El artifice perfecto ideado en la vida del V. hermano Francisco Diaz del Ribero ... de la Compañia de Jesus /

Mode of access: Internet.

El dinero fuente de pecados en el Inferno de Dante y en la traducción de Pedro Fernández de Villegas (Burgos, 1515)

El trabajo se centra en el análisis de los pecados relacionados con el dinero en el Inferno de Dante y en la primera traducción castellana de la primera cantiga de la Commedia, obra del arcediano de Burgos Pedro Fernández de Villegas. La traducción, compuesta en coplas de arte mayor y acompañada de un enciclopédico comentario, se publicó en 1515. Particular atención se dedica a la reflexión sobre el problema del mal uso del dinero que Villegas desarrolla en la glosa de los cantos en que con más vigor se levanta la voz de Dante para denunciar la gravedad del pecado de la sed de riquezas. Se analiza la postura del traductor español ante el tema comparándola no sólo con la de Dante sino también con la de Cristoforo Landino, autor del Comento sopra la Comedia, obra exégetica que se publicó por primera vez en Florencia en 1481 y que representó el punto de referencia privilegiado de Villegas.

Manuel Murguía e Rosalía de Castro nos inicios como escritora de Narcisa Pérez Reoyo

En 1865 Narcisa Pérez Reoyo publica en A Coruña su primer poemario, Cantos de la infancia, prologado por Manuel Murguía y que incluye un poema dedicado a Rosalía de Castro. Este artículo se ocupa de las relaciones del matrimonio Murguía-Castro con la escritora novel, en el contexto de la literatura escrita por mujeres en el siglo XIX y de la construcción de la literatura gallega.

Estudios de derecho penal. Libro homenaje a Juan Fernández Carrasquilla

El Departamento de Derecho Penal de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Medellín, con ocasión del septuagésimo aniversario del nacimiento de uno de sus más egregios exponentes -el Profesor Dr. Juan Fernández Carrasquilla, quien impartió las cátedras de Filosofía del Derecho y Derecho penal en esta casa de estudios, la segunda por un lapso superior a 3 lustros- se propuso, en el año 2010, jalonar la elaboración de una obra colectiva destinada a la conmemoración de dicha efemérides y, en consecuencia, rendir tributo y merecido homenaje al autor en cuestión. Habida cuenta las calidades científicas y académicas del profesor Fernández C., de sobra conocidas en el medio, la propuesta rápidamente fue acogida no solo por el grupo de profesores que conforman el Departamento de Derecho Penal de la Universidad de Medellín, sino también por una pléyade de autores colombianos y de otras latitudes que de forma generosa e incondicional quisieron unirse al proyecto original, a quienes, obligado es decirlo, vaya desde ya nuestro sincero y eterno sentimiento de gratitud -de hecho, nos consta que no pocos otros autores nacionales y extranjeros hubieran querido participar; sin embargo, como suele ocurrir en este tipo de obras, ello no fue posible habida cuenta los tiempos establecidos por el editor-o Así las cosas, profesores de Alemania, Argentina, Brasil. Chile, Ecuador, España, Italia, Venezuela y, desde luego, otras universidades colombianas, respondieron a nuestra invitación de manera afirmativa y de forma completamente desinteresada se unieron a la propuesta inicial, colaborando incluso de forma proactiva al buen éxito de la misma.

Potencial de propagación con fertilización y sin fertilización de seis especies forrajeras arbustivas existentes en la comunidad de Pacora, San Francisco Libre

