Lectura dial��gica: interacciones que mejoran y aceleran la lectura

En este trabajo se aborda el estudio de la lectura dial��gica enmarcada en una m��s amplia concepci��n de aprendizaje que tiene sus fundamentos en las pr��cticas (comunidades de aprendizaje), teor��as (Freire, Habermas, Searle) e investigaciones (includ-ed) m��s relevantes de la actual sociedad de la informaci��n, situando en este nuevo contexto las aportaciones dial��gicas anteriores. Esto permite entenderla como una instancia coordinante de las actividades de aprendizaje que realizan todas las personas que interaccionan con los ni��os, especialmente quienes conviven con ellos en las aulas y en los domicilios, es decir, el profesorado y las familias. Aqu�� se intenta demostrar c��mo los centros que han adoptado esta concepci��n de aprendizaje dial��gico est��n consiguiendo mejorar y acelerar el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura de todos los educandos con m��s espacios y m��s personas que las tradicionales de la escuela heredada de la sociedad industrial. As��mismo, se constata c��mo se promueve la lectura de los familiares en casa y tambi��n en el espacio escolar a trav��s de las tertulias literarias dial��gicas que consiguen que personas que nunca han le��do un libro disfruten de obras de Safo, Joyce o Lorca. Resulta auspiciosa, adem��s, la colaboraci��n directa de familiares, de diversidad de profesionales y del voluntariado en el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura que realizan los estudiantes, no solo en el horario lectivo sino tambi��n fuera de clase.

Los beneficios de la Terapia con animales y naturaleza sobre las personas con diversidad funcional

El objetivo del proceso de investigaci��n de mi Trabajo de Fin de Grado recae en los beneficios que tienen la naturaleza y los animales sobre las personas con diversidad funcional y m��s precisamente sobre las personas con trastorno mental. Lo que me motiv�� en esta investigaci��n fue en primer lugar mi pasi��n por estos ��mbitos y en segundo lugar porque conoc��a la existencia de dos proyectos magn��ficos. Uno en el Zoo de Barcelona (Proyecto de voluntariado de personas con Trastorno Mental grave con el Zoo de Barcelona) y otro en la protectora de perros y gatos (CCAAS : Centro Comarcal de Atenci��n a animales de compa����a). Para eso me he sumergido en estos proyectos para poder comprender el impacto que ten��a la naturaleza y los animales sobre los usuarios. Han participado directamente cinco usuarios. He usado varias metodolog��as como la observaci��n, el diario de campo, la fotograf��a y la entrevista semi-estructurada. Los resultados extra��dos de la investigaci��n muestran como existen beneficios y tienen un impacto positivo hacia las dimensiones bio-psico-social de las personas con trastorno mental. Las limitaciones del proyecto dependen de la voluntad de participaci��n de cada usuario y a la naturaleza del estudio.

Beneficios, desventajas y barreras para ser voluntario: percepci��n de los voluntarios oncol��gicos

El objetivo de este estudio es describir los beneficios y desventajas que voluntarios de la Asociaci��n Espa��ola contra el C��ncer (AECC) perciben, as�� como las barreras que observan que existen para poder realizar dichas actividades. 58 voluntarios participaron en el estudio rellenando un cuestionario sobre los beneficios, desventajas y barreras en su experiencia como voluntarios. Los resultados arrojan que los voluntarios sienten m��s beneficios que desventajas, destacando en los costes la poca flexibilidad en algunas actividades de voluntariado. La falta de tiempo y el no disponer de informaci��n sobre el voluntariado fueron las barreras m��s mencionadas. Se observaron diferencias en los costes y beneficios seg��n el tipo de actividad (asistencial vs. no asistencial), y en las barreras seg��n la edad de los voluntarios. Los resultados se discuten en forma de posibles mejoras en el trato y seguimiento de los voluntarios oncol��gicos.

