O voto em conflito de interesses no âmbito do direito societário

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o tratamento que vem sendo conferido pelo Direito Societário brasileiro ao voto proferido em conflito de interesses nas assembleias de acionistas das Sociedades Anônimas. Nesse sentido, foi analisado o tratamento dado pela legislação vigente e a interpretação tanto da jurisprudência como da doutrina relacionada. Duas correntes interpretativas predominam, quais sejam a do conflito formal e substancial de interesses. Elas propõem consequências práticas distintas: a primeira prevê a vedação ex ante do exercício de voto e a segunda o controle ex post do voto. Observa-se predominância na doutrina da interpretação materialista do conflito de interesses, e na jurisprudência da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários por interpretações formalistas. Diante desse panorama, será feito uma análise crítica dos principais argumentos trazidos pelas duas correntes que se destacam na doutrina e nas decisões da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários.

Desfibrador de cana-de-açúcar

Curso de Tecnologia Sucroalcooleira. Disciplina de Tecnologia de Produção de Açúcar. Ilustração. Dimensão: 4027x2989. Tamanho: 650Kb.

Separador de arraste no topo do evaporador

Curso de Tecnologia Sucroalcooleira. Disciplina de Tecnologia de Produção de Açúcar. Ilustração. Dimensão: 1368x707. Tamanho: 78Kb.

Separador de arraste do tipo ás de ouro

Curso de Tecnologia Sucroalcooleira. Disciplina de Tecnologia de Produção de Açúcar. Ilustração. Dimensão: 1100x626. Tamanho: 72Kb.

Separador de arraste do tipo grade

Curso de Tecnologia Sucroalcooleira. Disciplina de Tecnologia de Produção de Açúcar. Ilustração. Dimensão: 1289x491. Tamanho: 54Kb.

Bóia oceanográfica

Estão disponíveis as versões JPEG e Adobe Illustrator Artwork da ilustração.

Suporte para tubos de ensaio

Este modelo é parte de um conjunto de modelos 3D produzidos pela equipe de audiovisual da SEaD/UFSCar para o jogo de realidade virtual “O Laboratório de Química”.

Pinça

Este modelo é parte de um conjunto de modelos 3D produzidos pela equipe de audiovisual da SEaD/UFSCar para o jogo de realidade virtual “O Laboratório de Química”.

Análise da viabilidade da aplicação do aço inoxidável na Ilha da Madeira

A grande maioria das estruturas existentes atualmente contém aço na sua constituição, seja na forma de aço estrutural, seja na forma de armaduras de betão armado. A deterioração precoce do aço destas estruturas é um fenómeno muito comum e que tem acarretado grandes custos em reabilitações e reparações. O principal fator para essa deterioração precoce é o contacto de agentes agressivos, como os cloretos, com o aço que originam a sua corrosão. Na Ilha da Madeira alguns desses agentes agressivos estão presentes em grandes quantidades, promovendo a súbita corrosão do aço, fazendo com que os custos de manutenção sejam elevados. Uma das formas de evitar a corrosão do aço é através da utilização do aço inoxidável reduzindo assim os custos com manutenções ao longo da sua vida útil. Nesta dissertação pretende-se avaliar se a utilização do aço inoxidável em vez do aço carbono na Ilha da Madeira é economicamente mais vantajosa a longo prazo. Para esse fim foram elaboradas diversas tarefas. Numa fase inicial foi realizada uma análise comparativa entre o aço carbono e o aço inoxidável em termos de propriedades gerais, comportamento mecânico e regulamentação, mas também uma pesquisa sobre as aplicações e os tipos de aço inoxidável. Numa fase seguinte foram abordados mecanismos de degradação e métodos de reparação para a corrosão. Para além disso, foram determinados os tempos de vida útil de projeto, através de modelos de degradação, e estimados cenários de degradação e manutenção. Posteriormente foram dimensionados dois tipos de estruturas (betão armado e estrutura metálica) e para dois tipos de aço (aço carbono e aço inoxidável) por forma a determinar o peso dos materiais das estruturas para apurar o seu custo. Em seguida foram realizadas as análises económicas das estruturas mencionadas anteriormente face aos cenários de manutenção anteriormente realizados. As análises recaíram sobre os custos inicias das estruturas e os custos a longo prazo, para um período de vida útil de 50 anos. Em função da análise realizada pode concluir-se que na Ilha da Madeira a utilização do aço inoxidável nas estruturas metálicas, por enquanto, não é vantajosa em termos económicos. Para as estruturas de betão armado, verificou-se também que na maioria dos casos a utilização do aço carbono é a melhor opção económica a longo prazo, exceto nas estruturas perto do mar com cimentos do tipo CEM I ou CEM II/A, em que o aço inoxidável é a melhor opção, pois embora este apresente um custo inicial superior ao do aço carbono, o seu custo total a longo prazo incluindo as reparações é inferior.

