Utilizando mapas de conectividade fuzzy no desenvolvimento de algoritmos reparadores de imagens binárias 3D

A 3D binary image is considered well-composed if, and only if, the union of the faces shared by the foreground and background voxels of the image is a surface in R3. Wellcomposed images have some desirable topological properties, which allow us to simplify and optimize algorithms that are widely used in computer graphics, computer vision and image processing. These advantages have fostered the development of algorithms to repair bi-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images that are not well-composed. These algorithms are known as repairing algorithms. In this dissertation, we propose two repairing algorithms, one randomized and one deterministic. Both algorithms are capable of making topological repairs in 3D binary images, producing well-composed images similar to the original images. The key idea behind both algorithms is to iteratively change the assigned color of some points in the input image from 0 (background)to 1 (foreground) until the image becomes well-composed. The points whose colors are changed by the algorithms are chosen according to their values in the fuzzy connectivity map resulting from the image segmentation process. The use of the fuzzy connectivity map ensures that a subset of points chosen by the algorithm at any given iteration is the one with the least affinity with the background among all possible choices

A systematization for one-loop 4D Feynman integrals

We present a strategy for the systematization of manipulations and calculations involving divergent (or not) Feynman integrals, typical of the one-loop perturbative solutions of QFT, where the use of an explicit regularization is avoided. Two types of systematization are adopted. The divergent parts are put in terms of a small number of standard objects, and a set of structure functions for the finite parts is also defined. Some important properties of the finite structures, specially useful in the verification of relations among Green's functions, are identified. We show that, in fundamental (renormalizable) theories, all the finite parts of two-, three- and four-point functions can be written in terms of only three basic functions while the divergent parts require (only) five objects. The final results obtained within the proposed strategy can be easily converted into those corresponding to any specific regularization technique providing an unified point of view for the treatment of divergent Feynman integrals. Examples of physical amplitudes evaluation and their corresponding symmetry relations verification are presented as well as generalizations of our results for the treatment of Green's functions having an arbitrary number of points are considered.

Variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos em latossolo e argissolos

O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos de Latossolos e Argissolos, sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar em áreas com variações na forma do relevo. No presente estudo utilizou-se duas áreas, sendo uma em Latossolo em pedoforma convexa (158ha) e a outra em Argissolo na pedoforma linear (172ha). Foi coletada amostra de solo em malha na profundidade de 0,00-0,50m, realizando-se análise química de cada ponto amostrado. Os maiores coeficientes de variação e alcances foram observados na pedoforma convexa (Latossolo). Portanto, o Latossolo inserido na pedoforma convexa apresentou maior variabilidade espacial para os atributos químicos em relação ao Argissolo na pedoforma linear. O latossolo inserido pedoforma convexa necessita de maior número de pontos de coleta por apresentar maior variabilidade espacial. Recomenda-se que o intervalo de amostragem seja igual ao alcance da dependência espacial, para associar menor esforço de amostragem com maior representatividade.

Predição de frações digestíveis e valor energético de subprodutos agrícolas e agroindustriais para bovinos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fluctuating commutative geometry

We use the framework of noncommutative geometry to define a discrete model for fluctuating geometry. Instead of considering ordinary geometry and its metric fluctuations, we consider generalized geometries where topology and dimension can also fluctuate. The model describes the geometry of spaces with a countable number n of points. The spectral principle of Connes and Chamseddine is used to define dynamics. We show that this simple model has two phases. The expectation value , the average number of points in the universe, is finite in one phase and diverges in the other. Moreover, the dimension delta is a dynamical observable in our model, and plays the role of an order parameter. The computation of is discussed and an upper bound is found, < 2. We also address another discrete model defined on a fixed d = 1 dimension, where topology fluctuates. We comment on a possible spontaneous localization of topology.

Fluctuating dimension in a discrete model for quantum gravity based on the spectral principle

The spectral principle of Connes and Chamseddine is used as a starting point to define a discrete model for Euclidean quantum gravity. Instead of summing over ordinary geometries, we consider the sum over generalized geometries where topology, metric, and dimension can fluctuate. The model describes the geometry of spaces with a countable number n of points, and is related to the Gaussian unitary ensemble of Hermitian matrices. We show that this simple model has two phases. The expectation value , the average number of points in the Universe, is finite in one phase and diverges in the other. We compute the critical point as well as the critical exponent of . Moreover, the space-time dimension delta is a dynamical observable in our model, and plays the role of an order parameter. The computation of is discussed and an upper bound is found, < 2.