I volontari italiani nelle Waffen-SS. Il pensiero politico, la formazione culturale e le motivazioni al volontariato. Una storia orale

My doctoral dissertation examines the experiences of the Italian volunteers in the Waffen-SS troops using in-depth interviews with former volunteers as the main primary source. This phenomenon, even if significant in size (depending on the source, some 15 000-20 000 Italian men volunteered in the Waffen-SS), has been hitherto largely unknown to historical research. The available literature on the Italian volunteers, mainly written by military history enthusiast journalists and methodologically weak, concentrates mainly on the combat operations and military organization, and offers a rather stereotypical profile of the volunteers. My dissertation does not aim to reconstruct the military history of the different divisions of the Waffen-SS in which Italian volunteers operated but instead to examine the subjective, private and intimate experience of the volunteers in order to understand the motivations, attitudes, beliefs and cultural and family background, as well as their political ideas. The main objective of my doctoral dissertation is to discover the ideological precepts of the volunteers��� political credo. As the last phase of fascism and its ideology, often defined as the ���Germanisation��� or ���Nazification��� of fascism, is still the object of wide academic debate, a better understanding of the volunteers��� ideology also contributes to deepening overall knowledge of the nature of this last phase. The theoretical frame of my dissertation lies in oral history, in particular in the postmodernist approach to oral history, through which I reconstruct the volunteers��� ideology. In-depth interviews with former volunteers are the main primary source, but multiple data collection methods have been adopted. Phone interviews and correspondence with the volunteers have also been considered as primary sources. In addition to interviews and correspondence, family archives consisting of diaries, correspondence with the volunteers��� relatives and photographic material have also been collected and examined. An ethnographic observation of the volunteers��� domestic spaces has been conducted during the in-depth interviews, and photo self-elicitation techniques have been used in cases where the volunteers were willing to share their photographs. An exhaustive portrait of the ideological structure of the volunteers has been obtained, as well as of the cultural and social origins of the values that contributed to the rise and adoption of this ideology. Further, the volunteers��� motivations to enlist have been clearly reconstructed, together with their cultural, political, social and military backgrounds. The results of the research are particularly relevant both for comprehension of the Italian phenomenon of volunteering in the Waffen-SS and for the reconstruction of the ideological dynamics of the last phase of fascism. The volunteers��� political and ideological system, which can be defined as the Italian SS-fascist ideology, disagrees strongly with the vaguely described ideological profile offered by previous studies that describe volunteers as generically ���super-fascist���. The research also offers the opportunity for a deeper understanding of the final fascist ideological trajectory, currently defined, not without a certain level of approximation, as the ���Germanisation��� or ���Nazification��� of fascist ideology.

Religi��o e pol��tica entre alunos de servi��o social (UFRJ)

O artigo busca comparar a participa����o religiosa, c��vico-pol��tica e volunt��ria-assistencial dos alunos de servi��o social da UFRJ. Buscava-se identificar com que religi��es os discentes mais se identificavam (entre cat��licos, esp��ritas, protestantes e sem religi��o) e se a identidade e participa����o religiosas favoreciam a participa����o nas outras duas inst��ncias. A pesquisa abrangeu 756 alunos, em 1999 e 2006, de todos os per��odos, dos cursos diurno e noturno da Escola de Servi��o Social da UFRJ. O artigo conclui que os alunos n��o abandonam suas cren��as religiosas quando expostos a forma����o pol��tica. Al��m disso, eles demonstram ter esp��rito cooperativo e est��o dispostos a atuarem voluntariamente nas institui����es a que est��o filiados.

Challenges for virtual teams in voluntary organizations

This research concerns virtual teams in the field of volunteer work. The developments in the area of information and communication technology have decreased their costs and made them easily accessible. As a result, it seems natural that also the voluntary organizations have adopted online tools and virtual teams as a part of their work modes. However, virtual teams have not received much research in this context, and one of the goals of this study was to begin closing that gap. The research had two main focus areas: the challenges that the volunteers face in the teams, and the leadership that the teams have. The study used a qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted over Skype and email and included members from six different teams. The case organization was a European-wide student organization that widely utilized virtual teams in its work. The study identified three critical issues for managing the virtual teams. The first challenge was creating common ground for teamwork through electronic communication. Secondly, volunteering created challenges for the teams through variations in the level of commitment of the members, as some left the organization during the term of the team. Lastly, knowledge transfer was a challenge that came from changing the team members regularly each year. As for the second key topic, leadership in the teams was spread among the team members unevenly. The teams had a formal leader, but they exhibited signs of shared leadership, and the team members were able to influence the team through their own level of involvement. Especially the experience that a member had contributed the amount of influence she held. All in all, the challenges that the volunteers faced were similar to those of normal virtual teams. Volunteering brought additional challenges through the varying levels of commitment and the changing of the team members. Additionally, the role of the team leader was not as firm. The results of the study can be applied to other volunteer organizations that utilize virtual teams.

