Fatores indutores à evolução da gestão ambiental na indústria: uma abordagem pela Teoria Institucional.

A poluição figura como a principal causadora dos altos impactos ambientais provocando danos à sociedade, à fauna e a flora com degradação e comprometimento do meio ambiente. Somado a esse fato, existe outra fundamental consideração quanto à utilização e desperdício de recursos naturais advindos da produção de bens que visa expandir-se sempre uma vez que busca a ampliação dos mercados e consequentemente do consumo. As organizações industriais são apontadas como grandes responsáveis pela contribuição e acirramento desses problemas. Entretanto, com a inclusão de variáveis sociais e ambientais na condução das atividades empresariais, nota-se uma adoção de práticas diferenciadas para uma prevenção à poluição, maior eficiência e diminuição do uso de recursos naturais. Esta pesquisa tem como principal objetivo identificar em que etapas de gestão se encontram as empresas industriais brasileiras dos segmentos de transformação e os fatores indutores que as levam a adotar a gestão diferenciada, como a produção mais limpa. A investigação se deu mediante survey com posterior Análise Fatorial por Componentes Principais para destacar as variáveis mais relevantes e aplicada Regressão Linear Múltipla para verificar a evolução da gestão ambiental, os fatores motivadores mais influentes e a percepção dos gestores quanto às pressões sofridas, segundo preceitos da Teoria Institucional. Foi possível constatar que as empresas evoluíram positivamente sobre os entendimentos do meio ambiente nas atividades gerenciais nos últimos anos, e que a pressão coercitiva é um fator relevante na gestão das empresas gaúchas e fluminenses. Contudo, o meio ambiente ainda não é abordado de forma estruturada e sistematizada por tais empresas.

Redução do impacto ambiental da escória de obtenção de chumbo por via secundária

O processo de produção de chumbo, a partir da reciclagem de baterias ácido-chumbo, gera uma grande quantidade de resíduo sólido durante a etapa de fundição, quando, então, o chumbo é recuperado na sua forma metálica. As impurezas presentes nas matérias-primas, juntamente com outros materiais adicionados para promover as reações necessárias ao referido processo, formam a escória proveniente de fornos de fundição de chumbo. Essa escória é um resíduo de alta alcalinidade, sendo essencialmente constituída de ferro, e com concentrações menores de enxofre, sódio e chumbo. Outros metais, que estão como impurezas nas matérias-primas, também são encontrados em pequenas concentrações. Por ser o resíduo de maior geração na indústria de reciclagem de baterias, em torno de 15 a 30% em massa do material que entra no forno de redução forma a escória, ter um alto custo econômico e representar um grande passivo ambiental relacionado à sua geração e disposição final, a escória é estudada neste trabalho. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é o estudo da possibilidade de minimização do impacto ambiental ocasionado pela geração desta escória, focando-se tanto na minimização da sua geração, quanto da sua periculosidade em relação à norma brasileira NBR 10004 para a classificação de resíduos sólidos. A primeira etapa do trabalho constituiu-se da caracterização do resíduo quanto à sua composição química, efeito ambiental, composição mineralógica e estrutural. A caracterização química do resíduo envolveu a sua análise por espectrometria de emissão atômica; a caracterização quanto ao efeito ambiental envolveu ensaios de lixiviação e solubilização e análise do pH; a caracterização mineralógica foi feita por meio da difração de raios X e a caracterização estrutural foi realizada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Após, foram verificadas as condições operacionais do processo com o propósito de identificar possíveis modificações no mesmo. Paralelamente, partiu-se para a sua simulação no aplicativo FactSage versão 5.3.1, na qual foram modificadas as condições operacionais do processo para um melhor entendimento do mesmo e verificação do seu comportamento na busca dos dois objetivos principais do trabalho. Nesta etapa, observou-se que a adição de ferro poderia ser minimizada para gerar menos resíduo e as adições de carbonato de sódio e carbono sólido poderiam ser otimizadas para melhorar as características do extrato lixiviado do resíduo gerado. Finalmente, na etapa de melhoria do processo, buscou-se implementar novas condições operacionais nos fornos industriais e verificar o seu efeito nas características do resíduo gerado. Os resultados mostraram que é possível uma redução da geração de resíduo através da minimização da adição de ferro à carga do forno rotativo até um certo ponto, a partir do qual problemas operacionais começam a ocorrer. A minimização da periculosidade do resíduo também é possível pela otimização das adições de carbonato de sódio e carbono sólido à carga.