Estudo da sinterização do aço inox 316L reforçado com 3% Carbeto de Tântalo - TaC

The present work shows a contribution to the studies of development and solid sinterization of a metallic matrix composite MMC that has as starter materials 316L stainless steel atomized with water, and two different Tantalum Carbide TaC powders, with averages crystallite sizes of 13.78 nm and 40.66 nm. Aiming the metallic matrix s density and hardness increase was added different nanometric sizes of TaC by dispersion. The 316L stainless steel is an alloy largely used because it s high resistance to corrosion property. Although, its application is limited by the low wear resistance, consequence of its low hardness. Besides this, it shows low sinterability and it cannot be hardened by thermal treatments traditional methods because of the austenitic structure, face centered cubic, stabilized mainly in nickel presence. Steel samples added with TaC 3% wt (each sample with different type of carbide), following a mechanical milling route using conventional mill for 24 hours. Each one of the resulted samples, as well as the pure steel sample, were compacted at 700 MPa, room temperature, without any addictive, uniaxial tension, using a 5 mm diameter cylindrical mold, and quantity calculated to obtain compacted final average height of 5 mm. Subsequently, were sintered in vacuum atmosphere, temperature of 1290ºC, heating rate of 20ºC/min, using different soaking times of 30 and 60 min and cooled at room temperature. The sintered samples were submitted to density and micro-hardness analysis. The TaC reforced samples showed higher density values and an expressive hardness increase. The complementary analysis in optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope and X ray diffractometer, showed that the TaC, processed form, contributed with the hardness increase, by densification, itself hardness and grains growth control at the metallic matrix, segregating itself to the grain boarders

Avaliação espectrofotométrica do manchamento de resinas odontológicas contendo nanopartículas

Composite resins have been subjected to structural modifications aiming at improved optical and mechanical properties. The present study consisted in an in vitro evaluation of the staining behavior of two nanohybrid resins (NH1 and NH2), a nanoparticulated resin (NP) and a microhybrid resin (MH). Samples of these materials were prepared and immersed in commonly ingested drinks, i.e., coffee, red wine and acai berry for periods of time varying from 1 to 60 days. Cylindrical samples of each resin were shaped using a metallic die and polymerized during 30 s both on the bottom and top of its disk. All samples were polished and immersed in the staining solutions. After 24 hours, three samples of each resin immersed in each solution were removed and placed in a spectrofotome ter for analysis. To that end, the samples were previously diluted in HCl at 50%. Tukey tests were carried out in the statistical analysis of the results. The results revealed that there was a clear difference in the staining behavior of each material. The nanoparticulated resin did not show better color stability compared to the microhybrid resin. Moreover, all resins stained with time. The degree of staining decreased in the sequence nanoparticulated, microhybrid, nanohybrid MH2 and MH1. Wine was the most aggressive drink followed by coffee and acai berry. SEM and image analysis revealed significant porosity on the surface of MH resin and relatively large pores on a NP sample. The NH2 resin was characterized by homogeneous dispersion of particles and limited porosity. Finally, the NH1 resin depicted the lowest porosity level. The results revealed that staining is likely related to the concentration of inorganic pa rticles and surface porosity

Sinterização de aço inoxidável reforçado com partículas nanométricas dispersas de carbeto de nióbio - NbC

Metal powder sintering appears to be promising option to achieve new physical and mechanical properties combining raw material with new processing improvements. It interest over many years and continue to gain wide industrial application. Stainless steel is a widely accepted material because high corrosion resistance. However stainless steels have poor sinterability and poor wear resistance due to their low hardness. Metal matrix composite (MMC) combining soft metallic matrix reinforced with carbides or oxides has attracted considerable attention for researchers to improve density and hardness in the bulk material. This thesis focuses on processing 316L stainless steel by addition of 3% wt niobium carbide to control grain growth and improve densification and hardness. The starting powder were water atomized stainless steel manufactured for Höganäs (D 50 = 95.0 μm) and NbC produced in the UFRN and supplied by Aesar Alpha Johnson Matthey Company with medium crystallite size 16.39 nm and 80.35 nm respectively. Samples with addition up to 3% of each NbC were mixed and mechanically milled by 3 routes. The route1 (R1) milled in planetary by 2 hours. The routes 2 (R2) and 3 (R3) milled in a conventional mill by 24 and 48 hours. Each milled samples and pure sample were cold compacted uniaxially in a cylindrical steel die (Ø 5 .0 mm) at 700 MPa, carried out in a vacuum furnace, heated at 1290°C, heating rate 20°C stand by 30 and 60 minutes. The samples containing NbC present higher densities and hardness than those without reinforcement. The results show that nanosized NbC particles precipitate on grain boundary. Thus, promote densification eliminating pores, control grain growth and increase the hardness values

Concreto celular polimérico: influência na adição de resíduo de poliéster insaturado termofixo