Challenges for virtual teams in voluntary organizations

This research concerns virtual teams in the field of volunteer work. The developments in the area of information and communication technology have decreased their costs and made them easily accessible. As a result, it seems natural that also the voluntary organizations have adopted online tools and virtual teams as a part of their work modes. However, virtual teams have not received much research in this context, and one of the goals of this study was to begin closing that gap. The research had two main focus areas: the challenges that the volunteers face in the teams, and the leadership that the teams have. The study used a qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted over Skype and email and included members from six different teams. The case organization was a European-wide student organization that widely utilized virtual teams in its work. The study identified three critical issues for managing the virtual teams. The first challenge was creating common ground for teamwork through electronic communication. Secondly, volunteering created challenges for the teams through variations in the level of commitment of the members, as some left the organization during the term of the team. Lastly, knowledge transfer was a challenge that came from changing the team members regularly each year. As for the second key topic, leadership in the teams was spread among the team members unevenly. The teams had a formal leader, but they exhibited signs of shared leadership, and the team members were able to influence the team through their own level of involvement. Especially the experience that a member had contributed the amount of influence she held. All in all, the challenges that the volunteers faced were similar to those of normal virtual teams. Volunteering brought additional challenges through the varying levels of commitment and the changing of the team members. Additionally, the role of the team leader was not as firm. The results of the study can be applied to other volunteer organizations that utilize virtual teams.

Talkooty��n verokohtelu

Tutkimus k��sittelee talkooty��n verotusta, joka liittyy l��hinn�� aatteellisten yhdistysten toimintaan. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on muodostaa selke�� kokonaiskuva talkooty��n verokohtelusta sek�� osoittaa oikeustapauksiin perehtym��ll�� mahdollisia riskitekij��it�� yhdistysten kannalta kielteisiin veroseuraamuksiin. Tutkimusmenetelm�� on lainopillinen eli voimassa olevaa oikeutta tutkiva. Ty��n teoreettisen viitekehyksen muodostavat siten lains����d��nt��, oikeuskirjallisuus sek�� Verohallinnon ohjeistus, jolla on ennakkop����t��sten ohella suuri k��yt��nn��n merkitys verotuksessa. Yhdistystoiminnan perusta on vapaaehtoisty��voima. V��lit��n, vastikkeeton ty�� suoraan yhdistyksen hyv��ksi on verotuksellisesti ongelmaton. Talkooty��suoritteet eli v��lillinen ty�� yhdistyksen nimiss�� kolmannen osapuolen lukuun muodostavat merkitt��v��n osuuden yhdistysten varainhankinnasta. Talkooty��tulo voi olla verotonta ainoastaan, mik��li korvauksen saaja t��ytt���� tuloverolaissa mainitut yleishy��dyllisyyskriteerit. Lis��ksi verottomuuden edellytyksen�� on se, ettei suoritusta pidet�� yhdistyksen elinkeinotulona tai ty��n tekij��n henkil��kohtaisena palkkana. Saatu tulo on k��ytett��v�� yhdistyksen tarkoituksen mukaiseen yleishy��dylliseen toimintaan, eik�� hy��ty saa kanavoitua ty��n tekij��iden hyv��ksi. Oikeustapausten perusteella talkooty��n verollisuutta arvioitaessa merkityst�� on annettu ty��n kestolle, toimeksiantajan johdon ja valvonnan olemassaololle, ty��n l��heiselle liittymiselle varsinaiseen yleishy��dylliseen toimintaan, kilpailuolosuhteille sek�� tulojen m����r��lle suhteessa muihin tuloihin. Ratkaisujen valossa verotusk��yt��nt�� vaikuttaa osittain ristiriitaiselta. Lis��ksi on muistettava, ett�� kyseess�� on aina yksitt��istapauksen kokonaisarviointi. Riskialttiilta vaikuttavassa tapauksessa verovelvollisen on suositeltavaa hakea ennakkokannanotto, sill�� usean vuoden ajalta kumuloituvat veroseuraamukset johtavat helposti syv����n talousahdinkoon, pahimmillaan jopa toiminnan lakkaamiseen.

