Uso sustentável de pesticidas : análise comparativa entre a União Europeia e o Brasil

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências do Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

Os degraus da implementação efetiva no Brasil: como as regulamentações locais de acesso à informação impactam na implementação de portais de dados abertos e transparência

2015 Open Data Research Symposium, 27th May 2015, Ottawa, Canada

Combater as secas e defender as florestas a natureza nos desafios da ciência e da técnica para modernizar o Brasil (1889 a 1934)

In the first decades of 20th century the just instituted Brazilian Republic faced the challenge to modernize the country. Considering that the progress was associated with the exhaustion of the forest reserves and with climatic changes, two big issues were seen as fundamental: To Fight the Droughts and To Defend the Forests; headed by professionals who were dedicated to these ideals. This research starts from the premise that these were the main challenges enforced by nature to the Brazilian development; the general objective was delimited in the search to understand the meaning and the conception of the natural world by this group of professionals who faced the shock between modernizing the country and conserving its natural resources. Aiming to contribute with the construction of the Brazilian environmental history and to bring historical elements to the debate about the environment in the country, the author concentrates his attention to the analyses, the discussions and the actions that preceded the regulation on the use of natural resources and the implementation of the environmental legislation in Brazil, occurred in 1934. The investigation uses as methodological basis the theoretical directions of environmental history, using sources of data still little explored and valued. In such way, it is taken as starting point some published papers about this subject during the period between 1889 and 1934 in two technical magazines the Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril and the Revista do Club de Engenharia. National engineering played a basic role in this process while arguing, projecting and constructing the development. The formulated proposals, after being divulged, had fomented the interchange with other professionals and had favored the advance of ambient questions in Brazil, in the sense to preserve natural resources, to construct more harmonic relations between the society and the nature and to equate the development with the environment preservation

Henrique Novaes: técnica, território e cidade em uma trajetória profissional: Brasil, primeira metade do século XX

The career of civil engineer Henrique de Novaes, a remarkable figure in the academic, technical and political fields, demonstrates its extensive and relevant work across Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. It covered from the design of water supply and sewage works, road and rail transport networks, works against drought in the Northeast, hydroelectric and harbor facilities to the urbanization planning and architectural projects, which displays a systematic and multiple production. City and territory conformed to his fields of verification, practical and above all, transformation. The search for understanding of the inclusion of a social actor in this process thus contributes to the specific analysis of the doings of Henrique de Novaes, who graduated at Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. From a polymorphic activity in different scales, one tries to figure how, through academic education or professional practice, urban history in Brazil can be told or built. The introduction of technological innovations matched the purposes of planning and urban sprawl, as well as met the specifications of regulation and institutionalization of public infrastructure services at the time. The overall plans proposed by the engineer thought of the city as a whole, interconnected to the structural networks. At the same time, the knowledge of a larger physical scale the territory bounces back in the urban in a relationship of reciprocity and completeness. The objective research, therefore, tries to understand the roles played by Henrique de Novaes s works and academic education in the accomplishment of systematic modernization of Brazilian urban space and territory, recovering a little known historical figure by current historiography. It is proposed, as methodological axis, that the study of this professional career configures itself as an essential element for understanding the idea of progress embodied in the technical studies and proposals for improvements and sanitation nationwide in the first half of the twentieth century . The primary sources for the construction of this analysis were technical articles in journals of the period ( Clube de Engenharia , Viação e Revista Brasileira de Engenharia ), and technical reports, government messages, newspaper articles published at the time, autobiographical reports and the engineer s verbal communications with relatives. The work is structured in three chapters: "Biographical traces, academic education and 'technical and political' activities" illustrates the initiation into the technical, public and political environment; Chapter 2, "Technique and territory" outlines his network understanding through sanitation and transport services; Chapter 3 "Technique and City" describes the influence of polytechnics knowledge on the propositions of modernization of cities; Finally, "Final Thoughts: An Evaluation," presents an overview of the affiliations and practice of an engineer in the different scales, and its contribution to the modernization of Brazilian urban and territorial space

Transparência das informações públicas nos portais das instituições federais de educação profissional da região sul do Brasil

