drugs

"Final report, BNDD contract no. 71-28."

Dangerous drugs act, 1932. [22 Geo. 5. Ch. 15.]

Contains amendments to the Dangerous drugs act, 1920-1925.

Comprehensive state plan for alcoholism and substance abuse services.

Annual updates published in years between the 3-year comprehensive plans.

Plan for drug abuse treatment services, 1976-1979 /

Cover title: Plan for dangerous drugs services, 1977-1979.

Substance abuse and the criminal justice system : a comprehensive state plan for treatment and community reintegration /

The plan was developed by a committee of leaders from the alcohol and substance abuse, and criminal justice fields: the Illinois Department of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse (DASA), Illinois Department of Corrections (DOC), Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority (ICJIA), John Howard Association (JHA) and Treatment Alternatives for Special Clients (TASC).

Target Chicago.

Funding provided by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and Illinois Department of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse.

An essay on temperance, addressed particularly to students, and the young men of America. ...

First edition issued in 1830 under title: An essay on alcoholic & narcotic substances, as articles of common use.