International volunteers at a Costa Rican organic farm : sheepish volunteers, proud tourists and unwitting developers

This thesis analyzes the practices and experiences of two groups of Canadian volunteers who visited the organic fanning and "alternative development" project ofFinca la Flor (FLF) in central Costa Rica. Using both participant observation and in-depth interviews with volunteers and other people involved with FLF, I examine volunteers' understandings of their involvement with the fann. I argue that three discursive fonnations are instrumental in shaping this particular volunteering encounter. Specifically, interpretation of these Canadian volunteers' experiences inspires the argument that the emerging practice of international volunteering (or voluntourism) exists at the intersection of discourses of development, volunteering and tourism, all of which both reflect and maintain problematic North-South relationships. The analysis shows that in spite ofFLF's construction as an (alternative / sustainable) international-development project, and in spite of volunteers' initial conceptualization of their trip as "volunteering," volunteers tend to act and describe their time at FLF in ways that look more like tourism than like volunteer labor or international development. Likewise, although FLF claims to principally be focused on alternative development, and merely to open up this authentic development space to volunteers for their participation, the organization in both practice and discourse seems primarily to construct a tourist experience and cater to the needs of foreigners as tourists. Discourses of development and volunteering do infonn the practices offann personnel and volunteers at FLF, but they become subordinated to the more dominant discourse of tourism as the volunteers' and fann management's ideals of development and volunteering capitulate to become focused on satisfying volunteers' (perceived or "real") touristic desires. The FLF participants I studied may have entered the encounter as volunteers, but they departed the site having been tourists.

A Basis for Understanding Volunteer Coach Retention in Youth Sports

Youth sport organizations depend on volunteers to coach the teams in the organization. The purpose of this quantitative study was to develop a further understanding of volunteer coach retention in youth sport. The data was collected through a quantitative questionnaire which used close-ended and Likert-scale questions. The questionnaire collected data on the modified Model of Volunteer Retention in Youth Sports, reasons to withdraw from coaching and human resource management. There were 126 surveys collected from members of the three largest youth sport associations in the town of Aylmer, Ontario. The study found that Person-Task fit was the best predictor of volunteer coach retention as it significantly correlated to one���s intention to continue coaching (p< 0.01). Furthermore, additional reasons were found to explain withdrawal from coaching - if one���s child stops playing the sport or if coaching is too time consuming. The retention of volunteer coaches in youth sport organizations requires a multi-dimensional approach in understanding how to best retain volunteer coaches.

Youth Involvement in Organizational Decision Making: The Connection to Youth Initiative and Organizational Functioning

Studying positive adolescent development requires an examination of the mutually beneficial associations between youth and their environment. These youthcontext relations include both the contributions that youth make to others and society and the youth-context interactions that might predict positive youth outcomes. Community and youth-serving organizations, where youth may be involved in decision-making roles such as service delivery, advocacy, or on boards of directors, can provide one important context for youth contributions and for positive adolescent development. Research on the outcomes of youth involvement in organizational decision-making, however, is limited, and largely consists of exploratory qualitative studies. This dissertation is formatted as an integrated article dissertation. It begins with a review of the literature on contexts of structured youth activities and positive youth development. This review is intended to describe theory on development-context relations, in which development is considered an interactive process that occurs between individuals and their contexts, as it pertains the positive development of youth who are involved in various structured activities (e.g., volunteering). This description follows with a review of current research, and conclusions and rationale for the current studies. Following this theoretical and research background, the dissertation includes reports of two studies that were designed to address gaps in the research on youth involvement in organizational decision-making. The first was a qualitative research synthesis to elucidate and summarize the extant qualitative research on the outcomes of youth involvement in organizational decision making on adults and organizations. Results of this study suggested a number of outcomes for service provision, staff, and broader organizational functioning, including both benefits to organizations as well as some costs. The second study was a quantitative analysis of the associations among youth involvement, organizations' learning culture, and youth initiative, and relied on survey data gathered from adults and youth in community-based organizations with youth involvement. As expected, greater youth involvement in organizational decision making was associated with higher learning culture within the organization. Two dimensions of youth involvement, greater program engagement and relationships with adults, were related to greater youth initiative. A third dimension, sense of ownership, was not- .-.- associated with youth's level of initiative. Moreover, the association between relationships with adults and youth initiative was only significant in organizations with relatively low learning culture. Despite some limitations, these studies contribute to the research literature by providing some indication of the potential benefits and costs of youth involvement and by making an important contribution toward the early stages of context-level analyses of youth development. Findings have important implications for practitioners, funders, future research, and lifespan development theory.

