Antibioterapia profilática na extração de terceiros molares inclusos

Contextualização: A extração de terceiros molares é um dos atos clínicos mais realizados em Cirurgia Oral. A presença de um terceiro molar incluso pode estar na origem de uma variedade de complicações. Pericoronarite, cáries dentárias e doença periodontal são algumas das indicações para extração de terceiros molares inclusos. A antibioterapia profilática para a prevenção de complicações pós-operatórias como a alveolite e a infeção do local cirúrgico é ainda um assunto que gera alguma controvérsia, particularmente em indivíduos saudáveis. Objetivo: Estudar a necessidade da antibioterapia profilática na extração de terceiros molares e os seus potenciais riscos e benefícios. Materiais e Métodos: Foi efetuada uma pesquisa bibliográfica na base de dados da MEDLINE/PubMed e no motor de busca da ResearchGate. Adicionalmente, foram coletados artigos de interesse da bibliografia recolhida e consultados alguns livros de forma a complementar a informação obtida. Conclusão: Não existe um consenso no que toca à profilaxia antibiótica na extração de terceiros molares. Os médicos dentistas devem, por isso, efetuar uma avaliação cuidada do estado clínico de cada paciente de forma a tomar uma decisão consciente relativamente à administração de antibióticos com o intuito de prevenir complicações pós-operatórias da cirurgia de terceiros molares inclusos.

Contextual text mining

With the dramatic growth of text information, there is an increasing need for powerful text mining systems that can automatically discover useful knowledge from text. Text is generally associated with all kinds of contextual information. Those contexts can be explicit, such as the time and the location where a blog article is written, and the author(s) of a biomedical publication, or implicit, such as the positive or negative sentiment that an author had when she wrote a product review; there may also be complex context such as the social network of the authors. Many applications require analysis of topic patterns over different contexts. For instance, analysis of search logs in the context of the user can reveal how we can improve the quality of a search engine by optimizing the search results according to particular users; analysis of customer reviews in the context of positive and negative sentiments can help the user summarize public opinions about a product; analysis of blogs or scientific publications in the context of a social network can facilitate discovery of more meaningful topical communities. Since context information significantly affects the choices of topics and language made by authors, in general, it is very important to incorporate it into analyzing and mining text data. In general, modeling the context in text, discovering contextual patterns of language units and topics from text, a general task which we refer to as Contextual Text Mining, has widespread applications in text mining. In this thesis, we provide a novel and systematic study of contextual text mining, which is a new paradigm of text mining treating context information as the ``first-class citizen.'' We formally define the problem of contextual text mining and its basic tasks, and propose a general framework for contextual text mining based on generative modeling of text. This conceptual framework provides general guidance on text mining problems with context information and can be instantiated into many real tasks, including the general problem of contextual topic analysis. We formally present a functional framework for contextual topic analysis, with a general contextual topic model and its various versions, which can effectively solve the text mining problems in a lot of real world applications. We further introduce general components of contextual topic analysis, by adding priors to contextual topic models to incorporate prior knowledge, regularizing contextual topic models with dependency structure of context, and postprocessing contextual patterns to extract refined patterns. The refinements on the general contextual topic model naturally lead to a variety of probabilistic models which incorporate different types of context and various assumptions and constraints. These special versions of the contextual topic model are proved effective in a variety of real applications involving topics and explicit contexts, implicit contexts, and complex contexts. We then introduce a postprocessing procedure for contextual patterns, by generating meaningful labels for multinomial context models. This method provides a general way to interpret text mining results for real users. By applying contextual text mining in the ``context'' of other text information management tasks, including ad hoc text retrieval and web search, we further prove the effectiveness of contextual text mining techniques in a quantitative way with large scale datasets. The framework of contextual text mining not only unifies many explorations of text analysis with context information, but also opens up many new possibilities for future research directions in text mining.

Mapeamento das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior da Região Nordeste do Brasil na Web

VANTI, Nadia. Mapeamento das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior da Região Nordeste do Brasil na Web. Informação & informação, Londrina, v. 15, p. 55-67, 2010

The Herculaneum Graffiti Project: Initial Field Season, 2014

This article describes the goals and activities for the first field season of The Herculaneum Graffiti Project. Our project fo-cuses on documenting and digitizing to make more broadly accessible the first-century handwritten wall-inscriptions, also called graffiti, in Herculaneum. Following an overview of the presence of ancient graffiti in Herculaneum, this report details the methodology we used to locate and document the inscriptions and the preservation status of ancient graffiti in each insula, or city-block, of the excavations. We further describe the preliminary results of the project’s documentation efforts. We are currently studying, processing, and digitizing these inscriptions and contributing them for inclusion in the Epigraphic Database Roma and EAGLE, the Europeana network of Ancient Greek and Latin Epigraphy. We conclude with a brief mention of development of The Ancient Graffiti Project, the digital resource and search engine devoted to ancient handwritten inscriptions.