Análise da percepção ambiental como instrumento ao planejamento da educação ambiental

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico da percepção ambiental da comunidade educativa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (professores, alunos e técnicos administrativos). O estudo da percepção ambiental de uma população é fundamental para compreender as inter-relações da mesma com o seu ambiente. Conhecendo a realidade desta comunidade, pode-se realizar projetos de educação ambiental que atenda as necessidades encontradas nesta população. Conforme a Conferência de Tbilisi, a educação ambiental deve girar em torno de problemas concretos e ter um caráter interdisciplinar. Conforme a Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental, a educação ambiental deve ser tratada em todos os níveis de ensino, formal e informal. Este trabalho foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa, baseada em um questionário pré-estabelecido, com uma amostra de 1042 entrevistas. Com a análise dos dados observou-se que a comunidade educativa da UFRGS está preocupada com as questões ambientais, mas está pouco envolvida em ações concretas. A comunidade educativa da UFRGS possui trabalhos que permitem uma análise mais apurada das relações entre a percepção ambiental dessa comunidade e a educação ambiental, como o Relatório de Resíduos Sólidos (GIGA), que trata da gestão dos resíduos produzidos nessa comunidade. Além disso, a UFRGS passa, a partir de 2006, a oferecer um Curso de Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, o qual pode contribuir significativamente para a consolidação de um processo de educação ambiental e de gestão de resíduos dentro da UFRGS. Este trabalho demonstrou a necessidade de implantação de um projeto de Educação Ambiental na UFRGS, e os resultados desta pesquisa poderão servir como subsídio para a elaboração deste projeto.

Injustiça ambiental: um estudo de caso do bairro do Caju, Zona Portuária do Rio de Janeiro

Desde o final do período monárquico, e já no nascimento da república, o problema social da pobreza e das favelas já impactava a formação da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Ao longo dos anos, a questão adotou muitas faces e muitos discursos. A partir do momento em que os governos do Estado e do Município, desde os anos de 1950, tornaram as representações populares das favelas parte de suas representações políticas, o poder de discussão, participação e reivindicação dessa parcela da população foi diminuído e disperso. Tal fato abriu caminho para a manipulação de investimentos e políticas públicas que aumentaram a desigualdade social e, por conseguinte, em locais como o bairro do Caju, promoveram políticas de crescimento empresarial tão intensas e predatórias, que criaram, em concomitância aos problemas sociais, graves quadros de injustiça ambiental. Na busca pelo fortalecimento deste palco de debates, esta pesquisa pretende colaborar com a composição do retrato de uma região, pouco visível no município do Rio de Janeiro, que, desde sua ocupação como área de moradia, vem sendo transformada em território utilitário de exploração ambiental. Nela, as desigualdades afloram e aprisionam uma população cada vez maior nos circuitos de risco social e ambiental. O resultado desta pesquisa é a exposição de uma realidade frágil e a discussão mais profunda sobre a situação social e ambiental do bairro do Caju.

