O uso de drogas anticoagulantes e antiplaquetárias orais em pacientes cirúrgicos ambulatoriais: revisão de literatura

The oral anticoagulants (AOC) and platelet antiagregants are drugs used for the prevention of thromboembolic phenomena, such as pulmonary embolism in patients with atrial fribrilation heart valves, thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. For patients who are undergoing surgical procedures-dentistry were asked to discontinue the use of anticoagulants until the value of the INR remained = 2.0, that in order to avoid trans and hemorrhages in the postoperative period. However, the AOC can cause the formation of a clot, leading to obstruction of blood pathways. Thus, it became doubtful the medicine for surgery, in which local hemostatic measures would be sufficient to promote hemostasis. Thus, the objective of the review was to evaluate the risk of bleeding in patients AOC users that are subjected to surgical procedures, through a bibliographical survey carried out in relevant clinical studies published between 1990 and 2012, by the MedlinePubMed data. In this review of literature was concluded that the benefit of thromboembolism prevention overcomes the risk hemorrhage, therefore, it is recommended to keep the dose of anticoagulant therapy unchanged for patients undergoing oral surgery and implant dentistry, using appropriate INR levels with the assistance of local hemostatic. In addition, a refined surgical technique should be performed in these patients. With respect to the most invasive oral surgery, with a risk of bleeding, treatment may be necessary in conjunction with the medical staff.

A utilização de abutment de zircônia na reabilitação oral: aspectos protéticos e periodontais

Zirconia abutments are used to obtain satisfactory aesthetic results in implant fixed anterior prostheses when metal abutments promote a grayish mucosal discoloration of the peri-implant soft tissues. However, there is a lack of studies to confirm the clinical performance of the peri-implant soft tissues surrouding zirconia abutments. This study described a case report of a patient treated with implant fixed all-ceramic crown made out on zirconia abutment after 3 years of followup. A 47-year-old female patient was admitted to the dental clinic (Aracatuba Dental School) complaining about the fracture of her implant fixed single crown in the region of the left lateral incisor. The patient chose the replacement of the fractured prosthesis for an allceramic crown. After 3 years of follow-up it was observed that maintenance of the aesthetic results and the peri-implant soft tissue without any inflammation or gingival recessions. Within the limitations of a case report, it can be conclude that zirconia abutments is a effective rehabilitation treatment because it preserves the aesthetics and function through the maintenance of peri-implant tissues.

O papel do epstein barr vírus na carcinogênese oral

Introduction: the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the head and neck cancer of higher occurrence, representing about 90% of all these tumors. The SCC has several risk factors as smoking, alcohol and some oncogenic viruses, including the Epstein Barr virus (EBV). The EBV is a member of Herpesviridae family and has tropism for B lymphocytes and also for epithelial cells. Aim: the aim of this study was accomplish a review of the literature about the presence of the EBV in oral carcinomas. Conclusion: EBV is closely related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a SCC of high incidence in Southeast Asia, however its role in others oral SCC has not been proved.

Manutenção em próteses implantossuportadas: higiene oral

The maintenance of Implant-supported Prosthesis is essential to the success of dental implants. Therefore, the aim of the study was to conduct a review the literature addressing maintenance Implant-Supported Prosthesis in order to guide planning for the longevity of oral rehabilitation. We conducted a detailed search strategy for the Pubmed / Medline Dentistry and Oral Science, used as descriptors: “Oral Hygiene“ and “Dental Implant until July, 2013. The results were grouped together in topics (Clinical Exam and Oral Hygiene) and discussed. Conclusion: A regular maintenance program for oral patient implantprosthesis is essential to the longevity of the treatment. Different methods and devices are effective for cleansing. However one orientation (in writing) must be offered to patients, since inadequate cleaning can create regions of abrasion on the surfaces of abutments and dental implants.

