A gestão de recursos humanos nas pequenas e médias empresas em Portugal: Definição de um modelo de atuação

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Empresariais

Avaliação do risco para peões em ambiente urbano

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil

Predicting SO2 pollution incidents by means of additive models with optimum variable selection

The aim of this paper is to predict time series of SO2 concentrations emitted by coal-fired power stations in order to estimate in advance emission episodes and analyze the influence of some meteorological variables in the prediction. An emission episode is said to occur when the series of bi-hourly means of SO2 is greater than a specific level. For coal-fired power stations it is essential to predict emission epi- sodes sufficiently in advance so appropriate preventive measures can be taken. We proposed a meth- odology to predict SO2 emission episodes based on using an additive model and an algorithm for variable selection. The methodology was applied to the estimation of SO2 emissions registered in sampling lo- cations near a coal-fired power station located in Northern Spain. The results obtained indicate a good performance of the model considering only two terms of the time series and that the inclusion of the meteorological variables in the model is not significant.

Macroscopic and histopathological study of the placenta: an essential resource in litigation processes

The pathological study of the placenta is of upmost importance in cases of unexplained fetal/perinatal loss and often these carry litigation implications. Integrating pathological findings and the underlying pathophysiological processes, leading to placental lesions, is fundamental for the evaluation of poor fetal and perinatal outcomes and to distinguish from cases of true negligence.

Brazilian multicenter study on efficacy and tolerability of trandolapril in mild-to-moderate essential arterial hypertension. EMBATHE substudy with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

OBJECTIVE: A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study involving 34 centers from different Brazilian regions was performed to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of trandolapril, an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, in the treatment of mild-to-moderate systemic arterial hypertension. METHODS: Of 262 patients enrolled in this study, 127 were treated with trandolapril 2 mg/day for 8 consecutive weeks, and the remaining 135 patients received placebo for the same period of time. Reduction in blood pressure (BP) and the occurrence of adverse events during this period were evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: Significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic pressures were observed in patients treated with trandolapril when compared with those on placebo. Antihypertensive efficacy was achieved in 57.5% of the patients on trandolapril and in 42% of these normal values of BP were obtained. The efficacy of trandolapril was similar in all centers, regardless of the area of the country. In a subset of 30 patients who underwent ABPM, responders showed a significant hypotensive effect to trandolapril throughout the 24 hour day. The adverse event profile was similar in both trandolapril and placebo groups. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate, for the first time in a large group of hypertensive patients from different regions in Brazil, good efficacy and tolerability of trandolapril during treatment of mild-to-moderate essential systemic hypertension.

Essential thrombocythemia and acute myocardial infarction treated with rescue coronary angioplasty

A 48-year-old man with essential thrombocythemia suffered an extensive anterior acute myocardial infarction; this is a rare association. A pharmacological thrombolysis was performed, without success. He subsequently underwent successful rescue coronary angioplasty. To our knowledge, there is no other report in the literature relating the triad of essential thrombocythemia, acute myocardial infarction and rescue coronary angioplasty.

Descentralização e flexibilidade organizacional: implicações para a gestão de recursos humanos

Dissertação de mestrado em Estudos de Gestão

Predictive value of clinical and electrophysiological variables in patients with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia

OBJECTIVE: Risk stratification of patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) and chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC). METHODS: Seventy eight patients with CCC and NSVT were consecutively and prospectively studied. All patients underwent to 24-hour Holter monitoring, radioisotopic ventriculography, left ventricular angiography, and electrophysiologic study. With programmed ventricular stimulation. RESULTS: Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SMVT) was induced in 25 patients (32%), NSVT in 20 (25.6%) and ventricular fibrillation in 4 (5.1%). In 29 patients (37.2%) no arrhythmia was inducible. During a 55.7-month-follow-up, 22 (28.2%) patients died, 16 due to sudden death, 2 due to nonsudden cardiac death and 4 due to noncardiac death. Logistic regression analysis showed that induction was the independent and main variable that predicted the occurrence of subsequent events and cardiac death (probability of 2.56 and 2.17, respectively). The Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test showed that survival probability was significantly lower in the inducible group than in the noninductible group. The percentage of patients free of events was significantly higher in the noninducible group. CONCLUSION: Induction of SMVT during programmed ventricular stimulation was a predictor of arrhythmia occurrence cardiac death and general mortality in patients with CCC and NSVT.

