Tumblrs fotográficos como lugares de memória: a profanação do acontecimento e a lógica de arquivo

From the assumption that digital photography not only opened new photographic practices, but also formulated new forms of image appropriations, including how photos are linked to our collective memory, this paper aims to study the Tumblrs pages that use historic photographs in its compositions. From the notion that the archives are an opening to the public space and a place of symbolic assignment, we will discuss the notion that the function of these photographs suffers a displacement that gives priority to the file itself as an object of interest over the event alluded. In other words, it is the file that becomes the object of the representation of a place of memory.

Ultrassonografia modo B de alta resolução modo Doppler e uso de contraste de microbolhas na avaliação testicular de gatos domésticos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Influência da vitamina D sérica na adiponectina, visfatina e resistina nas alterações histológicas no fígado de pacientes com doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento e validação de método bioanalítico aplicado em estudo de farmacocinética pré-clínica e ensaio preliminar de segurança de novo derivado de tiazolidinodiona com atividade antiinflamatória - LYSO-07

Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - FCFAR

Desenvolvimento e validação de método bioanalítico aplicado em estudo de farmacocinética pré-clínica e ensaio preliminar de segurança de novo derivado de tiazolidinodiona com atividade antiinflamatória - LYSO-07

Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - FCFAR

Comparison of two experimental models of pulmonary hypertension

Objective: To compare two models of pulmonary hypertension (monocrotaline and monocrotaline+pneumonectomy) regarding hemodynamic severity, structure of pulmonary arteries, inflammatory markers (IL-1 and PDGF), and 45-day survival. Methods: We used 80 Sprague-Dawley rats in two study protocols: structural analysis; and survival analysis. The rats were divided into four groups: control; monocrotaline (M), pneumonectomy (P), and monocrotaline+pneumonectomy (M+P). In the structural analysis protocol, 40 rats (10/group) were catheterized for the determination of hemodynamic variables, followed by euthanasia for the removal of heart and lung tissue. The right ventricle (RV) was dissected from the interventricular septum (IS), and the ratio between RV weight and the weight of the left ventricle (LV) plus IS (RV/LV+IS) was taken as the index of RV hypertrophy. In lung tissues, we performed histological analyses, as well as using ELISA to determine IL-1 and PDGF levels. In the survival protocol, 40 animals (10/group) were followed for 45 days. Results: The M and M+P rats developed pulmonary hypertension, whereas the control and P rats did not. The RV/LV+IS ratio was significantly higher in M+P rats than in M rats, as well as being significantly higher in M and M+P rats than in control and P rats. There were no significant differences between the M and M+P rats regarding the area of the medial layer of the pulmonary arteries; IL-1 and PDGF levels; or survival. Conclusions: On the basis of our results, we cannot conclude that the monocrotaline+pneumonectomy model is superior to the monocrotaline model.

Estudo retrospectivo de ferimentos cardíacos ocorridos em Manaus/AM

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as formas de tratamento empregadas e os principais aspectos relacionados à morbidade e à mortalidade dos ferimentos cardíacos.. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 102 doentes com lesão cardíaca, atendidos nos dois prontos socorros de Manaus (Pronto Socorro Municipal 28 de Agosto e Hospital Pronto Socorro Dr. João Lúcio P. Machado) no período de janeiro de 1998 a junho de 2006. RESULTADOS: Dos 102 doentes, 95,1% eram homens; a média de idade foi 27 anos; ferimentos por arma branca representaram 81,4% dos casos, contra 18,6% por arma de fogo; cardiorrafia foi realizada em 98,1% dos casos. As câmaras cardíacas atingidas foram: VD: 43,9% (36,2% isoladamente e 7,7% associada a outras câmaras); VE: 37,2%; AD: 8,5% e AE: 10,4%, com mortalidades específicas de 21%, 23%, 22% e 45%, respectivamente. Lesões de duas câmaras associadas alcançaram mortalidade de 37,5%, sendo 20% para VD+AD, 100% para VD+VE e zero para VD+AE. O pulmão correspondeu a 33,7% de 89 lesões associadas. Os tempos médios de cirurgia e de internação foram de 121 minutos e 8,2 dias, respectivamente. Cerca de 22,5% complicaram representando 41 complicações. A mortalidade foi 28,4%. Lesões grau IV e V corresponderam a 55% e 41% dos casos, com mortalidade específica de 26% e 15%, respectivamente. Todos os doentes com lesão grau VI morreram. CONCLUSÃO: O ferimentos cardíacos por arma branca estiveram associados a menor mortalidade, as lesões cardíacas grau IV estiveram associadas à maior mortalidade e um menor tempo operatório esteve associado à maior gravidade e mortalidade.