El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo en la comunidad de Pacora del municipio de San Francisco Libre a 17 km al noroeste del empalme de la carretera San Francisco Libre- Managua, localizada geográficamente a losl2° 29' 54" latitud norte y los 86° 16' 54" longitud oeste. Se tomaron en consideración 4 fincas para el establecimiento del ensayo. El objetivo general del experimento fue identificar el grado de propagación de seis especies forrajeras arbustivas nativas de la comunidad de Pacora bajo la modalidad de estacas. Primero se realizó un sondeo para obtener información sobre las especies forrajeras arbustivas de la zona. El trabajo tuvo una duración de 92 días, realizando conteos y mediciones de los rebrotes a Jos 22, 44, 63, 80 y 92 días de establecido el ensayo. Se evaluaron seis especies (madero negro, genízaro, tigüilote, jocote, jícaro y muanda) y dos sustrato: tierra de rio + estiércol de caballo (S1) y tierra de 1 lugar (S2) para un total de 12 combinaciones. Las variables estudiadas fueron: porcentaje de prendimiento, porcentaje de sobrevivencia de las estacas; número de rebrotes por estacas y longitud de los rebrotes. Se empleó un modelo aditivo lineal bifactorial; para la interpretación del sondeo se hizo un análisis de frecuencia, las variables porcentaje de prendimiento y porcentaje de sobrevivencia se analizaron a través de sus fórmulas y realizando la desviación a través de su fórmula, en los datos procesados para las variables número y longitud de los rebrotes se utilizó el programa estadístico SAS, haciendo uso también de la transformación de x para su posterior análisis, se hizo la separación de medias por medio de Tukey. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que existen una gran diversidad de árboles de utilización forrajera de los cuales el productor puede valerse como una alternativa para la alimentación animal; de las especies evaluadas el madero negro obtuvo los mayores porcentajes de prendimiento con 35% (S1) y 52.5% (S2). Para el porcentaje de sobrevivencia el jocote obtuvo los mayores valores con 46.42% (S l) y 66.5% (S2). La mayor cantidad de rebrotes y longitud de los rebrotes lo presentó el madero negro con un promedio de 5.89 rebrotes / estaca y 2.32 cm/ longitud / rebrote respectivamente

Running Pace Decrease during a Marathon Is Positively Related to Blood Markers of Muscle Damage

Background: Completing a marathon is one of the most challenging sports activities, yet the source of running fatigue during this event is not completely understood. The aim of this investigation was to determine the cause(s) of running fatigue during a marathon in warm weather. Methodology/Principal Findings: We recruited 40 amateur runners (34 men and 6 women) for the study. Before the race, body core temperature, body mass, leg muscle power output during a countermovement jump, and blood samples were obtained. During the marathon (27 uC; 27% relative humidity) running fatigue was measured as the pace reduction from the first 5-km to the end of the race. Within 3 min after the marathon, the same pre-exercise variables were obtained. Results: Marathoners reduced their running pace from 3.5 6 0.4 m/s after 5-km to 2.9 6 0.6 m/s at the end of the race (P,0.05), although the running fatigue experienced by the marathoners was uneven. Marathoners with greater running fatigue (. 15% pace reduction) had elevated post-race myoglobin (1318 6 1411 v 623 6 391 mg L21; P,0.05), lactate dehydrogenase (687 6 151 v 583 6 117 U L21; P,0.05), and creatine kinase (564 6 469 v 363 6 158 U L21; P = 0.07) in comparison with marathoners that preserved their running pace reasonably well throughout the race. However, they did not differ in their body mass change (23.1 6 1.0 v 23.0 6 1.0%; P = 0.60) or post-race body temperature (38.7 6 0.7 v 38.9 6 0.9 uC; P = 0.35). Conclusions/Significance: Running pace decline during a marathon was positively related with muscle breakdown blood markers. To elucidate if muscle damage during a marathon is related to mechanistic or metabolic factors requires further investigation.

The Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na(v)1.8 Is Expressed in Human Sperm

The role of Na+ fluxes through voltage-gated sodium channels in the regulation of sperm cell function remains poorly understood. Previously, we reported that several genes encoding voltage-gated Na+ channels were expressed in human testis and mature spermatozoa. In this study, we analyzed the presence and function of the TTX-resistant VGSC a subunit Na(v)1.8 in human capacitated sperm cells. Using an RT-PCR assay, we found that the mRNA of the gene SCN10A, that encode Na-v1.8, was abundantly and specifically expressed in human testis and ejaculated spermatozoa. The Na-v1.8 protein was detected in capacitated sperm cells using three different specific antibodies against this channel. Positive immunoreactivity was mainly located in the neck and the principal piece of the flagellum. The presence of Na-v1.8 in sperm cells was confirmed by Western blot. Functional studies demonstrated that the increases in progressive motility produced by veratridine, a voltage-gated sodium channel activator, were reduced in sperm cells preincubated with TTX (10 mu M), the Na-v1.8 antagonist A-803467, or a specific Na-v1.8 antibody. Veratridine elicited similar percentage increases in progressive motility in sperm cells maintained in Ca2+-containing or Ca2+-free solution and did not induce hyperactivation or the acrosome reaction. Veratridine caused a rise in sperm intracellular Na+, [Na+](i), and the sustained phase of the response was inhibited in the presence of A-803467. These results verify that the Na+ channel Na-v1.8 is present in human sperm cells and demonstrate that this channel participates in the regulation of sperm function.

