Autoeficácia de professores do ensino fundamental: um estudo a partir dos memoriais de formação

The practice of teaching is a complex, dynamic and challenging. Several obstacles are faced by educators, among them, excessive workload, classrooms with large numbers of students, reducing the support team manager etc. These experiences call into question the belief that such teachers have in their own ability to teach and motivate your students, including those with the greatest difficulties. Studies show that this belief, called self-efficacy, mediates the action of teachers and are related to the goals, persistence and motivation of teachers. The teacher self-efficacy is formed by direct experience, by observation, persuasion and psychophysiological states. The objective of the study is to identify aspects of the formation of self-efficacy teacher in-service teacher. This is a documentary study, after online search using the keywords memorials training and school as keywords, was found eight jobs at the State University of Campinas, two of which were dropped from the analysis due to not meeting the pre-established criteria. The data were organized into spreadsheets for analysis specifically designed for the study, considering the theoretical framework proposed by Bandura (1997) and Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy (2001). The results indicate that family support throughout schooling, the role of teachers as models from basic education and teaching experiences are widely cited in memorials analyzed. These results offer from further reflections, indicating contribute to discussions on the formation and performance of teachers regarding the ability to teach, especially in the early years of elementary school

As dimensões internacionais das políticas brasileiras de combate ao tráfico de drogas na década de 1990

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As maras e pandillas no Triângulo Norte da América Central e a atuação dos Estados Unidos em seu combate

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O lado escuro da capital social: implicações sociais e políticas

O artigo questiona a associação direta entre a interação em redes sociais e a produção de um tipo de capital social que traz ganhos benéficos à comunidade. O capital social pode adquirir formas e resultar em efeitos negativos sobre as relações sociais. Argumentase assim que relações fundadas em tais princípios, dependendo do tipo de vínculos entre os atores, do contexto sócio-econômico e da fragilidade das ações das instituições e do Estado, podem favorecer a emergência do lado escuro do capital social, conduzindo ao aumento do crime organizado, à perpetuação do clientelismo e da corrupção.

Untersuchungen zur posttranslationalen präS-Translokation des großen Hüllproteins des Hepatitis-B-Virus

Untersuchungen zur posttranslationalen präS-Translokation des großen Hüllproteins des Hepatitis-B-Virus. Das große (L) Hüllprotin des Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV) besitzt die ungewöhnliche Eigenschaft, mittels partieller, posttranslationaler Translokation seiner präS-Domäne durch intrazelluläre Membranen zwei unterschiedliche Transmembrantopologieen auszubilden. Unter Berücksichtigung der Hypothese eines HBV-spezifischen Transmembrankanals, der sich möglicherweise während der Virusmorphogenese bilden und die präS-Translokation ermöglichen könnte, wurden Parameter untersucht, welche die L-Topologie beeinflussen. Dazu wurden Wildtyp-L-Proteine und L-Mutanten in Säugerzellen synthetisiert und deren Topologie mittels Proteaseschutzversuchen untersucht. Ich konnte zeigen, daß alle Faktoren, für die angenommen wurde, daß sie für die Ausbildung einer HBV-spezifischen Pore und die damit verbundene präS-Reorientierung wichtig seien, entbehrlich sind. Im einzelnen konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß die posttranslationale präS-Translokation weder die Helferfunktion der HBV S und M Proteine, noch die kovalente Dimerausbildung der Hüllproteine benötigt. Weiterhin ergaben die Untersuchungen, daß keine der amphipathischen Transmembrandomänen des L-Proteins an der präS-Reorientierung beteiligt ist. Vielmehr wurde die hydrophobe Transmembrandomäne 2 (TM2) als ausreichend und essentiell für diesen Prozeß identifiziert. Zellfraktionierungsstudien ergaben weiterhin, daß die präS-Reorientierung und damit die duale Topologie des L-Proteins innerhalb des Endoplasmatischen Retikulums (ER) herbeigeführt wird. Letztlich konnte eine Interaktion des L-Proteins mit zellulären Chaperonen (Hsc70, Hsp40, BiP) gezeigt werden, was eine Beteiligung dieser Proteine am Translokationsprozeß nahelegt.