Estudo in vivo do comportamento de bioprótese liofilizada: seguimento de 3 meses em carneiros jovens

OBJETIVO: Para melhorar as propriedades mecânicas e imunogênicas, o glutaraldeído é utilizado no tratamento do pericárdio bovino que é utilizado em biopróteses. A liofilização do pericárdio bovino tratado com glutaraldeído diminui os radicais aldeído, com provável redução do potencial para calcificação. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos da liofilização em biopróteses valvares de pericárdio bovino como mecanismo protetor na diminuição da disfunção estrutural valvar. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado o implante de biopróteses de pericárdio bovino tratado com glutaraldeído, liofilizadas ou não, em carneiros de 6 meses de idade, sendo os animais eutanasiados com 3 meses de seguimento. As biopróteses foram implantadas em posição pulmonar, com auxílio de circulação extracorpórea. Um grupo controle e outro grupo liofilizado foram avaliados quanto ao gradiente ventrículo direito/artéria pulmonar (VD/AP) no implante e explante; análise quantitativa de cálcio; inflamação; trombose e pannus. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: O gradiente médio VD/AP, no grupo controle, no implante, foi 2,04 ± 1,56 mmHg e, no grupo de liofilização, foi 6,61 ± 4,03 mmHg. No explante, esse gradiente aumentou para 7,71 ± 3,92 mmHg e 8,24 ± 6,2 mmHg, respectivamente, nos grupos controle e liofilização. O teor de cálcio médio, após 3 meses, nas biopróteses do grupo controle foi 21,6 ± 39,12 µg Ca+2/mg de peso seco, em comparação com um teor médio de 41,19 ± 46,85 µg Ca+2/mg de peso seco no grupo liofilizado (P = 0,662). CONCLUSÃO: A liofilização de próteses valvares com pericárdio bovino tratado com glutaraldeído não demonstrou diminuição da calcificação neste experimento.

Hydroxocobalamin quantification in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in a pharmacokinetic study

A rapid, sensitive and specific method for quantifying hydroxocobalamin in human plasma using paracetamol as the internal standard (IS) is described. The analyte and the IS were extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using an organic solvent (ethanol 100%; -20°C). The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS). Chromatography was performed on Prevail C8 3 μm, analytical column (2.1×100 mm i.d.). The method had a chromatographic run time of 3.4 min and a linear calibration curve over the range 5-400 ng.mL-1 (r>0.9983). The limit of quantification was 5 ng.mL-1. The method was also validated without the use of the internal standard. The precision in the intra-batch validation with IS was 9.6%, 8.9%, 1.0% and 2.8% whereas without IS was 9.2%, 8.2%, 1.8% and 1.5% for 5, 15, 80 and 320 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy in intra-batch validation with IS was 108.9%, 99.9%, 98.9% and 99.0% whereas without IS was 101.1%, 99.3%, 97.5% and 92.5% for 5, 15, 80 and 320 ng/mL, respectively. The precision in the inter-batch validation with IS was 9.4%, 6.9%, 4.6% and 5.5% whereas without IS was 10.9%, 6.4%, 5.0% and 6.2% for 5, 15, 80 and 320 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy in inter-batch validation with IS was 101.9%, 104.1%, 103.2% and 99.7% whereas without IS was 94.4%, 101.2%, 101.6% and 96.0% for 5, 15, 80 and 320 ng/mL, respectively. This HPLC-MS-MS procedure was used to assess the pharmacokinetics of Hydroxo cobalamin following intramuscular injection 5000 μg in healthy volunteers of both sexes (10 males and 10 females). The volunteers had the following clinical characteristics (according to gender and expressed as mean ± SD [range]): males: age: 32.40 ± 8.00 y [23.00-46.00], height: 1.73 ± 0.07 m [1.62-1.85], body weight: 72.48 ± 10.22 Kg [60.20- 88.00]; females: age: 28.60 ± 9.54 y [18.00-44.00], height: 1.60 ± 0.05 m [1.54-1.70], body weight: 58.64 ± 6.09 Kg [51.70- 66.70]. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from the hydroxocobalamin plasma concentration vs. time curves: AUClast, T1/2, Tmax, Vd, Cl, Cmax and Clast. The pharmacokinetic parameters were 120 (± 25) ng/mL for Cmax, 2044 (± 641) ng.h/mL for AUClast, 8 (± 3.2) ng.mL-1 for Clast, 38 (± 15.8) hr for T1/2 and 2.5 (range 1-6) hr for Tmax. Female volunteers presented significant (p=0.0136) lower AUC (1706 ± 704) ng.h/mL) and larger (p=0.0205) clearance (2.91 ± 1.41 L/hr), as compared to male 2383 ± 343 ng.h/mL and 1.76 ± 0.23 L/hr, respectively. These pharmacokinetic differences could explain the higher prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in female patients. The method described validated well without the use of the internal standard and this approach should be investigated in other HPLC-MS-MS methods.