Expression and activity profiles of DPP IV/CD26 and NEP/CD10 glycoproteins in the human renal cancer are tumor-type dependent

Background: Cell-surface glycoproteins play critical roles in cell-to-cell recognition, signal transduction and regulation, thus being crucial in cell proliferation and cancer etiogenesis and development. DPP IV and NEP are ubiquitous glycopeptidases closely linked to tumor pathogenesis and development, and they are used as markers in some cancers. In the present study, the activity and protein and mRNA expression of these glycoproteins were analysed in a subset of clear-cell (CCRCC) and chromophobe (ChRCC) renal cell carcinomas, and in renal oncocytomas (RO). Methods: Peptidase activities were measured by conventional enzymatic assays with fluorogen-derived substrates. Gene expression was quantitatively determined by qRT-PCR and membrane-bound protein expression and distribution analysis was performed by specific immunostaining. Results: The activity of both glycoproteins was sharply decreased in the three histological types of renal tumors. Protein and mRNA expression was strongly downregulated in tumors from distal nephron (ChRCC and RO). Moreover, soluble DPP IV activity positively correlated with the aggressiveness of CCRCCs (higher activities in high grade tumors). Conclusions: These results support the pivotal role for DPP IV and NEP in the malignant transformation pathways and point to these peptidases as potential diagnostic markers.

Cointegration analysis of money demand in the Euro Area

The analysis of the evolution of the M3 money aggregate is an important element in the definition and implementation of monetary policy for the ECB. A well-defined and stable long run demand function is an essential requisite for M3 to be a valid monetary tool. Therefore, this paper analyzes based in cointegration techniques the existence of a long run money demand, estimating it and testing its stability for the Euro Area and for ten of its member countries. Specifically, bearing in mind the high degree of monetary instability that the current economic crisis has created in the Euro Area, we also test whether this has had a noticeable impact in the cointegration among real money demand and its determinants. The analysis gives evidence of the existence of a long run relationship when the aggregated Euro Area and six of the ten countries are considered. However, these relationships are highly instable since the outbreak of the financial crisis, leading in some cases to even rejecting cointegration. All this suggests that the ECB’s strategy of focusing in the M3 monetary aggregates could not be a convenient approach under the current circumstances

Derechos humanos y educación : retos de una nueva sociedad

[EU]Hitzaurrea (X. Etxague eta A. Lareki). - Giza Eskubideak eta gaitasunak derrigorrezko hezkuntzan: zeharkakotasunetik lantzeko proposamena (E. Cruz). - Giza Eskubideak eta adimen urritasuna duten pertsonak: Ordiziako Garaguneko esperientzia bat (J. F. Amiama). - Begirada bat Euskal Herriko haurrentzako eta gazteentzako aisia hezigarriari. Etengabe eraikitzen ari den eskubidea (J. Jiménez). - Informazioa eskuratzeko eskubidea landako eskoletan eta eskola unitarioetan (A. Fernández). - Gazteak sare sozialen bidez gizalegez sozializatzeko teoria politikoa helburu (E. Fernández eta J. M. Gutiérrez). - Komunikatzeko eskubidea eta pribatutasun eskubidea sarean: binomio kezkagarria 14 urtetik beherako seme alabak dituzten familientzat (J. Altuna). - Arimaren sufrimendua lausatzeko bertsoak (P. Pérez).

