Alternativas estratégicas para competir en mercados en declive: una aplicación al mercado español de alimentación y bebidas

El tópico de estrategias competitivas en la fase de declive estudia el entorno y las acciones a implantar cuando la demanda del producto de la empresa se agota. Estos modelos pueden aportar conocimiento relevante ante el decrecimiento de la demanda en industrias significativas para el tejido económico. Ahora bien, estos modelos carecen de revisión reciente, de modo que la pregunta de investigación se cuestiona si ¿Son los modelos teóricos de comportamiento y resultado en el declive una guía de decisión de la estrategia competitiva adecuada, en el contexto actual de entorno y de empresa? Dar respuesta a esta pregunta constituye el objetivo de esta investigación. Para ello y en primer lugar, revisaremos el marco configurativo (framework) de la estructura de entorno y posición de la empresa, que es la guía para la elección de la acción estratégica (permanecer o salir). En segundo lugar, nos preguntarernos si las estrategias competitivas recomendadas por el modelo (model), liderazgo, nicho, cosecha y salida, son las que mejor resultado proporcionan a las empresas. Ahora bien, a causa del tiempo transcurrido desde su formulación y tras incorporar otras aportaciones, es posible que encontremos evidencia de que el modelo debe revisarse, en parte o en su totalidad.Como pregunta alternativa de investigación planteamos la posibilidad de inducir a través de los resultados de la investigación un nuevo modelo teórico que ajuste mejor con el contexto actual. MARCO TEORICO Y MODELO El marco teórico de esta investigación parte de una aproximación holística, inspirada en el continuo estratégico (SCP) del análisis estructural. El modelo del ciclo de vida explica el efecto del dinamismo de la industria en el resultado de las empresas. Las prescripciones del ciclo de vida tradicional para la fase de declive, cosechar y salir del negocio, son contestadas por Harrigan (1980, 1988) que formula dos proposiciones: declive no es sinónimo de descomposición, y las empresas permanecerán o saldrán según su diagnóstico del entorno y de su posición competitiva...

Relatório de Estágio Profissional. Gestão de Alimentos e Bebidas (F&B)

Este trabalho tem por base o relatório referente a três meses de estágio profissional realizado no Hotel Praia Mar, mais concretamente no departamento de Food & Beverage (F&B), com uma carga horária de 480h. O estágio em questão abrangeu as áreas de Bar, Restaurante, Economato, Cozinha, permitindo conhecer as práticas de planeamento e gestão de eventos, gestão e administração dos recursos humanos, controle de stocks e vendas, e as políticas comerciais. Em cada área, houve o reconhecimento físico das secções, staff, equipamento e organização, e da coordenação das práticas operacionais. Neste relatório poderão encontrar descritos os departamentos onde foi desenvolvido o estágio, bem como as atividades desenvolvidas. No final, faz-se uma reflexão crítica dividida por dificuldades e sugestões, que faz a avaliação geral do estágio. Em jeito de considerações finais, encontram-se as conclusões, onde se realça as ideias gerais do estágio e reforça-se a opinião sobre o decorrer do mesmo.

Prevalencia y factores asociados al consumo de bebidas azucaradas en escolares de 9 a 17 años de Bogotá, Colombia: Estudio FUPRECOL

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al consumo de bebidas azucaradas en una población escolar de Bogotá, Colombia, pertenecientes al estudio FUPRECOL. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en 8136 niños y adolescentes en edad escolar entre 9 y 17 años de Bogotá, Colombia. El peso, la estatura, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de cintura y el porcentaje de grasa, se recogieron como marcadores antropométricos y de composición corporal. El consumo de bebidas azucaradas (bebidas carbonatadas, jugos ultra-procesados y/o Té), y los factores asociados (sexo, edad, obesidad abdominal, clasificación del IMC, grado de estudios de la madre/padre, y nivel nutricional por cuestionario “Krece plus”), se recogieron por encuesta estructurada. Se establecieron asociaciones mediante la construcción de modelos de regresión logística simple. Resultados: De la población general, el 58,4% eran mujeres. En función al sexo, los varones acusaron la mayor ingesta de “bebidas carbonatadas” con una frecuencia semanal y diaria de 70,9% y 21,0%, respectivamente, seguido de “jugos ultra- procesados” (64,4% semanal vs. 11,3% diario). En ambos sexos, la prevalencia de obesidad abdominal fue mayor en los escolares que respondieron consumir diariamente “bebidas carbonatadas” (23,3%), “jugos ultra-procesados” (13,2%) y “bebidas Té” (9,7%). La edad, el grado de educación de los padres y el nivel nutricional, se asociaron como factores predisponentes al consumo diario de “bebidas carbonatadas”. Conclusión: El consumo de bebidas azucaradas cambia por los factores analizados. Se recomiendan intervenciones integrales en las que estén involucrados los componentes nutricional y educativo entre los niños y adolescentes de Bogotá, Colombia.