Informática para Engenharia Ambiental - Unidade 4: Planilhas eletrônicas

Parte 1: Introdução às planilhas eletrônicas Parte 2: O ambiente de trabalho do programa BrOffice.org Calc Parte 3: Primeiros passos Parte 4: Trabalhando com vetores e matrizes Parte 5: Construindo gráficos Parte 6: Resolvendo problemas Parte 07: “Travando” uma célula na planilha

Aproximações teóricas sobre a questão ambiental internacional na sociedade global: de estocolmo 1972 ao rio de janeiro 2012

O artigo apresenta os principais elementos que compõem a questão ambiental na sociedade global, através de sua relação entre economia, meio ambiente e política internacional. A primeira parte expõe o debate ambiental no contexto internacional, enfocando-o a partir dos anos 1960, período em que os problemas ambientais surgem com mais intensidade e com eles os protestos sociais nos países centrais. Os encontros sobre política ambiental internacional foram realizados com mais frequência nos anos setenta como a conferência internacional sobre meio ambiente, a primeira chancelada pela ONU em Estocolmo, 1972. Nas décadas de 1970/1980 as autoridades governamentais reconheceram a urgência na resolução da crise ambiental e passaram a traçar estratégias para a mitigação e contenção da crise. A década de 1990 é marcada pela Conferência Rio 1992, que lançou o desenvolvimento sustentável, o qual recomenda que as gerações presentes devem se reproduzir sem comprometer a capacidade de reprodução das gerações futuras. Os encaminhamentos da terceira conferência internacional sobre meio ambiente (Johanesburgo, 2002) condicionaram a questão ambiental à necessidade da formulação de leis ambientais por parte dos Estados Nacionais e instrumentos económicos de gestão ambiental. Na Rio + 20, o tema central foi a economia verde, que surge como alternativa ao desenvolvimento sustentável e se relaciona a mitigação das mudanças climáticas, produção de baixo carbono, eficiência energética, energia renovável etc. O texto se encerra explanando sobre a questão ambiental internacional na sociedade global.

Política ambiental e desenvolvimento urbano na serra do periperi em Vitória da conquista - BA

This present dissertation has as its aim of study an analysis of the environmental policy and the urban development at the Periperi Hill. Such analysis arose due to concerns related to the disordered occupation in that Hill and also due to the environmental problems caused by this occupation. By opening roads and developing areas for housing and mineral extraction activities, man has altered considerably the landscape natural balance in that hill and caused among other difficulties, grave environmental problems, such as the erosin at the hill coast, deforestation, obstruction and pollution of the Verruga River. Therefore, in 1998 it was decreed by the Municipal Public Power that Periperi Hill became an Environmental Preservation Area with a Unit of Conservation known as Periperi Hill Municipal Park, an environmental policy implemented at the Hill that aims to hinder this occupation and to protect areas that are of great environmental importance to the city. It looking at what is now exposed and aiming to consider the Periperi Hill s environmental policy and the relationship of the occupation process, that this present work has the objective of understanding how the expansion of the city s urban network in Vitória da Conquista BA and the mineral activities cause an influence in the process of environmental degradation at the Periperi Hill

Educação ambiental: um estudo de experiências nas escolas municipais de Natal

This a research on pedagogical experiences about Environmental Education carried out in selected schools of the municipal education net of the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State. This study occurs in a where social and environmental problems reach great dimensions and provoke discussions all over the planet. Inside this social context where education is taken as a form intervention in the world, several methodological and theoretical approaches emerge indicating Environmental Education tendencies as different ways to face challenges due to environmental crisis. The maim question pursued by the research is to inquiry how schools have developed their Environmental Education experiences. Pedagogical experiences on Environmental Education are analyzed in selected schools having as theoretical framework ideas for social change, by human action accordingly to Hanna Arendt‟s thought, and Marx‟s idea of praxis, (1989). The objective is to identify, to know and to map the pedagogical experiences on Environmental Education carried out in selected schools of the municipality teaching net having sociological cartography as a methodological strategy for analyzing empirical data. The results of the research pointed out existing reductionist and behaviorist-pedagogical perspectives as for as Environmental Education is concerned as well as environmental understanding, showing a predominance of the conservative Environmental Education tendency inside schools