Capacidad de salto en niñas prepúberes que practican gimnasia rítmica

[ES] Estudiamos el rendimiento en el salto vertical y como podría verse afectado por la composición corporal en 13 niñas que practicaban gimnasia rítmica (GR; 10.4 ± 0.9 años) y13 niñas control (CO; 9.9 ± 0.7 años). La composición corporal fue determinada mediante antropometría y DXA. Se realizaron saltos con y sin contramovimiento (CMJ y SJ) sobre una plataforma de fuerza analizándose entre otras variables la altura de vuelo (AV), velocidad de despegue (VD), velocidad vertical máxima del centro de masas (Vimax), la potencia media(Pm), el impulso mecánico positivo (Ipos), tiempo de fuerza máxima (Tfmax) y potencia instantánea máxima (Pimax). Las gimnastas consiguieron una AV, VD, Ipos y Vimax mayor en ambos saltos y una Pm, Tfmax y Pimax mayores en el CMJ que las control (p<0.05). En conclusión, practicar gimnasia rítmica se asocia a un mayor rendimiento en el salto vertical.

Der Austausch von Carbonylsulfid (COS) zwischen Vegetation und Atmosphäre unter erhöhter CO 2-Umgebungskonzentration

The responses of photosynthetic plant gas exchange, COS uptake and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity were studied on Quercus ilex (Holm oak), and beech Fagus sylvatica L

Diffusivity and enzymatic activity control the exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between soils and the atmosphere

Carbonylsulfid (COS) ist eines der stabilsten reduzierten schwefelhaltigen Spurengase in der Atmosphäre. In der gut durchmischten Troposphäre bewegt sich seine Konzentration um 500 ppt. COS spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Produktion von stratosphärischem Aerosol und im Ozon Zyklus. Dieses Spurengas hat eine Vielfalt an natürlichen und anthropogenen Quellen, denen gleichstarke Senken, darunter die dominanten wie Vegetation und Boden, gegenüber stehen. Die Stärke der Senken ist trotz langjähriger Forschungen immer noch Gegenstand der Diskussionen. Daher ist es wichtig die kontrollierenden Parameter zu charakterisieren. Alle Austauschmessungen vor 1990 vermuteten Böden als Quelle von COS, was aber durch Castro and Galloway (1991) klar widerlegt wurde. Heute werden Böden in Ergänzung zur Vegetation grundsätzlich als Senke betrachtet. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden Bodenproben auf den Austausch von Carbonylsulfid mit der Atmosphäre unter verschiedenen Umgebungsbedingungen untersucht. Drei Ackerböden aus Deutschland, China und Finnland und zwei Waldböden aus Sibirien und Surinam konnten parametrisiert werden in Relation zur atmosphärischen Umgebungskonzentration, Temperatur und Bodenfeuchte (WC). Neben Umgebungskonzentration und Bodenfeuchte, scheinen Bodenstruktur und enzymatische Aktivität die Richtung und Größe des Austauschflusses zu kontrollieren. Die übereinstimmenden Optima für boreale Böden in Relation zum wassergefüllten Porenvolumen des Bodens (WFPS) und die Linearität zwischen Depositionsgeschwindigkeit (Vd) und Bulk density lassen auf eine Dominanz der Abhängigkeit der COS-Aufnahme von der durch WFPS bestimmten Diffusionsfähigkeit schließen. WFPS ist abhängig von WC, Bodenstruktur und Bodenporosität. In Ergänzung zu diesen eher physikalischen Parametern konnte die Carboanhydrase (CA) als kontrollierendes Enzym in Böden identifiziert werden. Erste Versuche zur direkten Bestimmung der CA in den untersuchten Böden erlaubten eine erste, aber noch sehr ungenaue Abschätzung der Enzymaktivität.

La cardiomiopatia aritmogena come causa di scompenso cardiaco e trapianto di cuore