Considering the need of communication between public management and society and its citizens, in a way which is more effective and transparent, the aim of this research was to analyze the transparency of public information presented by the managers of the portals of southern Brazil’s Federal Institutes. It is a qualitative and quantitative research, applied as its purpose, and exploratory as its aim. In order to explain the issue from the theoretical frameworks published, it will be used as a procedure the bibliographic research and the further study field research in the six southern Brazil’s Federal Institutes. Therefore, the theoretical framework approaches aspects about public transparency, concepts of information and communication in the public sector, and it presents measurement indexes of public transparency. The data collection with the Institutes sought to measure – in the portals – the level of transparency of the information presented by the managers, applying a search tool which provided the transparency index of eleven categories of the researched items, besides verifying the presence of the required items by Access to Information Law. In the sequence, it sought to verify the Institutes managers’ perception of the aspects which composes the proposed theme, for the purpose of observing how the process of communication between public agencies and the citizen is happening. The main results obtained emphasize, in a general way, a low level of public information propagation, with a lower average of propagation to the information about social, environmental and economic responsibility, and a greater average to the information related to the institution’s general data – from its management structure to its ordinance. It was also observed that no institution which was researched fully comply with the demands of the Access of Information Law. The results about the manager perceptio demonstrate a tendency in publishing the produced information, however, elements such disorganization of information in the portals, lack of standardization of the virtual structure and type of language to use, and lack of procedures of popular participation and interaction in the portals are determiners to bring problems in the access and in the communication with the public. Besides, the short time of institutions’ creation and the short time of the managers assuming their functions must be considered as a reflex of the found results. Therewith, the present study highlighted the importance of Public Transparency theme and it reached a positive result to a scientific and social contribution.

A inserção da educação ambiental não formal no processo de implantação de saneamento ambiental na comunidade rural Colonia Mergulhão, São José dos Pinhais - PR

One of the biggest environmental problems of the population is the lack of sewage treatment, especially in rural communities and low-income. The development of technologies for efficient, low-cost sanitation need to be developed to meet the disadvantaged people of this basic service. This work was the implementation proposal of a technology called constructed wetlands, also known as Wastewater Treatment Plant for Roots Zone - ETEZR. The objective was to develop a non- formal environmental education proposal for redevelopment, using outreach methods for residents and deployment of this technology ETEZR in the rural community of Cologne Grebe in Sao Jose dos Pinhais - PR. With technical support from the Paranaense Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Institute -EMATER and the Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR, 5 ETEZR were deployed in the colony through three theoretical and practical workshops, which involved total 67 people from the community 5 technicians EMATER and 13 of the Municipal Town Hall. Após4 months of implementation were carried out two collections of raw wastewater and treated to analyze physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results evaluated by chemical parameters BOD, COD, phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen comparing raw and treated sewage, demonstrate that ETEZR are effective in the treatment of sewage. 5 Seasons minimum and maximum efficiency between the basic parameters analyzed were 52.2 to 95.5% for BOD; 47 to 94.5% for COD; 21.5 to 96% phosphorus; 30-98% for ammonia nitrogen. Oils and greases, and a series of solid also achieved a significant reduction in their values when comparing the raw sewage and treated sewage, and biological parameters evaluated by means of coliforms showed a reduction of 80 to 99%. With the implementation of environmental education process aimed sanitation was possible to evaluate the perception of the population to accept the environmental sanitation technology using the ETEZR, understand the needs and sanitation concepts for the community. This research evaluated the development of the methodology applied by the non-formal environmental education in order to provide subsidies for rural sanitation plan process for the municipality.

Combater as secas e defender as florestas a natureza nos desafios da ciência e da técnica para modernizar o Brasil (1889 a 1934)

In the first decades of 20th century the just instituted Brazilian Republic faced the challenge to modernize the country. Considering that the progress was associated with the exhaustion of the forest reserves and with climatic changes, two big issues were seen as fundamental: To Fight the Droughts and To Defend the Forests; headed by professionals who were dedicated to these ideals. This research starts from the premise that these were the main challenges enforced by nature to the Brazilian development; the general objective was delimited in the search to understand the meaning and the conception of the natural world by this group of professionals who faced the shock between modernizing the country and conserving its natural resources. Aiming to contribute with the construction of the Brazilian environmental history and to bring historical elements to the debate about the environment in the country, the author concentrates his attention to the analyses, the discussions and the actions that preceded the regulation on the use of natural resources and the implementation of the environmental legislation in Brazil, occurred in 1934. The investigation uses as methodological basis the theoretical directions of environmental history, using sources of data still little explored and valued. In such way, it is taken as starting point some published papers about this subject during the period between 1889 and 1934 in two technical magazines the Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril and the Revista do Club de Engenharia. National engineering played a basic role in this process while arguing, projecting and constructing the development. The formulated proposals, after being divulged, had fomented the interchange with other professionals and had favored the advance of ambient questions in Brazil, in the sense to preserve natural resources, to construct more harmonic relations between the society and the nature and to equate the development with the environment preservation