Distribution of cardiac geometric patterns on echocardiography in essential hypertension. Impact of two criteria of stratification

PURPOSE: To evaluate 2 left ventricular mass index (LVMI) normality criteria for the prevalence of left ventricular geometric patterns in a hypertensive population ( HT ) . METHODS: 544 essential hypertensive patients, were evaluated by echocardiography, and different left ventricular hypertrophy criteria were applied: 1 - classic : men - 134 g/m² and women - 110 g/m² ; 2- obtained from the 95th percentil of LVMI from a normotensive population (NT). RESULTS: The prevalence of 4 left ventricular geometric patterns, respectively for criteria 1 and 2, were: normal geometry - 47.7% and 39.3%; concentric remodelying - 25.4% and 14.3%; concentric hypertrophy - 18.4% and 27.7% and excentric hypertrophy - 8.8% and 16.7%, which confered abnormal geometry to 52.6% and 60.7% of hypertensive. The comparative analysis between NT and normal geometry hypertensive group according to criteria 1, detected significative stuctural differences,"( *p < 0.05):LVMI- 78.4 ± 1.50 vs 85.9 ±0.95 g/m² *; posterior wall thickness -8.5 ± 0.1 vs 8.9 ± 0.05 mm*; left atrium - 33.3 ± 0.41 vs 34.7 ± 0.30 mm *. With criteria 2, significative structural differences between the 2 groups were not observed. CONCLUSION: The use of a reference population based criteria, increased the abnormal left ventricular geometry prevalence in hypertensive patients and seemed more appropriate for left ventricular hypertrophy detection and risk stratification.

Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Essential Hypertensive Patients: Influence of Age and Left Ventricular Geometry

PURPOSE - To evaluate diastolic dysfunction (DD) in essential hypertension and the influence of age and cardiac geometry on this parameter. METHODS - Four hundred sixty essential hypertensive patients (HT) underwent Doppler echocardiography to obtain E/A wave ratio (E/A), atrial deceleration time (ADT), and isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT). All patients were grouped according to cardiac geometric patterns (NG - normal geometry; CR - concentric remodeling; CH- concentric hypertrophy; EH - eccentric hypertrophy) and to age (<40; 40 - 60; >60 years). One hundred six normotensives (NT) persons were also evaluated. RESULTS - A worsening of diastolic function in the HT compared with the NT, including HT with NG (E/A: NT - 1.38±0.03 vs HT - 1.27±0.02, p<0.01), was observed. A higher prevalence of DD occurred parallel to age and cardiac geometry also in the prehypertrophic groups (CR). Multiple regression analysis identified age as the most important predictor of DD (r²=0.30, p<0.01). CONCLUSION - DD was prevalent in this hypertensive population, being highly affected by age and less by heart structural parameters. DD is observed in incipient stages of hypertensive heart disease, and thus its early detection may help in the risk stratification of hypertensive patients.

Behavior of cardiac variables in animals exposed to cigarette smoke

OBJECTIVE: To assess the behavior of cardiac variables in animals exposed to cigarette smoke. METHODS: Two groups of Wistar rats were studied as follows: control group (C), comprising 28 animals; and smoking group (S), comprising 23 animals exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 days. Left ventricular cardiac function was assessed in vivo with transthoracic echocardiography, and myocardial performance was analyzed in vitro in preparations of isolated left ventricular papillary muscle. The cardiac muscle was assessed in isometric contractions with an extracellular calcium concentration of 2.5 mmol/L. RESULTS: No statistical difference was observed in the values of the body variables of the rats and in the mechanical data obtained from the papillary muscle between the control and smoking groups. The values of left ventricular systolic diameter were significantly greater in the smoking animals than in the control animals (C= 3.39 ± 0.4 mm and S= 3.71 ± 0.51 mm, P=0.02). A significant reduction was observed in systolic shortening fraction (C= 56.7 ± 4.2% and S= 53.5 ± 5.3%, P=0.02) and in ejection fraction (C= 0.92 ± 0.02 and S= 0.89 ± 0.04, P=0.01). CONCLUSION: The rats exposed to cigarette smoke had a reduction in left ventricular systolic function, although their myocardial function was preserved.

Influence of skeletal muscle mass on ventilatory and hemodynamic variables during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of skeletal muscle mass on ventilatory and hemodynamic variables during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS: Twenty-five male patients underwent maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill with a ramp protocol and measurement of the skeletal muscle mass of their thighs by using magnetic resonance imaging. The clinically stable, noncachectic patients were assessed and compared with 14 healthy individuals (S) paired by age and body mass index, who underwent the same examinations. RESULTS: Similar values of skeletal muscle mass were found in both groups (CHF group: 3863 ± 874 g; S group: 3743 ± 540 g; p = 0.32). Significant correlations of oxygen consumption in the anaerobic threshold (CHF: r = 0.39; P= 0.02 and S: r = 0.14; P = 0.31) and of oxygen pulse also in the anaerobic threshold (CHF: r = 0.49; P = 0.01 and S: r =0.12; P = 0.36) were found only in the group of patients with chronic heart failure. CONCLUSION: The results obtained indicate that skeletal muscle mass may influence the capacity of patients with CHF to withstand submaximal effort, due to limitations in their physical condition, even maintaining a value similar to that of healthy individuals. This suggests qualitative changes in the musculature.