Scopo dello studio: la cardiomiopatia aritmogena (CA) è conosciuta come causa di morte improvvisa, la sua relazione con lo scompenso cardiaco (SC) è stata scarsamente indagata. Scopo dello studio è la definizione della prevalenza e incidenza dello SC, nonché della fisiopatologia e delle basi morfologiche che conducono i pazienti con CA a SC e trapianto di cuore. Metodi: abbiamo analizzato retrospettivamente 64 pazienti con diagnosi di CA e confrontato i dati clinici e strumentali dei pazienti con e senza SC (NYHA III-IV). Abbiamo analizzato i cuori espiantati dei pazienti sottoposti a trapianto presso i centri di Bologna e Padova. Risultati: la prevalenza dello SC alla prima osservazione era del 14% e l’incidenza del 2,3% anno-persona. Sedici pazienti (23%) sono stati sottoposti a trapianto. I pazienti con SC erano più giovani all’esordio dei sintomi (46±16 versus 37±12 anni, p=0.04); il ventricolo destro (VD) era più dilatato e ipocinetico all’ecocardiogramma (RVOT 41±6 versus 37±7 mm, p=0.03; diametro telediastolico VD 38±11 versus 28±8 mm, p=0.0001; frazione di accorciamento 23%±7 versus 32%±11, p= 0.002). Il ventricolo sinistro (VS) era lievemente più dilatato (75±29 ml/m2 versus 60±19, p= 0.0017) e globalmente più ipocinetico (frazione di eiezione = 35%±14 versus 57%±12, p= 0.001). Il profilo emodinamico dei pazienti sottoposti a trapianto era caratterizzato da un basso indice cardiaco (1.8±0.2 l/min/m2) con pressione capillare e polmonare tendenzialmente normale (12±8 mmHg e 26±10 mmHg). L’analisi dettagliata dei 36 cuori dei pazienti trapiantati ha mostrato sostituzione fibro-adiposa transmurale nel VD e aree di fibrosi nel VS. Conclusioni: Nella CA lo SC può essere l’unico sintomo alla presentazione e condurre a trapianto un rilevante sottogruppo di pazienti. Chi sviluppa SC è più giovane, ha un interessamento del VD più severo accanto a un costante interessamento del VS, solo lievemente dilatato e ipocinetico, con sostituzione prevalentemente fibrosa.

Visual disturbance following sclerotherapy for varicose veins, reticular veins and telangiectasias: a systematic literature review

The objective of the study was to review the literature reporting visual disturbance (VD) following sclerotherapy for varicose veins. Underlying mechanisms will be discussed. A literature search of the databases Medline and Google Scholar was performed. Original articles including randomized trials, case series and case reports reporting VD in humans following sclerotherapy for varicose veins were included. Additional references were also obtained if they had been referenced in related publications. The search yielded 4948 results of which 25 reports were found to meet the inclusion criteria. In larger series with at least 500 included patients the prevalence of VD following sclerotherapy ranges from 0.09% to 2%. In most reports foam sclerotherapy was associated with VD (19); exclusive use of liquid sclerosant was reported in two cases, some reports included foam and liquid sclerosant (4). There were no persistent visual disorders reported. VD occurred with polidocanol and sodium tetradecyl sulphate in different concentrations (0.25-3%). Various forms of foam preparation including various ways of foam production and the liquid - air ratio (1 or 2 parts of liquid mixed with 3, 4 or 5 parts of air) were reported in association with the occurrence of VD. VDs following sclerotherapy for varicose veins are rare and all reported events were transient. Bubble embolism or any kind of embolism seems unlikely to be the only underlying mechanism. A systemic inflammatory response following sclerotherapy has been suggested. Further research to clarify the mechanism of action of sclerosants is required.

Deadspace estimation from CO2 versus molar mass measurements in infants

BACKGROUND: Estimation of respiratory deadspace is often based on the CO2 expirogram, however presence of the CO2 sensor increases equipment deadspace, which in turn influences breathing pattern and calculation of lung volume. In addition, it is necessary to correct for the delay between the sensor and flow signals. We propose a new method for estimation of effective deadspace using the molar mass (MM) signal from an ultrasonic flowmeter device, which does not require delay correction. We hypothesize that this estimation is correlated with that calculated from the CO2 signal using the Fowler method. METHODS: Breath-by-breath CO2, MM and flow measurements were made in a group of 77 term-born healthy infants. Fowler deadspace (Vd,Fowler) was calculated after correcting for the flow-dependent delay in the CO2 signal. Deadspace estimated from the MM signal (Vd,MM) was defined as the volume passing through the flowhead between start of expiration and the 10% rise point in MM. RESULTS: Correlation (r = 0.456, P < 0.0001) was found between Vd,MM and Vd,Fowler averaged over all measurements, with a mean difference of -1.4% (95% CI -4.1 to 1.3%). Vd,MM ranged from 6.6 to 11.4 ml between subjects, while Vd,Fowler ranged from 5.9 to 12.0 ml. Mean intra-measurement CV over 5-10 breaths was 7.8 +/- 5.6% for Vd,MM and 7.8 +/- 3.7% for Vd,Fowler. Mean intra-subject CV was 6.0 +/- 4.5% for Vd,MM and 8.3 +/- 5.9% for Vd,Fowler. Correcting for the CO2 signal delay resulted in a 12% difference (P = 0.022) in Vd,Fowler. Vd,MM could be obtained more frequently than Vd,Fowler in infants with CLD, with a high variability. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the MM signal provides a feasible estimate of Fowler deadspace without introducing additional equipment deadspace. The simple calculation without need for delay correction makes individual adjustment for deadspace in FRC measurements possible. This is especially important given the relative large range of deadspace seen in this homogeneous group of infants.