Henrique Novaes: técnica, território e cidade em uma trajetória profissional: Brasil, primeira metade do século XX

The career of civil engineer Henrique de Novaes, a remarkable figure in the academic, technical and political fields, demonstrates its extensive and relevant work across Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. It covered from the design of water supply and sewage works, road and rail transport networks, works against drought in the Northeast, hydroelectric and harbor facilities to the urbanization planning and architectural projects, which displays a systematic and multiple production. City and territory conformed to his fields of verification, practical and above all, transformation. The search for understanding of the inclusion of a social actor in this process thus contributes to the specific analysis of the doings of Henrique de Novaes, who graduated at Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. From a polymorphic activity in different scales, one tries to figure how, through academic education or professional practice, urban history in Brazil can be told or built. The introduction of technological innovations matched the purposes of planning and urban sprawl, as well as met the specifications of regulation and institutionalization of public infrastructure services at the time. The overall plans proposed by the engineer thought of the city as a whole, interconnected to the structural networks. At the same time, the knowledge of a larger physical scale the territory bounces back in the urban in a relationship of reciprocity and completeness. The objective research, therefore, tries to understand the roles played by Henrique de Novaes s works and academic education in the accomplishment of systematic modernization of Brazilian urban space and territory, recovering a little known historical figure by current historiography. It is proposed, as methodological axis, that the study of this professional career configures itself as an essential element for understanding the idea of progress embodied in the technical studies and proposals for improvements and sanitation nationwide in the first half of the twentieth century . The primary sources for the construction of this analysis were technical articles in journals of the period ( Clube de Engenharia , Viação e Revista Brasileira de Engenharia ), and technical reports, government messages, newspaper articles published at the time, autobiographical reports and the engineer s verbal communications with relatives. The work is structured in three chapters: "Biographical traces, academic education and 'technical and political' activities" illustrates the initiation into the technical, public and political environment; Chapter 2, "Technique and territory" outlines his network understanding through sanitation and transport services; Chapter 3 "Technique and City" describes the influence of polytechnics knowledge on the propositions of modernization of cities; Finally, "Final Thoughts: An Evaluation," presents an overview of the affiliations and practice of an engineer in the different scales, and its contribution to the modernization of Brazilian urban and territorial space

Entre discursos e práticas : as relações entre estados (pluri) nacionais e povos indígenas no Brasil e na Bolívia a partir do direito de consulta

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Centro de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação sobre as Américas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Comparados sobre as Américas, 2015.

TESE = Arranjos institucionais e o sistema de inovação em nanomedicina no Brasil

Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul como requisito para obtenção do título de Doutor (a) em Administração.

A RELAÇÃO PLANEJAMENTO URBANO E QUALIDADE DE VIDA: ANÁLISE SOBRE A CIDADE DE CAMPINAS – SP, BRASIL

A rápida urbanização e acelerada modernização da maioria das cidades dos países ditos de terceiro mundo, desencadeiam problemas que hoje são causadores de grandes conflitos, esses problemas por sua vez são decorrentes de falhas no planejamento urbano e ambiental, que por sua vez são resultantes do uso indevido dos recursos naturais e deficiente distribuição das riquezas dos municípios. A qualidade de vida está diretamente relacionada com problemas como enchentes, alagamentos, precariedade no sistema de saúde, educação e transporte; ocupação desordenada, construções habitacionais irregulares, poluição dos córregos, deficiência de saneamento básico, ausência de locais públicos de lazer, poluição do ar, sonora e visual; qualidade da água potável entre outros. Campinas como um dos canais de industrialização e concentração populacional do estado de São Paulo demonstra como o planejamento pode influenciar de forma expressiva no desenvolvimento social e econômico. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho, por meio de respaldo teórico multidisciplinar, analisa a qualidade de vida relacionada à qualidade ambiental, que por sua vez está atrelada à gestão dos recursos naturais e ao planejamento urbano, usando como recorte espacial alguns bairros da cidade de Campinas-SP e demonstrando o potencial que a geografia oferece para esses estudos