Trocas gasosas e eficiência do Fotossistema II em plantas adultas de seis espécies florestais em função do suprimento de água no solo.

2015

Alterações nos componentes de trocas gasosas e eficiência do fotossistema II em genótipos de milho submetidos a estresse hídrico no pré-florecimento.

2016

Reflexões acerca do uso de bebidas alcoólicas por adolescentes

O alcoolismo entre adolescentes constitui sério problema de saúde pública. Assim sendo, este estudo é uma revisão de literatura e teve como objetivo refletir sobre o uso de álcool por adolescentes. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada por meio da busca de publicações na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Lilacs e Scielo, no período entre 2004 e 2010. Percebe-se que as ações devem acontecer de forma multidisciplinar e intersetorial, envolvendo a família, a escola e a comunidade. O enfermeiro, além de realizar a Educação em Saúde, age como coordenador desse processo, visando promover a atenção integral ao adolescente.

Variação sazonal da fotossíntese, condutância estomática e potencial da água na folha de laranjeira 'Valência'

Seasonal variation in environmental conditions may influence gas exchange rates as well as water relations in perennial species. This work was carried out to evaluate photosynthetic rates (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g) and leaf water potential (psi f ) in 'Valencia' orange trees grafted on four different rootstocks. Measurements were made twice a day: from 9h00 to 11h00 a.m. and from 1h00 to 3h00 p.m., during January, March and July. A and g were significantly lower and psif was significantly more negative, in the afternoon. The decrease in A may be related to the reduction in g, due to the increase in the vapor pressure deficit between the air and the leaf (VPDair-leaf ) in the afternoon, when temperatures are higher. In spite of the partial stomatal closure in the afternoon, the values for E were approximately the same as those measured in the morning, due to the increase in the VPDair-leaf . A decrease in A and g could also be noted from January to July, that is, from the hot and humid summer months, to the colder and drier winter ones. It was suggested that the decrease in A and g observed from January through March, may be related to the decrease in plant growth rates, which could have influenced the source-sink relationships, since the climatic conditions for both months were similar. The decrease in A and g showed in July, seems to be related to the decrease in both the night temperature and the growth rate of plants.

TEOR DE CAFEÍNA EM CAFÉS BRASILEIROS

Different brands and batches of brazilian regular and instant coffee were purchased in supermarkets of Campinas? city and analysed for caffeine content. The method used involved extraction with boiling water, clarification with saturated basic acetate and determination by high performance liquid cromatography. Analysis was carried out using a Model 6000 A solvent delivery system (Waters associates), and a Model 7125 sample injector system (Reodyne, Inc.) with a 5µl sample loop. The system was also equipped with a Waters Model M440 absorbance detector set at 254 nm. A Merck ODS 5µm column (15 cm x 4.6 mm i.d.) was used to separate the caffeine. The mobile phase was methanol:water (25:75, v/v). The caffeine content varied for different brands and types of coffee and according to the beverage preparation technique. Values in the range of 0.43 to 0.85 mg/ml and 0.61 to 0.82 mg/ml were determined in regular and instant coffee, respectively.