Universidade e educação ambiental

The society consists of the inter-relations between diverse symbolic fields of performance, where some agents if identify for values, habits and goals. The present thesis analyzed, taking for base the Theory of the Social Field of Pierre Bourdieu, the ambient field and the university, leaving of the principle that the university is one of the propitious places for the quarrel, study, knowledge elaboration, and that the ambient education is one of the ways of dissemination of knowledge and action in favor of the ambient question. It was looked to contextualize and to identify the main factors that configure the university while a social field, and to evidence the conflict and connector links with the ambientalism. It is perceived university as space of tensions, whose produced capital stock in the academic scope must be enough convincing in the direction of the social transformation, of the expansion of conscience, the critical matureness, and thus to appear as agent of social transformation. The joint between the diverse social fields, promoted for the university, will be able to contribute for knowledge formularization that can consist base for elaboration of politics and programs to answer to the problems of the society contemporary. It has the inter-relationship between the two fields, however, this relation still is fragile, needing that a continuity practical social that they make possible that the ambient question is part of the culture of the university. This will be able to give with the intensification of the actions and the inclusion of the ambient questions in the communication mechanisms and administrative management. To surpass discontinuities caused for changes of groups leading and for interests politician conjunctural are necessary that they create habitus, what passes for the institutionalization of practical and the constitution of a culture that the agents allow if to reorganize defending the interests of social transformation front to the economic interests, as much in the university how much in the ambient field

Análise tecnológica sobre os aspectos ambientais de empreendimentos hoteleiros da Praia de Ponta Negra Natal/RN: um modelo de sistema de gestão ambiental

The present work aimed the elaboration of an environmental study focused on the hotel sector in order to present an analysis of the environmental aspects of Ponta Negra Beach, in Natal, RN, Brazil and also the aspects of the small and medium hotels existing in this area. By means of this work, it is possible to elaborate a model of a simplified System of Environmental Management which can attend to the exigencies required by NBR ISO 14001: 2004, as well as to present economical viability and possibility to be implemented in a way that hotels may converge to the sustainable environmental development of the tourism in Ponta Negra Beach. The research methodology presents itself divided into three items: execution of the environmental characterization of Ponta Negra Beach, by way of technical visits and interpretation of satellite images and cartograms of the main environmental characteristics of the region; execution of the work already made concerning the development, application and interpretation of the evaluation of the environmental aspects of each hotel, considering the hotels and the period of data collection, these used in evaluation, research instrument and a description of the procedure utilized for the analysis of the collected data and the utilized methodology for the elaboration of a model of a simplified System of Environmental Management. In a general way, it has been concluded that the practices executed by hotels in Ponta Negra Beach are impact-like and harmful to the environment. The simple implementation of analysis procedures and control of the environmental aspects could suggestively contribute to the reduction of environmental impacts promoted by the hotel section at this beach and in the nearby areas. It had been noticed that the study contributed to the sensitization of managers concerning the environmental problems since, in many other times, the detected problem was, in fact, the non-acquaintance about the environmental aspects and impacts from those hotels administrators, because of the lack of surveys and studies about the theme. It had also been noticed the arousing of a possible environmental attitude from some managers

Fonte de energia alternativa: um estudo sobre a percepção ambiental, social e econômica do biodiesel com docentes do Centro de Tecnologia do gás da cidade de Natal RN

Meaning fuel and renewal energy source s derivative additives, the term biodiesel exists in Brazil since 1980, when it was signed its first patent by Expedito Parente. Since then, its importance has grown gradually due to the worsening of the ambient problems, since its use has became a highly promising alternative to the pollution decrease, as in the carbon dioxide issue as with the smoke and sulfur oxide. In Brazil, it was created the National Program of Production, whose objective is to insert the new product in the country s energy matrix, strengthening the economy and creating new employment opportunities, being an important product to the national energetic independence, since Brazil still imports diesel to its domestic consumption. This study aims to identify the ambient, social and economic perception of the teachers from the Technology Center of Natal city (CTGÁS-RN) to the biodiesel. For that, it was used a questionnaire closed questions, organized in the likart scale, directed to the tree spheres of the research analysis, the biodiesel and its social, ambient and economic nuances, totaling 31 questionnaires full answered. In its objectives, the research was descriptive and in its approach it was qualitative. To the data analysis it was used statistical tools (Statistic software, 6.1 version and Microsoft Excel 2003). The research revealed the predominance of the ambient aspect in the sight of the teachers, followed by the social ones. The economic factors represent a minor percentage in the analysis when compared to other

