Diagnóstico de suelos en cultivos de café (Coffea arabica L.), maíz (Zea mays L.) y frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), comunidad de Santa Julia, El Crucero, Managua

Uno de los parámetros de mayor importancia en la agricultura es el estado nutricional del suelo, así como el manejo de parte de los agricultores. En 2014, a través del programa para el Desarrollo Participativo Integral Rural (DEPARTIR)se efectuó un muestreo de suelos a profundidad de 25 cm en 34 lotes productivos de 17 unidades de producción, dedicadas a la producción de café (Coffea arabica), maíz ( Zea mays L.) y frijol (Phaseolusvulgaris L.) en la comunidad Santa Julia, El Crucero, Managua. Se analizaron los factores que condicionan el uso del suelo, a través de análisis de correlación, ANDEVA y análisis de correspondencia en N, P,K, Mg, Ca, MO, CO y pH. El N total,y altitudfueron correlacionadas. El 95% de las áreas presentaron 10.5 hectáreas, con predominancia decultivo de café. Lafertilización químicaes unapráctica común en las unidades productivasy cultivos estudiados. Los muestreos efectuados en las parcelas de maíz fueron homogéneos a lo interno y externo de las unidades productivas; no así en el cultivo de café. Las áreas de siembra, destino de la producción y la aplicación de fertilizantes químicos, presentaron una alta relación.

Captación y almacenamiento de agua de lluvia, mediante el uso de pilas de captación en la comunidad Santa Julia, El Crucero, Managua, 2016

El presente trabajo de culminación de estudio se realizó en la comunidad santa Julia, El Crucero municipio de Managua, el objetivo principal del estudio es demostrar que el agua de lluvia, contribuye al buen aprovechamiento del agua en santa Julia El Crucero. La poca disponibilidad de agua para uso doméstico y agrícola es la principal problemática demandada por las familias de la comunidad ya que no cuentan con una fuente donde puedan abastecerse poniéndolos en alerta. Durante las diferentes etapas se implementaron herramientas metodológicas (diagnóstico participativo, encuestas, matriz de priorización de los problemas). La metodología utilizada se dividió en tres fases la primera estuvo orientada a la planificación y coordinación con la comunidad en donde se dio el involucramiento de los estudiantes, la fase dos consistió en el trabajo de campo mediante un diagnóstico para conocer las características socioeconómicas de las población, ubicación de las estructura de captación de agua, y el cálculo de la demanda de agua por familia, por otra parte la última fase consto del análisis de la información obtenida. Se encontró en los resultados del estudio que solo tres familias cuentan con el servicio básico de agua potable, sin embargo muchas familias son abastecidas por medio de cisternas enviadas por la alcaldía del crucero una vez a la semana. En su mayoría de las familias son propietarios de sus terrenos lo que conlleva a su permanencia dentro de la comunidad durante todo el año, el grado de organización es muy marcado destacándose la cooperativa de mujeres Gloria Quintanilla y la cooperativa de pequeños productores, el estado de las viviendas de la comunidad en intervención se encuentran en condiciones buenas valorando el techo, pared y piso.

Erotismo en las obras “El Pergamino de la seducción” de Gioconda Belli y “El Desencanto” de Jacinta Escudos

El presente trabajo referido a el erotismo en las obras “El pergamino de la seducción” de Gioconda Belli y “El desencanto” de Jacinta Escudos, establece la diferencia entre pornografía y erotismo, usando como base teórica los conceptos de distintos diccionarios y enciclopedias como el Diccionario de Términos Literarios y la Enciclopedia Ilustrada, así como La Llama doble, amor y erotismo ensayo del mexicano Octavio Paz. Se han identificado dentro de las novelas las funciones del erotismo y el fin con que cada autora las utiliza considerando los términos lúdico, desmitificación y hedonismo, utilizados por el Lic. Lara Valle para la caracterización de cada función; dichos conceptos han sido verificados en los Diccionarios de Términos y Figuras Literarios de Julia Kristeva y Diccionario de términos Literarios de Sainz de Robles. Para diferenciar la temática, la forma, lenguaje y tipo de erotismo que presentan las novelas se utiliza la teoría de la literatura comparada, para identificar si son obras correspondientes a la pornografía o al erotismo. Finalmente se aplican algunos aspectos del psicoanálisis de Freud para estudiar la personalidad de los personajes principales e identificar de esta manera las actitudes del “yo”, “ello” o “supereyo” y el papel que juega Eros dentro de la historia de las novelas.