The Transfer of Wilderness Trips to the Everyday Lives of Young People: A Case Study

There has been considerable research that investigates the outcomes, benefits, and perceptions of wilderness trip experiences. However, the transfer of learning from a wilderness trip to the everyday lives of youth trip participants, that has deliberately explored post-trip experience, is minimal. Using a qualitative multi-case study approach, methods of data collection included interviews with six youth program participants, six parents/legal guardians, and three program staff, as well as document solicitation. Reports from the participants suggested that the key content transferred to a post-wilderness trip context were interpersonal skills; life skills; and instances of personal growth. Participants applied their learning content from the wilderness trip to school; sports; community and international volunteering; work and career aspirations; family and home life; and social life contexts. Implications for adventure programming and curriculum design, instruction, and transfer are considered.

Anachronistic Me: An Autoethnographic Account of Recovery through Volunteerism

The purpose of this autoethnography was to reflect upon the ways in which my recovery was aided by the personal connections made while volunteering in a homeless shelter. Congruent with autoethnographic best practice, data were collected through a variety of means, including: journaling, field notes, participant observation, and collection of artifacts. An autoethnographic narrative emerged out of the analysis of data detailing my recuperative journey. Results indicated that my time spent volunteering at the shelter: (a) fostered a sense of Community, (b) made me aware of Realizations that broadened my perspective, and (c) aided in motivating me to be Intentional about Improving my Life. These three themes proved to be important factors in my recovery process. This thesis will inform social science researchers and health advocates by making a contribution to the growing body of literature regarding recovery.

La participation sociale au quotidien : une analyse de l���emploi du temps.

Notre recherche tente de comprendre l�����volution de la participation sociale et les nouvelles formes qu���elle prend dans la soci��t�� canadienne contemporaine. La participation sociale constitue d��sormais un enjeu important dans les soci��t��s d��mocratiques, o�� la vie sociale est menac��e par la logique marchande et o�� l���action de l�����tat sollicite de plus en plus l���engagement social. Nous nous demandons ainsi comment la distribution du temps de participation sociale a ��volu�� chez les Canadiens ��g��s de 25 �� 49 ans, afin de saisir de quelle mani��re les individus concilient quotidiennement leur vie professionnelle, familiale et civique. Nous avons ainsi analys�� la participation sociale �� partir de la place qu���elle occupe dans l���organisation de l���emploi du temps quotidien, plut��t qu����� partir de ses d��terminants. Au terme de nos analyses, nous pouvons poser deux conclusions majeures. D���abord, l�����volution entre 1992 et 1998, des activit��s formelles (b��n��volat) et des activit��s informelles (entraide) se caract��rise par la baisse du taux de participation. Par contre, il s���est ��galement produit un allongement du temps de participation du b��n��volat qui t��moigne de l���existence d���un �� noyau dur �� de b��n��voles. Ensuite, c���est la mani��re sp��cifique dont les individus organisent leur temps libre qui explique l���engagement social et le temps qui lui est consacr��. Ceci nous fait conclure �� l���influence r��elle mais non totalement d��terminante du temps de travail dans le fait de s���engager ou non et de consacrer de plus ou moins longues p��riodes �� la pratique de ces activit��s.

Relations sociales et troubles d��pressifs chez les personnes ��g��es au Qu��bec : interactions avec le genre et la r��gion de r��sidence