Diagnóstico ambiental da gestão e destinação dos resíduos da construção e demolição (RCD): análise das Construtoras Associadas ao SINDUSCON/RN e empresas coletoras atuantes no município de Parnamirim - RN

Surveys carried out in many Brazilian cities have shown that the CDW Construction and Demolition Waste, in some cases, represent more than 50% of the mass of urban solid residue. Municipalities have struggled to manage in an effective way huge quantities of CDW generated every day and solve the problem of the illegal dumping in an inadequate area, which compromise the quality of life of the population as a whole, thus causing serious problems concerning social-environmental and sanitary. This paperwork was meant it carry out environmental diagnosis of the management and the final destination of the CDW in the city of Parnamirim/RN. The methodology used in this work constituted in the bibliographical research, conducted to give support and fundaments to the subject in question, identification of the main places of legal and illegal dumping, identification of the environmental impacts caused by the irregular deposition of the CDW, valuation of quantity and quality of the CDW and perception according to the Environmental Legislation. The necessary data for the elaboration of this study were carried out through the appliance of questionnaires with open and closed questions, applied to 14 (fourteen) Real Estate developer companies associated with SINDUSCON/RN and 05 companies that deal with the transportation and collection of CDW, formal and informal interviews, exploitational visits and photographical records. The collected data went through a statistic treatment being organized into tables and graphs. The main results obtained from this research show that the interviewees hold a medium knowledge of the specific Environmental Legislation; do not have an effective model of environmental management, resorting to only reusing CDW; that the reusing of CDW is not substantial, as much as the possibility of recycling has a minimal consideration. It was also verified that a considerable percentage of interviewees affirmed to send CDW to illegal and inadequate locations. It is expected that such study can be used as an important tool to subsidize the public administration in the pursuit of solutions which could bring benefits to society and the environment

Impacto urbano ocasionado por empreendimentos da construção civil no entorno da zona de proteção ambiental (zpa-6), Vila de Ponta Negra, Natal/RN

The process of urbanization in recent decades has generated considerable seriousness of problems relating to the use and occupation physical environment of cities. The concentration of population, economic activities and technological standards have reinforced an existing urban environment highly degraded as a consequence of the development style that leads to the predatory use of natural resources. In this context, cities as centers of production and consumption, have the most serious problems of environmental degradation. This study investigated the impacts of the municipal building projects to large-scale vertical in the town of Vila de Ponta Negra, Natal-RN, given the proximity to the Environmental Protection Area (ZPA-6) and considering its environmental importance , scenic, landscape and tourism for the city of Natal-RN. The fragility of the licensing process and the failure of the assumptions in the analysis, objective and subjective, for the granting of environmental permits for the building construction projects, specifically those set out in the surroundings of the Environmental Protection Area (ZPA-6) and fundamental importance of landscape and tourism for the city of Natal, has aroused the concern of local people in and of itself the Government, faced with the probable impacts that will affect greatly the Vila de Ponta Negra. The methodology used to achieve the intended objectives will be the literature review, questionnaire to the surrounding population and the Government, as well as findings on the spot, through the photographic record. The beneficiaries of the license, if the entrepreneurs, have been affected because of the granting of licensing act of investing large amount of capital in the works. Additionally, with distrust of the population, since they are to discredit the public system of environmental management have guessed by the probability of imbalance to the environment and structural damage to the Vila de Ponta Negra, where such failure to support energy, lack of regular supply of water , lack of sanitation and access roads sufficient for the flow of motor vehicles in these areas, among other factors. Thus, this work will contribute to the diagnosis and solutions to the problem in question, so that the Government will effectively fulfill its social management of ecologically balanced environment of continuing urban development in Natal, Brazil