Biofilmes orais como um possível fator de risco ao câncer bucal: revisão da literatura

Introduction: much studies regarding risk factors associated with oral cancer. Factors such as smoking and alcohol and solar radiation are well established, but others, such as bacterial influence in the development or progression of a tumor still remain unexplained. Interest in the possible relationship between bacteria and different stages of cancer development has increased since the classification of H. pylori by the WHO as a definite carcinogen. Subsequently, links between infection and the onset of cancer in various sites in the body were discovered. Review of literature: this literature review attempts to show the influence of poor oral hygiene, with consequent bacterial accumulation as a possible important risk factor for the initiation and development of mouth cancer, and correlate the possible mechanisms by which bacteria can initiate or promote carcinogenesis. Conclusion: there is much evidence that bacteria in the oral cavity and periodontopathic are present in tumor tissue, however, still can not affirm that these bacteria initiate or promote carcinogenesis.

Reabilitação Oral: prótese livre de metal, Removível e implantes. Um caso de 12 anos de acompanhamento

The literature has suggested that the association of removable partial dentures with dental implants can improve the quality of life of patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to present a case report. This case report describes the development of a removable partial denture associated with dental implants bilaterally been monitored for 12 years, and the efficacy of the proposed treatment. The radiographic controls demonstrated no changes on bone tissue. The maxillary arch was rehabilitated with metal-free crowns. The patient was fully satisfied with this technique providing stability, esthetics, and proper function. It was concluded that the technique of using removable partial dentures associated with dental implants is viable and show the advantages of improved function, aesthetics and cost reductions in rehabilitation treatment.

O tratamento da apneia obstrutiva do sono e a utilização de implantes osseointegráveis: revisão da literatura

The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome affects millions of people around the world. The mandibular repositioning devices have been indicated in cases of mild/moderate syndrome; however in edentulous patients its use is deficient since there is no retention. Therefore the objective of this study was to conduct a review on the use of this treatment method combined to osseointegrated implants. A search on the theme: Dental implant and sleep apnea syndromewas performed in the Medline/PubMed, ISI, Cochrane, Dentistry Oral Science, Clinical Trials, Controlled Trials, and Bireme-BvS, databases, and 22 articles were found. After anevaluation 2 studies were selected and the review was complemented with an analysis of randomized controlled trials in the previous seven bases using the key-words: Sleep apnea syndrome, Oral appliance and Randomized controlled trial. The search returned 37 articles, and after they were submitted to inclusion criteria 17 studies were selected. There are a small number of studies presenting the use of dental implants as a mean to assist the stabilization of the mandibular repositioning appliances; those that are available are case reports that focusing on the effectiveness of the technique. Studies examining the effect these appliances in dentate patients indicate improvement in the levels of apnea and snoring. The use of mandibular repositioning appliances in dentate patients is an effective technique in treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome mild/moderate. Randomized controlled trialsare required in order to enable an analysis of the use of mandibular repositioning devices with the aid of dental implants .

Fatores envolvidos no comportamento em higiene bucal e hábitos alimentares de crianças: revisão de literatura

The family is primarily responsible for shaping behavior in oral hygiene and nutrition of children, and cultural and psychosocial factors can influence this process. Thus, we carried out this study with the aim of presenting evidence from the literature on the subject. We reviewed the databases Bireme, Pubmed and Medline without restriction of year of publication. Used as descriptors "education," "care," "behavior," "oral health" and "food habits". We emphasize the responsibility of the family practices, values and beliefs of oral health and nutrition as well as the importance of shared care between family and professionals.

Enxerto ósseo em odontologia: revisão de literatura

Bone is a specialized connective tissue, vascular and dynamic changes over the life of the organism. When injured, has a unique ability to regenerate and repair without the presence of scars, but in some situations due to the size of the defect, the bone tissue does not regenerate so completely, it is necessary to carry out bone grafting procedures. Considering there are various types of grafts and various donor sites. Thus, the aim of this study was to review the literature to some type of graft most commonly used in dentistry. Given the importance of bone reconstruction in oral and maxillofacial surgery, it is necessary to know the viability and influence of biomaterials, or not associated with autogenous grafts in bone repair. Even this, with many qualities, but further studies should be done to achieve each day, a synthetic material compatible with bone tissue lost in adequate amounts without requiring extra-oral surgeries that are considered to be devoted to higher morbidity.