Acotaciones y sus variaciones en titulares de prensa económica inglesa: un análisis cognitivo

Teniendo en cuenta el principio de intertextualidad introducido en los años 60 por Julia Kristeva, la tesis que a continuación presentamos analiza un tipo de colocaciones -- que Lewis (2000: 133) denomina ‘part of a quotation’ – presentes en los titulares de noticias económicas y políticas de la revista británica The Economist, especializada en estos temas. Estas colocaciones, sin embargo, hacen referencia a los títulos de obras literarias, películas y series de TV, también a canciones o piezas de música. A veces estos títulos se citan sin cambios, pero otras veces son adaptados al contexto más específico de la noticia. En un estudio inicial realizado en 2007-2008, quedó demostrado desde un punto de vista estadístico que el empleo de estas colocaciones no constituía ninguna tendencia de uso en los diferentes registros lingüísticos presentes en dicha publicación y, contrariamente a nuestra impresión inicial, su incidencia respecto a la totalidad de titulares era, en general, muy baja. Sin embargo, en dicho estudio fue imposible resolver por qué aparecen estas colocaciones en titulares de noticias con cuyo contenido nada tienen que ver. Tomando como base el marco general de la Lingüística Cognitiva, la tesis que aquí desarrollamos intenta dar una explicación razonada de este fenómeno. Para ello seguiremos el concepto de intertextualidad que Burger (1991) aplica al campo de la fraseología, y la definición que Danesi (1994: 276) ofrece del mismo (‘cuando un texto alude a otro’)...

Devotional reading and dissolving the self: a critical reading of the late medieval Scottish Legendary using Kristevan theory

The Scottish Legendary is a fourteenth century collection of saints’ lives in Older Scots. The prologue describes the lives as ‘merroure’ (mirror) to readers from which ‘men ma ensample ta’ (people may take example). Thus, the Legendary sets out to reveal how the reader is (mirror) thereby moving her to wish to become how she should be (exemplarity). This dissertation argues that, rather than encouraging devotion to saints along purely dogmatic lines, the Legendary transforms the reader’s selfhood by engaging her affectively, i.e. on an emotional and somatic level. By provoking the reader affectively, the text puts the reader into what Julia Kristeva has described as a ‘semiotic state’ which harks back to the reader’s or listener’s pre-cultural, pre-subjective self (Kristeva, 1984). Thus, the text disrupts the reader’s conception of herself as a complete, hermetic subjectivity, thereby dissolving the boundaries of the reader’s self. The Legendary most powerfully infiltrates the reader’s sense of self along these lines in the moments in which female saints’ bodies are tortured and dismembered. These scenes foreground the permeability of human flesh as well as its powerful influence over selfhood. Such images of abjection are, in Kristeva’s words, ‘opposed to I’; by confronting the reader with the disintegration of subjectivity in abjection, the text incites the reader to likewise experience herself as abject, i.e. disintegrable and permeable (Kristeva 1982). As I shall demonstrate, Kristeva’s psychoanalytic theory of the formation of the self offers a fruitful framework for understanding the processes of self-knowledge through reading that these saints’ lives inspire.

Treadmill Training Increases Sirt-1 And Pgc-1 α Protein Levels And Ampk Phosphorylation In Quadriceps Of Middle-aged Rats In An Intensity-dependent Manner.

The present study investigated the effects of running at 0.8 or 1.2 km/h on inflammatory proteins (i.e., protein levels of TNF- α , IL-1 β , and NF- κ B) and metabolic proteins (i.e., protein levels of SIRT-1 and PGC-1 α , and AMPK phosphorylation) in quadriceps of rats. Male Wistar rats at 3 (young) and 18 months (middle-aged rats) of age were divided into nonexercised (NE) and exercised at 0.8 or 1.2 km/h. The rats were trained on treadmill, 50 min per day, 5 days per week, during 8 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, muscles were removed, homogenized, and analyzed using biochemical and western blot techniques. Our results showed that: (a) running at 0.8 km/h decreased the inflammatory proteins and increased the metabolic proteins compared with NE rats; (b) these responses were lower for the inflammatory proteins and higher for the metabolic proteins in young rats compared with middle-aged rats; (c) running at 1.2 km/h decreased the inflammatory proteins and increased the metabolic proteins compared with 0.8 km/h; (d) these responses were similar between young and middle-aged rats when trained at 1.2 km. In summary, the age-related increases in inflammatory proteins, and the age-related declines in metabolic proteins can be reversed and largely improved by treadmill training.

Ecosystem Engineering Effects On Species Diversity Across Ecosystems: A Meta-analysis.