SISTEMA DE INDICADORES E DESIGUALDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL INTRAURBANA DE SÃO LUÍS-MA; BRASIL

Aplicação de um sistema de indicadores intraurbano à cidade de São Luís para mensurar a sua desigualdade socioambiental. O sistema de indicadores foi dividido em quatro dimensões: Habitabilidade, Saneamento, Educação e Renda. Para compor as dimensões, foram utilizados os dados secundários do censo IBGE/2000, desagregados ao nível dos 780 setores censitários de São Luís (MA). A análise estatística dos dados foi fundamentada em técnicas multivariadas, a saber: Análise Fatorial (AF) e Análise de Clusters (AC). Para representação cartográfica das desigualdades foram confeccionados mapas através do programa ArcGIS versão 9.3. As desigualdades intraurbanas revelaram grandes discrepâncias quanto aos indicadores de acesso ao serviço de coleta de esgotos, seguido do serviço de coleta de resíduos sólidos e abastecimento de água. A dimensão renda do responsável foi o tópico que revelou a maior discrepância em relação às demais dimensões avaliadas. Através do sistema de indicadores intraurbanos, concluiu-se que espaço urbano é social e ambientalmente desigual.  

RESERVATÓRIO BATATÃ: IMPORTÂNCIA HÍDRICA E CONFLITOS DE USO E OCUPAÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO LUÍS, MARANHÃO / BRASIL

A Ilha do Maranhão apresenta uma densidade demográfica em torno de 1.000 hab/km² (IBGE, 2004), e seus espaços estão sendo preenchidos, muitas vezes, sem prévio conhecimento das vulnerabilidades e potencialidades. O Reservatório Batatã está localizado dentro do Parque Estadual do Bacanga (PEB), sua potencialidade hídrica é responsável por abastecer cerca de 20% da população de São Luís e nos últimos anos este parque vem perdendo espaço. Para a análise da conjuntura sócio-ambiental adotou-se o método fenomenológico e estruturalista o qual permitiu tecer considerações sobre o cenário da água genuinamente ludovicense, bem como modelo geológico-geotécnico. O abastecimento de água em São Luís é realizado pela contribuição de água superficial e subterrânea representado pelo Sistema Sacavém, Sistema Paciência I e II, sistemas de poços isolados e o Italuís. Todos genuinamente ludovicense exceto o Italuis que faz parte da bacia do Rio Itapecuru sendo responsáveis por 50% do abastecimento de água da cidade. As áreas de mananciais sofrem os conflitos de uso e ocupação. A Ilha sendo um ecossistema estuarino, espaço limitado e com ocupações sem planejamento prévio, vem perdendo áreas estratégicas de mananciais (recargas) pela falta de investimento no setor de saneamento e de uma gestão eficaz.

ANÁLISE DAS POLÍTICAS DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA ÁREA MARINHA DO LITORAL NORTE DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL

O trabalho analisa a eficácia das políticas ambientais na área marinha do Litoral Norte de São Paulo, com base no levantamento e análise da legislação vigente, do material bibliográfico e cartográfico existente, entrevistas e trabalhos de campo. O principal instrumento de ordenamento territorial compreendendo a área marinha é o Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico regional instituído em 2004, atualmente em fase de revisão, sendo identificados diversos problemas quanto à sua aplicação. Uma importante iniciativa governamental foi a criação da Área de Proteção Ambiental Marinha do Litoral Norte em 2008, atualmente com o Conselho Gestor constituído e diversas ações em desenvolvimento. Os principais desafios para a gestão ambiental da área marinha são: a estruturação dos órgãos competentes para a melhoria do licenciamento, fiscalização e proteção ambiental; a resolução da questão fundiária e das atividades possíveis nas ilhas; o ordenamento e regulamentação da pesca, do turismo e demais atividades no setor marinho. Em face dos empreendimentos previstos para a região, com forte influência no setor marinho, como o Projeto de Exploração de Gás de Mexilhão, e o projeto de ampliação do Porto de São Sebastião, faz-se necessária uma gestão ambiental mais eficiente e integrada entre as instituições atuantes na área.