Diagnóstico para implantação do sistema de gestão ambiental em postos revendedores de combustíveis no município de Paranamirim RN: um estudo de caso

natural resources that still enjoy, in the certainty that if we do not, could culminate at the end of that remains. The environmental contamination by fuels in the retail service of oil and biofuels, has been a subject of growing research in Brazil, due to the large pollution potential of this activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of implementing the Environmental Management System (EMS) in fuel retail service stations in the city of Parnamirim-RN, but also describe the current situation the same as licensing and environmental characterization; identify existing barriers to implementation of EMS on the costs, technologies, knowledge, vision, present the potential benefits for the implementation of the EMS (social, economic and environmental), to identify the existence of plans for future action to implement the EMS , as a subsidy to promote the implementation of it. The methodology was developed through analysis of documents provided by the environmental agency responsible for licensing of retail service stations and fuel pala ANP. For data collection, we used the questionnaire was applied directly to managers or managers of sub-stations. Data were collected in 12 of 30 posts in the municipality. For purposes of data treatment was performed a descriptive analysis with respect to the opinion of twelve managers (respondents). The data acquired, according to the Likert scale were tabulated and analyzed using software SPSS 17.0 and Excel 2003, it was generated tables and graphs to observe the behavior of the data. The results showed that most respondents have a schooling level higher (58.3%) of the jobs surveyed 50% work on average 6 to 10 years and 41.6% are in operation for over 11 years , 75.0% do not have a license to operate and 12 stations, 58.3% were sued for not having a license to operate and are therefore in full commercial activity, 83% of jobs have some practice environmentally responsible, 75% agree in making planning future action to implement 8 the EMS in their ventures, 70% in full agreement that the high cost is a form of impediment to implementation of EMS; 66.67% agreed that resistance to change is an impediment to implementation of EMS; 90.91% agreed that the implementation of EMS is very complex, 80% of respondents agreed in a very significant environmental legislation is also a key factor preventing the implementation of EMS is noteworthy that 100% of respondents agreed that the knowledge about the use of the EMS will help to solve environmental problems in the fuel retail service stations, the implementation of the EMS will benefit with increased efficiency of resources applied to the findings by the agreement of 91.66% of respondents, where only 8, 33% disagreed, there was also a percentage of 100%, agreed that the company's image will be a great benefit, but also a contribution to solving environmental problems in the fuel retail service stations. Thus, the importance of the implementation of EMS in the fuel retail service stations in the city of Parnamirim-RN, with an urgent need to be deployed. And the bodies responsible for policy on state-run and supervise more tightly and action, this type of activity, in order to regulate the sustainable functioning of retail service stations of fuel, thus promoting a better quality of life for the population of the municipality of natal-RN

Gestão ambiental: um estudo sobre a percepção do problema da desertificação no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

The objective of this study was to investigate the environmental perception of: People with common-sense knowledge on the desertification process in RN. People with scientific knowledge on the desertification process in RN. Focal points in the combat at desertification of the RN and public ministery representant with actions in interinstitutional articulations promoter (and/or relative actions) at the desertification process in the RN. The research was carried in the city of Natal-RN and in two small cities of the Seridó region (RN): Caicó and Currais Novos. The research carried, is classified as exploratory and 22 people were interviewed. The research includes: The propension/intensity of the desertification in the RN and in the Seridó region; Evaluation of the knowledge of those interviewed, concerning the subject desertification ; Problems in order to combat desertification; Causes of desertification; The profile of the interviewed. The results of this present study indicate that the a desertification process is more agressive in the Seridó region than in the state of RN, being the two following: the absence of preocupation of the affected population with the process and the escarcity of governamental recurses, indicates how problems greather in the combat to the phenomen. Decreasing of produtivity in the agriculture and increasing of the migration to the urbans centers have been the main consequences of the process, that have at water scarcity, deforestation and extraction of argil (being this, regional factor), relevant variables in the influence to the surgiment of the desertification process of the RN