Uno studio sulla criminalità organizzata: mafie etniche e imprese illecite

Lo studio è stato condotto seguendo una duplice prospettiva, che trae spunto da alcune assimilazioni operate dalla giurisprudenza italiana. Da un lato, si è cercato di capire come debbano essere interpretate norme create per la valutazione di realtà storicamente ben identificate, quali l’art. 416 bis c.p., nel momento in cui si applicano a realtà nuove, come le mafie straniere. Dall’altro lato, si è cercato di indagare i fondamenti dell’equiparazione dell’impresa che delinque al paradigma dell’associazione per delinquere, punita dall’art. 416 c.p., allorchè imprese formalmente lecite si trovano a operare per fini esclusivamente illeciti, facendo della organizzazione imprenditoriale una vera e propria organizzazione criminale. Gli obiettivi posti dalla ricerca si possono sintetizzare, dunque, nella verifica dell’adattabilità di tradizionali fattispecie criminose al nuovo contesto criminologico e nell’individuazione del confine tra l’azione occasionalmente illecita di una impresa lecita e la connotazione di una impresa come illecita tout court.

The public health applications of law enforcement medical direction: A practical experience with the Dallas Police Department

In 2008, 132 law enforcement officers were killed in the line of duty in The United States. Additionally, some have explored both the public health implications of interactions with law enforcement as well as the potential benefits of the use of law enforcement officers as public health and emergency healthcare providers. By virtue of these novel analyses and techniques, professional medical direction of the emerging specialty of law enforcement medicine is needed. This paper, an analysis of law enforcement medical direction through a look at the Dallas Police Medical Direction Program, seeks to examine origins of law enforcement medicine through a comprehensive literature review, as well as begin to define to core competencies of law enforcement medical direction. ^ The unique intersection of public health, medicine and law enforcement, and the subsequent specialty that is developing to manage this interface, is in its relative infancy. An analysis of this nature is in order to begin to lay down the foundations necessary for future study and improvements in the field. ^

INTEGRATIVE BIOMARKER IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION USING HIGH THROUGHPUT ASSAYS

It is well accepted that tumorigenesis is a multi-step procedure involving aberrant functioning of genes regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, genome stability, angiogenesis and motility. To obtain a full understanding of tumorigenesis, it is necessary to collect information on all aspects of cell activity. Recent advances in high throughput technologies allow biologists to generate massive amounts of data, more than might have been imagined decades ago. These advances have made it possible to launch comprehensive projects such as (TCGA) and (ICGC) which systematically characterize the molecular fingerprints of cancer cells using gene expression, methylation, copy number, microRNA and SNP microarrays as well as next generation sequencing assays interrogating somatic mutation, insertion, deletion, translocation and structural rearrangements. Given the massive amount of data, a major challenge is to integrate information from multiple sources and formulate testable hypotheses. This thesis focuses on developing methodologies for integrative analyses of genomic assays profiled on the same set of samples. We have developed several novel methods for integrative biomarker identification and cancer classification. We introduce a regression-based approach to identify biomarkers predictive to therapy response or survival by integrating multiple assays including gene expression, methylation and copy number data through penalized regression. To identify key cancer-specific genes accounting for multiple mechanisms of regulation, we have developed the integIRTy software that provides robust and reliable inferences about gene alteration by automatically adjusting for sample heterogeneity as well as technical artifacts using Item Response Theory. To cope with the increasing need for accurate cancer diagnosis and individualized therapy, we have developed a robust and powerful algorithm called SIBER to systematically identify bimodally expressed genes using next generation RNAseq data. We have shown that prediction models built from these bimodal genes have the same accuracy as models built from all genes. Further, prediction models with dichotomized gene expression measurements based on their bimodal shapes still perform well. The effectiveness of outcome prediction using discretized signals paves the road for more accurate and interpretable cancer classification by integrating signals from multiple sources.

Cloning and characterization of the full length cDNA and promoter of mouse tissue transglutaminase

Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the covalent cross-linking of proteins through the formation of $\varepsilon$-($\gamma$-glutaminyl)-lysyl isopeptide bonds. Tissue transglutaminase (Tgase) is an intracellular enzyme which is expressed in terminally differentiated and senescent cells and also in cells undergoing apoptotic cell death. To characterize this enzyme and examine its relationship with other members of the transglutaminase family, cDNAs, the first two exons of the gene and 2 kb of the 5$\sp\prime$ flanking region, including the promoter, were isolated. The full length Tgase transcript consists of 66 bp of 5$\sp\prime$-UTR (untranslated) sequence, an open reading frame which encodes 686 amino acids and 1400 bp of 3$\sp\prime$-UTR sequence. Alignment of the deduced Tgase protein sequence with that of other transglutaminases revealed regions of strong homology, particularly in the active site region.^ The Tgase cDNA was used to isolate and characterize a genomic clone encompassing the 5$\sp\prime$ end of the mouse Tgase gene. The transcription start site was defined using genomic and cDNA clones coupled with S1 protection analysis and anchored PCR. This clone includes 2.3 kb upstream of the transcription start site and two exons that contain the first 256 nucleotides of the mouse Tgase cDNA sequence. The exon intron boundaries have been mapped and compared with the exon intron boundaries of three members of the transglutaminase family: human factor XIIIa, the human keratinocyte transglutaminase and human erythrocyte band 4.1. Tissue Tgase exon II is similar to comparable exons of these genes. However, exon I bears no resemblance with any of the other transglutaminase amino terminus exons.^ Previous work in our laboratory has shown that the transcription of the Tgase gene is directly controlled by retinoic acid and retinoic acid receptors. To identify the region of the Tgase gene responsible for regulating its expression, fragments of the Tgase promoter and 5$\sp\prime$-flanking region were cloned into the chloramphenicol actetyl transferase (CAT) reporter constructs. Transient transfection experiments with these constructs demonstrated that the upstream region of Tgase is a functional promoter which contains a retinoid response element within a 1573 nucleotide region spanning nucleotides $-$252 to $-$1825. ^

Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding novel homeoproteins from chondrocytes

Bone morphogenesis is a complex biological process. The multistep process of chondrogenesis is the most important aspect of endochondral bone formation. To study the mechanisms which control this multistep pathway of chondrogenesis during embryonic development, I started by isolating cDNAs encoding novel transcriptional factors from chondrocytes. Several such cDNAs encoding putative homeoproteins were identified from a rat chondrosarcoma cDNA preparation. I have been concentrating on characterizing two of these cDNAs. The deduced amino acid sequence of the first homeoprotein, Cart-1, contains a prd-type homeodomain. Northern hybridization and RNase protection analysis revealed that Cart-1 RNAs were present at high levels in a well differentiated rat chondrosarcoma tumor and in a cell line derived from this tumor. Cart-1 transcripts were also detected in primary chondrocytes, but not in numerous other cell types except very low levels in testis. In situ hybridization of rat embryos at different stages of development revealed relatively high levels of Cart-1 RNAs in prechondrocytic mesenchymal cells and in early chondrocytes of cartilage primordia. It is speculated that Cart-1 might play an important role in chondrogenesis. The second putative homeoprotein, rDlx, contains a Distal-less-like homeodomain. rDlx RNAs were also present at high levels in the rat chondrosarcoma tumor and in the cell line derived from this tumor. In situ hybridization of rat embryos revealed high levels of rDlx transcripts in the developing cartilages and perichondria of mature cartilages. rDlx transcripts were also detected in a number of nonchondrogenic tissues such as forebrain, otic vesicles, olfactory epithelia, apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of limb buds, the presumptive Auerbach ganglia of gastrointestinal tract. The unique expression pattern of rDlx suggests that it might play important roles in chondrogenesis and other aspects of embryogenesis. ^

Prácticas de Planificación en Ciencias Naturales de docentes de Escuela Primaria

La presente Tesina de Licenciatura apunta a describir prácticas de programación de la enseñanza, específicamente en lo referido a la planificación a través de producciones escritas, de docentes de escuela primaria de la Provincia de Buenos Aires en el área curricular de Ciencias Naturales. Se pone especial foco, además, en los contenidos de la Física que las docentes seleccionan, organizan y secuencian a partir del análisis de documentos escritos entregados por las mismas. Se trata de un trabajo descriptivo, realizado desde una perspectiva cualitativa. El estudio presenta una revisión de los principales enfoques sobre la programación de la enseñanza, desarrollados por diferentes corrientes de pensamiento desde las teorías didácticas y curriculares a través del tiempo. Asimismo, se desarrolla el marco teórico en el que se identifican las principales dimensiones de la temática abordada, como así también los objetivos del presente estudio y el marco metodológico. El análisis de las planificaciones estudiadas permitió aproximarse a diversas formas en las cuales las docentes planifican, los componentes que utilizan, las interpretaciones y apropiaciones del curriculum que realizan, el alcance y la profundidad de la prescripción curricular, las concepciones subyacentes sobre la enseñanza y los contenidos Físicos que seleccionan, secuencian y organizan para la enseñanza. El análisis permitió asimismo visibilizar diversos tipos de planificaciones y grados de alcance, presencias y ausencias de componentes y su articulación en cada documento y entre ellos