Chez les personnes ��g��es, la d��pression est un probl��me important en sant�� publique, �� cause de sa pr��valence ��lev��e et de son association avec les incapacit��s fonctionnelles, la mortalit�� et l���utilisation des services. La plupart des ��tudes ont montr�� que le manque de relations sociales ��tait associ�� �� la d��pression, mais les r��sultats ne sont pas clairs. Au Qu��bec et au Canada, on poss��de peu de donn��es sur la pr��valence de la d��pression chez les personnes ��g��es et de son association avec les relations sociales. Peu d�����tudes ont examin�� le r��le des relations sociales sur l���utilisation des services de sant�� par les personnes ��g��es d��prim��es. Le but de cette recherche ��tait d���examiner le r��le des relations sociales dans la pr��sence de la d��pression et dans la consultation chez un professionnel de la sant�� des personnes ��g��es d��prim��es, au Qu��bec. Plus sp��cifiquement, ce travail visait �� : 1) examiner les associations entre les relations sociales et les troubles d��pressifs selon la r��gion de r��sidence; 2) examiner les associations diff��rentielles des relations sociales sur la d��pression des femmes et des hommes ��g��s; 3) examiner le r��le des relations sociales dans la consultation aupr��s d���un professionnel de la sant�� des personnes ��g��es d��prim��es. Pour r��pondre �� ces objectifs, nous avons utilis�� les donn��es de l���enqu��te ESA (Enqu��te sur la Sant�� des A��n��s), r��alis��e en 2005 -2006 aupr��s d���un ��chantillon de 2670 personnes ��g��es r��sidant �� domicile au Qu��bec, qui nous ont permis de r��diger trois articles. Les troubles d��pressifs (incluant la d��pression majeure et mineure) ont ��t�� mesur��s, selon les crit��res du DSM-IV, en excluant le crit��re de l���alt��ration du fonctionnement social, professionnel ou dans d���autres domaines importants, �� l���aide du questionnaire ESA d��velopp�� par l�����quipe de recherche. Les relations sociales ont ��t�� mesur��es �� l���aide de cinq variables : (1) le r��seau social; (2) l���int��gration sociale; (3) le soutien social, (4) la perception d���utilit�� aupr��s des proches et (5) la pr��sence de relations conflictuelles avec le conjoint, les enfants, les fr��res et s��urs et les amis. Des mod��les de r��gression logistique multiple ont ��t�� ajust��s aux donn��es pour estimer les rapports de cote et leur intervalle de confiance �� 95 %. Nos r��sultats ont montr�� des pr��valences de d��pression plus ��lev��es chez les personnes qui r��sident dans les r��gions rurales et urbaines, compar��es �� celles qui r��sident dans la r��gion m��tropolitaine de Montr��al. La pratique du b��n��volat, le soutien social et les relations non conflictuelles avec le conjoint sont associ��s �� une faible pr��valence de d��pression, ind��pendamment du type de r��sidence. Compar��s aux hommes, les femmes ont une pr��valence de d��pression plus ��lev��e. L���absence de confident est associ��e �� une pr��valence de d��pression ��lev��e, tant chez les hommes que chez les femmes. La probabilit�� de d��pression est plus ��lev��e chez les hommes veufs et chez ceux qui ne pratiquent pas d���activit��s de b��n��volat, comparativement �� ceux qui sont mari��s et font du b��n��volat. Chez les femmes, aucune association significative n���a ��t�� observ��e entre le statut marital, le b��n��volat et la d��pression. Cependant, la pr��sence de relations conflictuelles avec le conjoint est associ��e avec la d��pression, seulement chez les femmes. Les relations avec les enfants, les fr��res et s��urs et les amis ne sont pas associ��es avec la d��pression dans cette population de personnes ��g��es du Quebec. En ce qui concerne la consultation chez un professionnel de la sant��, nos r��sultats ont r��v��l�� que presque la moiti�� des personnes ��g��es d��pressives n���ont pas consult�� un professionnel de la sant��, pour leurs sympt��mes de d��pression, au cours des 12 derniers mois. Par ailleurs, notre ��tude a montr�� que les personnes ��g��es qui disposent de tous les types de soutien (confident, ��motionnel et instrumental) consultent plus pour leurs sympt��mes de d��pression que ceux qui ont moins de soutien. Comparativement aux hommes mari��s, les femmes mari��es consultent plus les professionnels de la sant��, ce qui laisse supposer que le r��seau de proches (��pouse et enfants) semble agir comme un substitut en r��duisant la fr��quence de consultation chez les hommes. Vu la raret�� des ��tudes canadiennes sur la pr��valence de la d��pression chez les personnes ��g��es et les facteurs psychosociaux qui y sont associ��s, les r��sultats de ce travail seront utiles pour les cliniciens et pour les responsables des politiques �� l�����chelle nationale, provinciale et locale. Ils pourront guider des interventions sp��cifiques, selon la r��gion de r��sidence et pour les hommes et les femmes ��g��es, dans le domaine de la sant�� mentale.