Altered glutamyl-aminopeptidase activity and expression in renal neoplasms

Background: Advances in the knowledge of renal neoplasms have demonstrated the implication of several proteases in their genesis, growth and dissemination. Glutamyl-aminopeptidase (GAP) (EC. 3.4.11.7) is a zinc metallopeptidase with angiotensinase activity highly expressed in kidney tissues and its expression and activity have been associated wtih tumour development. Methods: In this prospective study, GAP spectrofluorometric activity and immunohistochemical expression were analysed in clear-cell (CCRCC), papillary (PRCC) and chromophobe (ChRCC) renal cell carcinomas, and in renal oncocytoma (RO). Data obtained in tumour tissue were compared with those from the surrounding uninvolved kidney tissue. In CCRCC, classic pathological parameters such as grade, stage and tumour size were stratified following GAP data and analyzed for 5-year survival. Results: GAP activity in both the membrane-bound and soluble fractions was sharply decreased and its immunohistochemical expression showed mild staining in the four histological types of renal tumours. Soluble and membrane-bound GAP activities correlated with tumour grade and size in CCRCCs. Conclusions: This study suggests a role for GAP in the neoplastic development of renal tumours and provides additional data for considering the activity and expression of this enzyme of interest in the diagnosis and prognosis of renal neoplasms.

Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Activity Is Correlated with Colorectal Cancer Prognosis

Background Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) (DPPIV) is a serine peptidase involved in cell differentiation, adhesion, immune modulation and apoptosis, functions that control neoplastic transformation. Previous studies have demonstrated altered expression and activity of tissue and circulating DPPIV in several cancers and proposed its potential usefulness for early diagnosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods and principal findings The activity and mRNA and protein expression of DPPIV was prospectively analyzed in adenocarcinomas, adenomas, uninvolved colorectal mucosa and plasma from 116 CRC patients by fluorimetric, quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods. Results were correlated with the most important classic pathological data related to aggressiveness and with 5-year survival rates. Results showed that: 1) mRNA levels and activity of DPPIV increased in colorectal neoplasms (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.01); 2) Both adenomas and CRCs displayed positive cytoplasmic immunostaining with luminal membrane reinforcement; 3) Plasmatic DPPIV activity was lower in CRC patients than in healthy subjects (Mann-U test, p<0.01); 4) Plasmatic DPPIV activity was associated with worse overall and disease-free survivals (log-rank p<0.01, Cox analysis p<0.01). Conclusion/significance 1) Up-regulation of DPPIV in colorectal tumors suggests a role for this enzyme in the neoplastic transformation of colorectal tissues. This finding opens the possibility for new therapeutic targets in these patients. 2) Plasmatic DPPIV is an independent prognostic factor in survival of CRC patients. The determination of DPPIV activity levels in the plasma may be a safe, minimally invasive and inexpensive way to define the aggressiveness of CRC in daily practice.

Pharmacological Blockade of Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors in Diet-Induced Obesity Regulates Mitochondrial Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase in Muscle

Cannabinoid CB1 receptors peripherally modulate energy metabolism. Here, we investigated the role of CB1 receptors in the expression of glucose/pyruvate/tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolism in rat abdominal muscle. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), a flavoprotein component (E3) of alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes with diaphorase activity in mitochondria, was specifically analyzed. After assessing the effectiveness of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (3 mg kg(-1), 14 days) on food intake and body weight, we could identified seven key enzymes from either glycolytic pathway or TCA cycle-regulated by both diet and CB1 receptor activity-through comprehensive proteomic approaches involving two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/LC-ESI trap mass spectrometry. These enzymes were glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), enolase (Eno3), lactate dehydrogenase (LDHa), glyoxalase-1 (Glo1) and the mitochondrial DLD, whose expressions were modified by AM251 in hypercaloric diet-induced obesity. Specifically, AM251 blocked high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced expression of GPI, TPI, Eno3 and LDHa, suggesting a down-regulation of glucose/pyruvate/lactate pathways under glucose availability. AM251 reversed the HCD-inhibited expression of Glo1 and DLD in the muscle, and the DLD and CB1 receptor expression in the mitochondrial fraction. Interestingly, we identified the presence of CB1 receptors at the membrane of striate muscle mitochondria. DLD over-expression was confirmed in muscle of CB1-/- mice. AM251 increased the pyruvate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase activity in C2C12 myotubes, and the diaphorase/oxidative activity in the mitochondria fraction. These results indicated an up-regulation of methylglyoxal and TCA cycle activity. Findings suggest that CB1 receptors in muscle modulate glucose/pyruvate/lactate pathways and mitochondrial oxidative activity by targeting DLD.