Optimal control problem for deflection plate with crack

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Mapeamento do contorno estrutural do embasamento da bacia sedimentar de Curitiba - PR

The sedimentary Curitiba basin is located in the Central-Southern part of the first Parananense plateau, and comprises Curitiba (PR), and part of the neighbour Municipalities (fig.1). It is supposed to be of Plio-Pleistocene age. It has a shallow sedimentary fulfillment, represented by the Guabirotuba formation (BIGARELLA and SALAMUNI, 1962) which is dristributed over a large area of about 3.000km2. The internal geometry, not entirely known yet, is actually object of detailed research, that shows its geological evolution to Cenozoic tectonic movements. For the purpose of this study the definition of the structural contour of the basement and their depo-centers is fundamental. This paper presents the results of the integration of surface and subsurface data, processed by statistical methods, which allowed a more precise definition of the morphostructural framework of the basement. For the analysis of the geological spacial data, specific softwares were used for statistical processing for trend surfaces analysis. The data used in this study are of following types: a) drilling logs for ground water; b) description of surface points of geological maps (CRPM, 1977); c) description of points of geotechnical drillings and down geological survey. The data of 223 drilling logs for ground water were selected out of 770 wells. The description files of 700 outcrops, as well as planialtimetric field data, were used for the localization of the basement outcrop. Thus, a matrix with five columns was set up: utm E-W (x) and utm N-S (y); surface altitude (z); altimetric cote of the contact between sedimentary rocks and the basement (k); isopachs (l). For the study of the basement limits, the analysis of surface trends of 2(nd) and 3(rd) degree polinomial for the altimetric data (figs. 2 and 3) were used. For the residuals the method of the inverse of the square of the distance (fig.4) was used. The adjustments and the explanations of the surfaces were made with the aid of multiple linear regressions. The analysis of 3rd degree polinomial trend surface (fig.3) confirmed that the basement tends to be more exposed towards NNW-SSE explaining better the data trend through an ellipse, which striking NE-SW and dipping SW axis coincides with the trough of the basin observed in the trending surface of the basement. The performed analysis and the respective images offer a good degree of certainty of the geometric model of the Curitiba Basin and of the morphostructure of its basement. The surface trend allows to sketch with a greater degree of confidence the structural contour of the topgraphic surface (figs. 5 and 6) and of the basement (figs. 7 and 8), as well as the delimitation of intermediate structural heights, which were responsible for isolated and assymmetric depocenters. These details are shown in the map of figures 9 and 10. Thus, the Curitiba Basin is made up by a structural trough stretching NE-SW, with maximum preserved depths of about 80m, which are separated by heights and depocenters striking NW-SE (fig. 11). These structural features seems to have been controlled by tectonic reactivation during the Tertiary (HASUI, 1990) and which younger dissection was conditioned by neotectonic processes (SALAMUNI and EBERT, 1994).

Métodos de interpolação para estimar o ph em solo sob dois manejos de café Arábica

There are many methods used to estimate values in places no sampled for construction of contours maps. The aim of this study was to use the methods of interpolation kriging, inverse of the square of the distance and polynomial in the representation of the spatial variability of the pH of the soil in the organic and conventional management in the culture of the coffee plantation. For that, irregular meshes were built for soil sampling in the depth of 0-0,10 meters, totaling 40 points sampling in each area. For gauging of the interpolation methods they were solitary 10% of the total of points, for each area. Initially, the data were appraised through the classic statistics (descriptive and exploratory) and spatial analysis. The method inverse square of the distance and kriging has low error in estimating dados. The method of kriging presented low variation around the average in different managements.

Concessions and road and rail transport optimization

Includes bibliography

Influência da combinação de dados GPS e GLONASS no georreferenciamento de imóveis rurais

The land question has been a widely discussed topic in Brazil, regarding land tenure. Law No. 10.267/01 was a major breakthrough for the agrarian issue. Since then on all rural properties must be georeferenced to the Brazilian Geodetic System (BGS). Therefore, satellite positioning and conventional methods are extensively used. Changes have been occurring in satellite positioning systems due to the addition of new signals in GPS (Global System Positioning), restructuring of GLONASS (Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System), and the new systems like Galileo and Compass as well. To evaluate the effects of combining GPS and GLONASS data, several batches of processings were performed on different configurations. The data processing was performed to determine the coordinates of points of basic support and those materializing the neighborhood of the rural properties. As a result, it was found that the use of accurate ephemeris in transporting coordinates to support points has no significant influence, since transportation with broadcast ephemeris also meets the accuracy requirements for the Standard Technique for Georreferencing Rural Properties. On the other hand, when GPS and GLONASS data were used, such combination provides the best results. In the case of neighboring points, the use of GPS and GLONASS data is also recommended because such data meet the precision requirement and showed better results than those from where data were processed separately.

Monitoramento de hosts em redes tcp/ip sobre base georreferenciada com métricas de qualidade

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Controle de qualidade aplicado na modelagem digital de terreno

Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT

Análise morfológica da superfície dos cones de guta-percha submetidos à desinfecção com hipoclirito de sódio a 1% e a 2,5% e sua influência no selamento marginal da obturação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Suspensões de Poisson, ergodicidade e o teorema central do limite

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)