This work addresses the production of lightweight concrete building elements, such as plates, prefabricated slabs for pre-molded and panels of fencing, presenting a singular concrete: the Lightweight Concrete, with special properties such low density and good strength, by means of the joint use of industrial waste of thermosetting unsaturated polyesters and biodegradable foaming agent, named Polymeric Lightweight Concrete. This study covered various features of the materials used in the composition of the Polymeric Lightweight Concrete, using a planning of factorial design 23, aiming at studying of the strength, production, dosage processes, characterization of mechanical properties and microstructural analysis of the transition zone between the light artificial aggregate and the matrix of cement. The results of the mechanical strength tests were analyzed using a computational statistics tool (Statistica software) to understand the behavior and obtain the ideal quantity of each material used in the formula of the Polymeric Lightweight Concrete. The definition of the ideal formula has the purpose of obtaining a material with the lowest possible dry density and resistance to compression in accordance with NBR 12.646/92 (≥ 2.5 MPa after 28 days). In the microstructural characterization by scanning electron microscopy it was observed an influence of the materials in the process of cement hydration, showing good interaction between the wrinkled face of the residue of unsaturated polyesters thermosetting and putty and, consequently, the final strength. The attaining of an ideal formula, given the Brazilian standards, the experimental results obtained in the characterization and comparison of these results with conventional materials, confirmed that the developed Polymeric Lightweight Concrete is suitable for the production of building elements that are advantageous for construction

Obtenção de filtro cerâmico a partir da diatomita e casca de arroz carbonizada visando tratamento de efluente têxtil

The effluents released by the textile industry have high concentrations of alkali, carbohydrates, proteins, in addition to colors containing heavy metals. Therefore, a filter was prepared aiming primarily to the removal of color. In order to prepare this filter, rice hulls and diatomite were used, which have in their structure, basically amorphous hydrated silica. The silica exists in three crystalline forms: quartz, tridymite and cristobalite. In accordance with the above considerations, this study was divided into two stages; the first corresponds to the preparation of the filter and the second to carry out the tests in the effluent/filter in order to verify the efficiency of the color removal. First, the raw material was subjected to a chemical analysis and XRD, and then the diatomite was mixed, via humid, with a planetarium windmill with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % of rice husk ash. To the mixture, 5 % carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was added as a binder at room temperature. The samples were uniaxially compacted into metallic matrix of 0.3 x 0.1 cm² of area at a pressure of 167 MPa by means of hydraulic press and then sintered at temperatures of 1,000 °C, 1,200 °C and 1,400 °C for 1 h and submitted to granulometry test using laser, linear retraction, water absorption, apparent porosity and resistance to bending, DTA, TMA and XRD. To examine the pore structure of the samples scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. Also tests were carried out in a mercury porosimeter to verify the average size of the pores and real density of the samples. In the second stage, samples of the effluent were collected from a local industry, whose name will be preserved, located in Igapó, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte - RN. The effluent was first pretreated before filtration and then subjected to a treatment of flotation. The effluent was then characterized before and after filtration, with parameters of color, turbidity, suspended solids, pH, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD). Thus, through the XRD analysis the formation of cristobalite α in all samples was observed. The best average size of pore was found to be 1.75 μm with 61.04 % apparent porosity, thus obtaining an average 97.9 % color removal and 99.8 % removal of suspended solid

Caracterização Microestrutural e Tribocorrosiva de Sistemas Metalocerâmicos Odontológicos do Tipo Ni-Cr/Porcelana E Ni-Cr/Ti/Porcelana

The partial fixed prosthodontics restoration is used to rehabilitate form and function of partial or total compromised teeth, having to remain permanently joined to remainder tooth. The most useful material on prosthodontics is the feldspar porcelain, commercialized as aluminosilicate powders. Dental porcelains are presented with limited mechanical properties to rehabilitate extensive spaces. The association with Ni-Cr metallic systems (metal-ceramic system) allows that the metallic substructure compensates the fragile porcelain nature, preserving the thermal insulation and aesthetics desirable, as well as reducing the possibility of cracking during matication efforts. Cohesive flaws by low mechanical strength connect the metallic substructure to the oral environment, characterized by a electrolytic solution (saliva), by aggressive temperature, pH cyclic changes and mechanical requests. This process results on ionic liberation that could promote allergic or inflammatory responses, and/or clinical degradation of ceramometal system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of an intermediate titanium layer on the microscopic fracture behavior of porcelains on ceramometal systems. Plasma deposition of titanium films result in regular passivating oxide layers which act as barriers to protect the metallic substrate against the hazardous effects of corrosive saliva. Tribocorrosion tests were performed to simulate the oral environment and mechanical stress, making it possible the early detection of crack formation and growth on metal-ceramic systems, which estimate the adherence between the compounds of this system. Plain samples consisting of dental feldspar porcelain deposited either onto metallic substrates or titanium films were fired and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The result showed that the titanium film improved the adherence of the system compared to conventional metal-ceramic interfaces, thus holding crack propagation