Predicciones de variables hidrológicas en la Región Central Argentina

Con el devenir de los siglos, la mención de inundación adquirió una connotación negativa; ya no se la asocia con el efecto benéfico que le atribuían los antiguos egipcios, o sea, con el concepto de recurso, sino con los eventuales perjuicios que produciría en márgenes densamente pobladas, es decir, con el concepto de riesgo. En si una predicción no especifica cuándo se producirá un suceso hipotético crítico, sino, cual será la magnitud de este dada su duración y probabilidad. Por lo tanto, se asume que sucederá en algún momento de un período plurianual, vinculado con la planificación del área potencialmente afectable, lo cual torna improcedente asignarle fecha y hora. Esto la diferencia de un pronóstico, que anticipa el monto y el tiempo de ocurrencia, con el objeto de informar acerca del acontecimiento o inminencia de un fenómeno peligroso real durante una emergencia hídrica. La presente propuesta tiene como objetivo principal abordar el génesis de los eventos hidrológicos extremos, mediante la formación de recursos humanos propios, quienes se verán fortalecidos gracias a la colaboración de equipos técnicos especializados ajenos a nuestra institución académica, siendo estos equipos pioneros en abordar la problemática planteada. A su vez, se pretende generar una importante base de datos hidrológicos, la cual será empleada para validar y generalizar técnicas predictivas, brindando herramientas técnicas de validez y robustez comprobada, a todos aquellos entes responsables Vulnerabilidad del sistemade la planificación del uso del suelo, la gestión integrada del recurso hídrico, la defensa civil y la salud pública entre otros.

Influencia de variables de cultura, estructura y redes de conversaciones organizacionales sobre el logro de resultados en procesos de cambio de Pymes de Córdoba

Nos proponemos describir, desde las perspectivas de cultura, estructura y redes de conversaciones organizacionales, la influencia que tienen la competencia comunicativa, el equipo de comunicación, la coherencia interna de la configuración estructural, el tipo de liderazgo, los valores y las presunciones básicas, sobre los procesos de cambio desarrollados en Pymes de Córdoba y con ello sobre el logro de los resultados esperados. El tipo de investigación propuesto es descriptiva en una primera instancia, con la posibilidad (depende de la factibilidad determinada oportunamente) de análisis correlacionales. El objeto de estudio son PYMES de Córdoba que hayan desarrollado algún proceso de cambio (organizacional, tecnológico, de equipamiento, etc.) en los últimos tres años. El muestreo será de tipo no probabilístico. Para selección de empresas, la técnica a aplicar será por conveniencia y, luego, para seleccionar los directivos y operarios se aplicará el muestreo por cuotas. El diseño de investigación que se aplicará es no experimental, transversal. Siguiendo metodológicamente a T. Kinnear y J. Taylor, el método de recolección de datos será la comunicación (basado en la interrogación de los miembros de la muestra seleccionada para el estudio) y la técnica que se aplicará será la administración de cuestionarios semi-estructurados, complementados con entrevistas semi-directivas.

Distribución de gramíneas C3 y C4 en Argentina y su relación con variables climáticas

Las Gramíneas se caracterizan por la presencia de diferentes mecanismos fotosínteticos. Casi la mitad de sus miembros -unos 5000 - posee la vía fotosintética C4, siendo los restantes C3. Además, dentro de las especies que siguen la vía fotosíntetica C4, pueden reconocerse 3 variantes bioquímicas diferentes (NADP-ME y PCK). En los trópicos y subtrópicos la vía C4 confiere a las Gramíneas ventajes adaptativas que son atribuibles al mecanismo bioquímico de concentración de CO2 que se produce en las hojas. La taxonomía y biología de los pastos indican que la diversificación que experimentaron los mecanismos fotosintéticos fue crucial en la historia evolutiva y radiación adaptativa de la familia; asimismo, puede inferirse que tal diversificación se desencadenó en respuesta a cambios naturales en el pasado, en las mismas variables climáticas que están siendo antropogénicamente alteradas en la actualidad: CO, temperatura y precipitaciones. En el marco aludido, surge la pregunta de cuáles serán las especies capaces de adaptarse -y prosperar- cuando la concentración de CO2 se duplique en la atmósfera y, a la par, cuáles serán aquellas que no sobrevivirán. Mientras que el incremento en los niveles de CO2 puede favorecer el desarrollo de los pastos C3 en un ambiente con "efecto invernadero", el concomitante aumento en la temperatura favorecerá sin duda la implementación de los que exhiban el mecanismo C4; además, los cambios en la cantidad, intensidad y estacionalidad de las precipitaciones también ejercerán su influencia en la distribución relativa de las especies C3 y C4. El análisis empírico de las interrelaciones entre las variables climáticas y la distribución actual de los pastos C3 y C4 -incluidas las 3 variantes conocidas de estos últimos-, junto a modelos de cambio global, permiten predecir la distribución que, en el futuro, pueden llegar a tener los pastos en un escenario que exhiba un cambio climático determinado. Es por ello que, en este proyecto, se propone analizar, en el centro y norte de Argentina, la distribución actual de Gramíneas C3 y C4 y su relación con variables climáticas, con la intención de predecir la posible respuesta de los pastos ante determinados cambios climáticos utilizando modelos globales tales como el GIS o similares.