Prácticas de Planificación en Ciencias Naturales de docentes de Escuela Primaria

La presente Tesina de Licenciatura apunta a describir prácticas de programación de la enseñanza, específicamente en lo referido a la planificación a través de producciones escritas, de docentes de escuela primaria de la Provincia de Buenos Aires en el área curricular de Ciencias Naturales. Se pone especial foco, además, en los contenidos de la Física que las docentes seleccionan, organizan y secuencian a partir del análisis de documentos escritos entregados por las mismas. Se trata de un trabajo descriptivo, realizado desde una perspectiva cualitativa. El estudio presenta una revisión de los principales enfoques sobre la programación de la enseñanza, desarrollados por diferentes corrientes de pensamiento desde las teorías didácticas y curriculares a través del tiempo. Asimismo, se desarrolla el marco teórico en el que se identifican las principales dimensiones de la temática abordada, como así también los objetivos del presente estudio y el marco metodológico. El análisis de las planificaciones estudiadas permitió aproximarse a diversas formas en las cuales las docentes planifican, los componentes que utilizan, las interpretaciones y apropiaciones del curriculum que realizan, el alcance y la profundidad de la prescripción curricular, las concepciones subyacentes sobre la enseñanza y los contenidos Físicos que seleccionan, secuencian y organizan para la enseñanza. El análisis permitió asimismo visibilizar diversos tipos de planificaciones y grados de alcance, presencias y ausencias de componentes y su articulación en cada documento y entre ellos

Prácticas de Planificación en Ciencias Naturales de docentes de Escuela Primaria

La presente Tesina de Licenciatura apunta a describir prácticas de programación de la enseñanza, específicamente en lo referido a la planificación a través de producciones escritas, de docentes de escuela primaria de la Provincia de Buenos Aires en el área curricular de Ciencias Naturales. Se pone especial foco, además, en los contenidos de la Física que las docentes seleccionan, organizan y secuencian a partir del análisis de documentos escritos entregados por las mismas. Se trata de un trabajo descriptivo, realizado desde una perspectiva cualitativa. El estudio presenta una revisión de los principales enfoques sobre la programación de la enseñanza, desarrollados por diferentes corrientes de pensamiento desde las teorías didácticas y curriculares a través del tiempo. Asimismo, se desarrolla el marco teórico en el que se identifican las principales dimensiones de la temática abordada, como así también los objetivos del presente estudio y el marco metodológico. El análisis de las planificaciones estudiadas permitió aproximarse a diversas formas en las cuales las docentes planifican, los componentes que utilizan, las interpretaciones y apropiaciones del curriculum que realizan, el alcance y la profundidad de la prescripción curricular, las concepciones subyacentes sobre la enseñanza y los contenidos Físicos que seleccionan, secuencian y organizan para la enseñanza. El análisis permitió asimismo visibilizar diversos tipos de planificaciones y grados de alcance, presencias y ausencias de componentes y su articulación en cada documento y entre ellos

The mouse histone H2a gene contains a small element that facilitates cytoplasmic accumulation of intronless gene transcripts and of unspliced HIV-1-related mRNAs

Histone mRNAs are naturally intronless and accumulate efficiently in the cytoplasm. To learn whether there are cis-acting sequences within histone genes that allow efficient cytoplasmic accumulation of RNAs, we made recombinant constructs in which sequences from the mouse H2a gene were cloned into a human β-globin cDNA. By using transient transfection and RNase protection analysis, we demonstrate here that a 100-bp sequence within the H2a coding region permits efficient cytoplasmic accumulation of the globin cDNA transcripts. We also show that this sequence appears to suppress splicing and can functionally replace Rev and the Rev-responsive element in the cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced HIV-1-related mRNAs. Like the Rev-responsive element, this sequence acts in an orientation-dependent manner. We thus propose that the sequence identified here may be a member of the cis-acting elements that facilitate the cytoplasmic accumulation of naturally intronless gene transcripts.

Arrayed transposase-binding sequences on the ends of transposon Tn5090/Tn402

The transposon Tn5090/Tn402 encodes a 559 amino acid transposase, TniA, with a DDE motif. Gel mobility shifting and cleavage protection analysis with DNase I and hydroxyl radical probes revealed that TniA binds to multiple repeat sequences on either terminus of Tn5090/Tn402. Four of these TniA-binding 19mers occurred on the left-hand (t) end and two on the right-hand (i) end. Hydroxyl radical cleavage protection demonstrated the presence of 3–6 bp contact sequences on one face of the DNA helix. The binding pattern and organisation of repeats suggested parallels between Tn5090/Tn402 and Mu, which controls its transpositional activity in the assembly step of a higher order transpososome complex. The complex terminal structure and genes of transposase and nucleotide-binding proteins in tandem are hallmarks of the handful of Mu-like elements that are known to date.