Como crianças e adolescentes com Distúrbio Específico de Linguagem compreendem a linguagem oral?

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar estudos relevantes sobre as alterações de compreensão em crianças e adolescentes com Distúrbio Específico de Linguagem (DEL). Para tanto, realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico em bases de dados científicas. A literatura revela que essa população pode apresentar dificuldade importante de compreensão oral, atribuída ou à falta de conhecimento linguístico ou a falhas de processamento. Conforme se desenvolvem, as crianças com DEL apresentam evolução das habilidades de compreensão. No entanto, dificuldades persistem mesmo em faixas etárias mais avançadas, como a adolescência. Dessa forma, é importante diagnosticar precocemente tais alterações e intervir devidamente. Pesquisas científicas comprovam a efetividade da terapia fonoaudiológica por meio de técnicas variadas.

Deglutição e consistências alimentares pastosas e sólidas: revisão crítica de literatura

OBJETIVO: Levantar artigos científicos internacionais sobre a fisiologia da deglutição de alimentos nas consistências néctar, mel, pudim, pastosa heterogênea, semissólida e sólida, nas fases oral e faríngea. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo de revisão qualitativa da literatura. Para a seleção dos artigos, foi utilizada a base de dados PubMed com emprego dos descritores "Swallowing and consistency", "Swallowing and solid" e "Swallowing and pasty", limitando-se a pesquisas publicadas no idioma inglês, entre os anos de 2005 e 2010, realizadas com seres humanos maiores de 18 anos. A metodologia empregada envolveu formulação da pergunta, localização e seleção dos estudos, e avaliação crítica dos artigos, conforme os preceitos do Cochrane Handbook. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 211 estudos, dos quais 18 foram analisados, pois permitiam acesso ao texto completo e eram diretamente relacionados ao tema. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos apresentam metodologia pouco uniforme, não havendo padronização, principalmente quanto aos métodos de avaliação. Em geral, as pesquisas foram realizadas com sujeitos saudáveis ou remeteram a um tipo de patologia, sem utilização de casos-controle. A heterogeneidade dos estudos possibilita que diferentes grupos de patologias sejam avaliados, porém, a variabilidade metodológica dificulta a definição e generalização dos padrões encontrados. Sendo assim, não é possível evidenciar dados que embasem a prática clínica fonoaudiológica no que diz respeito à fisiologia normal ou alterada da deglutição de diferentes consistências alimentares, tanto para sujeitos normais quanto para os acometidos por alguma desordem.

Alimentos na consistência líquida e deglutição: uma revisão crítica da literatura

O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura foi analisar artigos científicos internacionais publicados sobre a fisiologia da deglutição de alimentos líquidos nas fases oral e faríngea. A metodologia empregada envolveu a formulação da pergunta; localização e seleção dos estudos; avaliação crítica dos artigos; conforme os preceitos do Cochrane Handbook. Foram identificados 185 artigos, dos quais se excluiu 141 por não relacionarem-se diretamente ao tema e analisou-se 29 estudos. As pesquisas estão fortemente relacionadas às formas de identificação de disfagia e não as características proporcionadas pela deglutição de diferentes consistências. Quanto à metodologia empregada nos artigos analisados observa-se que na maioria dos estudos não há grupo-controle. Os grupos estudados são heterogêneos, principalmente quando considerando indivíduos com alterações neurológicas, além disso, não há pareamento de idade na maioria dos estudos. Dessa forma, os achados desta revisão demonstram que há dificuldade na aplicabilidade clínica dos achados científicos, dificultando a prática baseada evidências.

¿Adivinas, cuartetas, trabalenguas...? La literatura tradicional en el Aula de ELE: sugerencias didácticas

Modelos de explotación didáctica de algunas manifestaciones literarias de la denominada tradición oral. Sugerencias para el Aula de ELE desde la perspectiva de concebirse como modelos para la mejora de la competencia comunicativa.