Imigrantes bolivianos em São Paulo : a Praça Kantuta e o futebol

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Impacto das atividades fisicas nos indicadores de saude de sujeitos adultos : programa mexa-se

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Efeitos da atividade fisica sobre o sistema locomotor e nos habitos de vida

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Atividade fisica, um paradoxo para a saude : estudo a partir de universitários recem-ingressos ao Curso de Medicina

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Surface and subsurface erosion of primary enamel by acid beverages over time

This study evaluated the influence of a cola-type soft drink and a soy-based orange juice on the surface and subsurface erosion of primary enamel, as a function of the exposure time. Seventy-five primary incisors were divided for microhardness test (n=45) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis (n=30). The specimens were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1 - artificial saliva (control); 2 - cola-type soft drink; and 3 - soy-based orange juice. Immersion cycles in the beverages were undertaken under agitation for 5 min, 3 times a day, during 60 days. Surface microhardness was measured at 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. After 60 days, specimens were bisected and subsurface microhardness was measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 200 µm from the surface exposed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (a=0.05). Groups 2 and 3 presented similar decrease of surface microhardness. Regarding subsurface microhardness, group 2 presented the lowest values. SEM images revealed that after 60 days the surfaces clearly exhibited structural loss, unlike those immersed in artificial saliva. It may be concluded that erosion of the surfaces exposed to the cola-type soft drink was more accentuated and directly proportional to the exposure time.

Sensory evaluation of black instant coffee beverage with some volatile compounds present in aromatic oil from roasted coffee

The oil obtained from Brazilian roasted coffee by supercritical CO2 extraction shows considerable aromatic properties, mainly composed by five aromatic compounds, 2-methylpyrazine; 2-furfurylalcohol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine; γ-butyrolactone and 2-furfurylacetate. Sensory analyses were used to verify the influence of a mixture of these important classes of aromatic coffee compounds (pyrazines, furans and lactones) and of the roasted coffee aromatic oil on the coffee aroma and flavour of black instant freeze and spray-dried coffee beverages. In the acceptance evaluation of the aroma, the samples prepared with freeze-dried instant coffee without the mixture of volatile compounds (sample 4) were not significantly different from the freeze-dried instant coffee in which the aromatic coffee oil was added (sample 5) and from the sample prepared with freeze-dried coffee in which the mixture of the five volatile was added (sample 3), coincidentally from the same drying process. Therefore, sample (3) did not differ from samples prepared with spray dried instant coffee without (sample 1) and to which (sample 2) the mixture of volatile was added. Therefore, with respect to this attribute, the addition of this mixture did not interfere in this drink acceptance. Taking into consideration the flavor, samples prepared with freeze-dried instant coffee in which the aromatic coffee oil was added (5) and the samples with (3) and without (4) the mixture of the five volatile was added did not differ significantly, however sample (4) did not differ from samples (1) and (2). Regarding this attribute, the addition of the aromatic oil of roasted coffee or a mixture of volatile in samples of freeze-dried instant coffee had a better acceptance than those dried by spray dryer (1) and (2). Thus, the enrichment of drinks with the aromatic oil of roasted coffee, or even with the mixture of the five components did not influence the consumer acceptance with respect to the aroma, but exerts influence with respect to flavour.

New methods to quantify NH3 volatilization from fertilized surface soil with urea

Gaseous N losses from soil are considerable, resulting mostly from ammonia volatilization linked to agricultural activities such as pasture fertilization. The use of simple and accessible measurement methods of such losses is fundamental in the evaluation of the N cycle in agricultural systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate quantification methods of NH3 volatilization from fertilized surface soil with urea, with minimal influence on the volatilization processes. The greenhouse experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 13 treatments and five replications, with the following treatments: (1) Polyurethane foam (density 20 kg m-3) with phosphoric acid solution absorber (foam absorber), installed 1, 5, 10 and 20 cm above the soil surface; (2) Paper filter with sulfuric acid solution absorber (paper absorber, 1, 5, 10 and 20 cm above the soil surface); (3) Sulfuric acid solution absorber (1, 5 and 10 cm above the soil surface); (4) Semi-open static collector; (5) 15N balance (control). The foam absorber placed 1 cm above the soil surface estimated the real daily rate of loss and accumulated loss of NH3N and proved efficient in capturing NH3 volatized from urea-treated soil. The estimates based on acid absorbers 1, 5 and 10 cm above the soil surface and paper absorbers 1 and 5 cm above the soil surface were only realistic for accumulated N-NH3 losses. Foam absorbers can be indicated to quantify accumulated and daily rates of NH3 volatilization losses similarly to an open static chamber, making calibration equations or correction factors unnecessary.