980 resultados para Ações técnicas


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The inductively coupled plasma atomic emission, spectrometry (ICP-AES) and its signal characteristics were discussed using modem spectral estimation technique. The power spectra density (PSD) was calculated using the auto-regression (AR) model of modem spectra estimation. The Levinson-Durbin recursion method was used to estimate the model parameters which were used for the PSD computation. The results obtained with actual ICP-AES spectra and measurements showed that the spectral estimation technique was helpful for the better understanding about spectral composition and signal characteristics.

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本文对电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析 (ICP AES)中电荷注入检测器 (CID)得到的二维光谱的频率特性作了研究。测量光谱经过傅里叶变换得到其光谱的频域分布。结果表明 ,测量光谱在频域中的信号可被分为两部分 :即低频信号和高频信号。前者代表有用的分析信号而后者代表背景和噪声。然而 ,不能采用简单滤除高频信号的方法来去除噪声 ,因为这样虽然高频信号没有明显改变但会使背景变形。

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An information system for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (TCP-BES) in MS Windows environment was developed based on the previous work in the laboratory. The system contains the data of about 28 000 spectral lines and a function of ICP spectral simulation,so it would be very helpful for line selection. The system also contains the Kalman filter and factor analysis programmes written with MS Visual Basic(version 4.0), which can be used for spectral interference correction and peak position optimization. A large amount of real spectral scanning data of rare earth elements were included in the system for user's references. All these characteristics made the system more useful and practical.

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本文将反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ANN)用于ICP-AES中重叠光谱干扰的校正。利用模拟的Ce413.380nm和Pr413.361nm光谱对神经网络的训练方式、输入值范围、噪声影响等作了较详细的讨论。

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本文采用Voigt线形函数对ICP-AES中谱线重叠和结构背景的干扰作了模拟。结果表明,模拟的光谱与实测的光谱基本一致,因而利用模拟光谱对话线选择具有一定的指导意义。

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本工作以Kalman滤波技术为光谱干扰校正方法,选择典型的光谱干扰为例,系统研究了波长定位误差影响滤波结果准确性的规律性,提出了改善波长定位精度的途径。对于谱线重叠干扰的校正,波长定位精度一般应优于0.1pm;利用新息序列零均白噪音特性建立指示函数优化扫描光谱峰位,大大提高了波长定位精度,保证了滤波结果的准确性。

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本文采用国产WP-2L型平面光栅摄谱仪配置国产GP3.5D型ICP光源进行了彩色电视荧光级氧化钇中14个稀土杂质元素分析方法的研究。样品溶液以不去溶方式引入ICP。当样品溶液中Y2O3的浓度为20mg/ml时,测定下限分别为铕、镱和0.00020%,镧、铈、钛、钆、镝、钬、铒和铥0.00050%,镨、钐和铽0.0010%。相对标准偏差为3.2~9.8%。

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本文提出了用ICP-AES法直接对海洋沉积物标准样品中多元素同时分析。ICP-AES法具有灵敏度高,测量精度好,线性范围宽等优点[I-4]。在此文中对样品前处理做了方法的研究。选用了多元素同时测定,空白值低、省时的溶解方法。相对标准偏差为0.03-6.9%,同时对GSD-9标准样进行了分析,结果与标准样值相符。

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本文研究了用ICP-AES法,不必化学分离,一次同时测定混合稀土铜合金名14种稀土和非稀土元素,获得满意结果。

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本文将自模型曲线分辨方法(SMCR)应用于ICP-AES谱线重叠光谱干扰的校正,并就测量误差对重叠光谱解析结果的影响作了详细的研究和讨论。两谱线的重叠程度越大,随机误差对光谱干扰校正的影响越大。对测量数据作平滑处理。可以减小数据随机误差对结果的影响,但平滑次数增加,将导致光谱图变形,使干扰校正结果产生较大的误差。数据的平滑不能减小光谱偏离加和性的误差。本工作对两条光谱重叠的情况作了讨论,并取得了较好的结果,表明SMCR法是校正ICP-AES中重叠谱线干扰的一种简便、快速的方法。

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本文对ICP-AES分析中2种线性回归方法的校准曲线作了比较和讨论。对大多数元素而言,用加权法得到的校准曲线的斜率比不加权校准曲线的斜率略大,减小3校准曲线在低浓度部分的弯曲,曲线明显优于不加权校准曲线。将2种方法得到的校准曲线进行比较时,应将剩余标准偏差(或剩余变差平方和)及曲线截距等加以综合考虑。用含零标的标准系列制作校准曲线可使曲线的截距更接近原点,有利于提高在低浓度部分校准分析的准确性。

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本文研究了以流动注射进样的ICP-AES分析方法和NaCl的基体效应。0.25-2.5%NaCl对11个元素的影响结果表明,FI进样可克服常规连续雾化的信号漂移,从而改善了测量精度。不同功率下的NaCl基体的影响不同。结果表明,NaCl的基体效应主要存在于气溶胶微粒在ICP中的蒸发—原子化—激发过程。

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A method of analysis of high purity yttrium oxide with ICP-AES was described with emphasis on the study of Y_2O_3 matrix effects. The results showed that the line intensities of ana]ytes decreased with the increase of Y_2O_3 concentration in solution because of following factors. (1) The presence of matrix resulted in the decrease of the amount of analytes reaching ICP. (2) Matrix Y_2O_3 entering the plasma decreased the excitation temperature of the plasma and depressed the ionization of analytes in the pl...

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本文采用VG ESCALAB MK-Ⅱ电子能谱仪对多层结构的薄膜Cu_2S-CdS太阳电池进行了X-光电子能谱、俄歇电子谱和深度分析。指出了电池表面的组成、结构和状态。由于制备工艺和处理方法的不同,电池表面和界面会发生变化,从而影响薄膜Cu_2S-CdS太阳电池的电性能和稳定性。本文为电池机理的研究提供了一些数据。

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本工作利用一种改进型旋流雾室雾化氢化物发生装置,建立同时测定铅、砷、锑、铋、锗、锡及非氢化物元素的ICP-AES法。溶液中的Pb(Ⅱ)首先以H_2O_2-(NH_4)_2S_2O_8溶液氧化为Pb(Ⅳ),然后再与NaBH_4溶液反应产生氢化物,与由气动雾化产生的样品气溶胶一起被导入等离子体中。Pb,As,Sb,Bi,Sn,Ge的检出限分别为1.4,7.6,2.8,1.3,2.4和15μg/L,较通常的气动雾化法低20-60倍,硒、碲在氧化剂存在下不能产生氢化物。研究了共存元素的干扰及消除方法。实际样品(沉积物)分析结果与推荐值吻合。