Ecosystem engineering is increasingly recognized as a relevant ecological driver of diversity and community composition. Although engineering impacts on the biota can vary from negative to positive, and from trivial to enormous, patterns and causes of variation in the magnitude of engineering effects across ecosystems and engineer types remain largely unknown. To elucidate the above patterns, we conducted a meta-analysis of 122 studies which explored effects of animal ecosystem engineers on species richness of other organisms in the community. The analysis revealed that the overall effect of ecosystem engineers on diversity is positive and corresponds to a 25% increase in species richness, indicating that ecosystem engineering is a facilitative process globally. Engineering effects were stronger in the tropics than at higher latitudes, likely because new or modified habitats provided by engineers in the tropics may help minimize competition and predation pressures on resident species. Within aquatic environments, engineering impacts were stronger in marine ecosystems (rocky shores) than in streams. In terrestrial ecosystems, engineers displayed stronger positive effects in arid environments (e.g. deserts). Ecosystem engineers that create new habitats or microhabitats had stronger effects than those that modify habitats or cause bioturbation. Invertebrate engineers and those with lower engineering persistence (<1 year) affected species richness more than vertebrate engineers which persisted for >1 year. Invertebrate species richness was particularly responsive to engineering impacts. This study is the first attempt to build an integrative framework of engineering effects on species diversity; it highlights the importance of considering latitude, habitat, engineering functional group, taxon and persistence of their effects in future theoretical and empirical studies.

The relationship between physical aspects of quality of life and extreme levels of regular physical activity in adults

This study aimed to check for any significant differences in perceived quality of life, specifically aspects of a physical nature, among volunteers who are more physically active and those less physically active in a university community. The sample consisted of 1,966 volunteers in a university community in Brazil. To assess physical activity levels, volunteers responded to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and to analyse the perception of quality of life they responded to WHOQOL-bref, which is classified into three groups according to level of physical activity, taking into account the metabolic equivalent index (MET) over a full week. For comparison, consideration was given to the first and third tertiles, respectively, namely groups of more and less active students. The results indicated that individuals who engaged in more physical activity had a more positive perception of quality of life compared to those who were less active in physical aspects related to the ability to work, energy for day-to-day activities and locomotion.

Watsu : um caminho para a unidade

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Desenvolvimento da Tanatologia: estudos sobre a morte e o morrer

Este artigo discute os principais temas e pesquisas na área da Tanatologia, estudos sobre a morte e o morrer. São apresentados os autores pioneiros que escreveram as primeiras obras de sistematização da Tanatologia entre os quais: Herman Feifel, Robert Kastenbaum e Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, e os principais temas de estudo: luto, violência e guerra, a morte e a TV, cuidados a pacientes gravemente enfermos, além da formação de profissionais da área de saúde e educação para lidar com pessoas vivendo situações de perdas e morte. São feitas propostas de estudos para o futuro desenvolvimento da Tanatologia em nosso país.

A century of research: what have we learned about the interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with host cells?

Since the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi and the brilliant description of the then-referred to "new tripanosomiasis" by Carlos Chagas 100 years ago, a great deal of scientific effort and curiosity has been devoted to understanding how this parasite invades and colonises mammalian host cells. This is a key step in the survival of the parasite within the vertebrate host, and although much has been learned over this century, differences in strains or isolates used by different laboratories may have led to conclusions that are not as universal as originally interpreted. Molecular genotyping of the CL-Brener clone confirmed a genetic heterogeneity in the parasite that had been detected previously by other techniques, including zymodeme or schizodeme (kDNA) analysis. T. cruzi can be grouped into at least two major phylogenetic lineages: T. cruzi I, mostly associated with the sylvatic cycle and T. cruzi II, linked to human disease; however, a third lineage, T. cruziIII, has also been proposed. Hybrid isolates, such as the CL-Brener clone, which was chosen for sequencing the genome of the parasite (Elias et al. 2005, El Sayed et al. 2005a), have also been identified. The parasite must be able to invade cells in the mammalian host, and many studies have implicated the flagellated trypomastigotes as the main actor in this process. Several surface components of parasites and some of the host cell receptors with which they interact have been described. Herein, we have attempted to identify milestones in the history of understanding T. cruzi- host cell interactions. Different infective forms of T. cruzi have displayed unexpected requirements for the parasite to attach to the host cell, enter it, and translocate between the parasitophorous vacuole to its final cytoplasmic destination. It is noteworthy that some of the mechanisms originally proposed to be broad in function turned out not to be universal, and multiple interactions involving different repertoires of molecules seem to act in concert to give rise to a rather complex interplay of signalling cascades involving both parasite and cellular components.