El derecho al olvido en internet. El fenómeno de los motores de búsqueda

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto el análisis de la figura delderecho al olvido en Internet. Esta figura será analizada, desdesus orígenes, como meras solicitudes de tutelas de derechospresentadas ante las agencias de protección de datos de los paíseseuropeos, hasta su aplicación actual, configurado tal derecho comoun derecho cuasi-fundamental, enmarcado dentro de la esferadel derecho fundamental a la protección de datos. También, seráobjeto de análisis la labor desarrollada por la Agencia Españolade Protección de Datos, que fue la primera Agencia Europea quedecidió condenar a los motores de búsqueda por el mal tratamientode datos producido en su funcionamiento. Fruto de su labor,estos casos llegaron a la Audiencia Nacional, la cual realizó unabrillantísima, desde un punto de vista técnico, cuestión prejudicial,acerca de la actitud de los motores de búsqueda en relación conel establecimiento del derecho al olvido.

Development of an historical landscape photography database to support landscape change analysis in the Northeast of Portugal

Repeat photography is an efficient, effective and useful method to identify trends of changes in the landscapes. It was used to illustrate long-term changes occurring in the landscapes. In the Northeast of Portugal, landscapes changes is currently driven mostly by agriculture abandonment and agriculture and energy policy. However, there is a need to monitoring changes in the region using a multitemporal and multiscale approach. This project aimed to establish an online repository of oblique digital photography from the region to be used to register the condition of the landscape as recorded in historical and contemporary photography over time as well as to support qualitative and quantitative assessment of change in the landscape using repeat photography techniques and methods. It involved the development of a relational database and a series of web-based services using PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor language, and the development of an interface, with Joomla, of pictures uploading and downloading by users. The repository will make possible to upload, store, search by location, theme, or date, display, and download pictures for Northeastern Portugal. The website service is devoted to help researchers to obtain quickly the photographs needed to apply RP through a developed search engine. It can be accessed at: http://esa.ipb.pt/digitalandscape/.

ADVERTISEMENT ALLOCATION AND TRUST MECHANISMS DESIGN IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

Social network sites (SNS), such as Facebook, Google+ and Twitter, have attracted hundreds of millions of users daily since their appearance. Within SNS, users connect to each other, express their identity, disseminate information and form cooperation by interacting with their connected peers. The increasing popularity and ubiquity of SNS usage and the invaluable user behaviors and connections give birth to many applications and business models. We look into several important problems within the social network ecosystem. The first one is the SNS advertisement allocation problem. The other two are related to trust mechanisms design in social network setting, including local trust inference and global trust evaluation. In SNS advertising, we study the problem of advertisement allocation from the ad platform's angle, and discuss its differences with the advertising model in the search engine setting. By leveraging the connection between social networks and hyperbolic geometry, we propose to solve the problem via approximation using hyperbolic embedding and convex optimization. A hyperbolic embedding method, \hcm, is designed for the SNS ad allocation problem, and several components are introduced to realize the optimization formulation. We show the advantages of our new approach in solving the problem compared to the baseline integer programming (IP) formulation. In studying the problem of trust mechanisms in social networks, we consider the existence of distrust (i.e. negative trust) relationships, and differentiate between the concept of local trust and global trust in social network setting. In the problem of local trust inference, we propose a 2-D trust model. Based on the model, we develop a semiring-based trust inference framework. In global trust evaluation, we consider a general setting with conflicting opinions, and propose a consensus-based approach to solve the complex problem in signed trust networks.

Projeto InOut Expat

O Projeto InOut Expat foi desenvolvido para apoiar e ajudar os expatriados em fase de mudança para um país estrangeiro, através de uma plataforma eletrónica que oferece os serviços de uma secretária virtual para auxiliar em situações burocráticas e/ou pessoais. Oferece também, formação intercultural focada em cultura/costumes, etiqueta e linguagem não-verbal. O website tem informações gratuitas de todos os países do mundo como, o custo de vida, a língua oficial, o PIB, a capital, a bandeira que são informações facilmente encontradas num motor de busca na internet. Também apresenta links e publicações com noticias, ofertas de emprego e entrevistas a expatriados. Os expatriados envolvidos no projeto estão felizes pela decisão que tomaram em mudar de país, mas a maioria sentiu tristeza, insegurança, choque e outros sentimentos negativos na adaptação ao país de destino, a InOut Expat pretende colmatar estes sentimentos. O projeto está a cumprir o que promete desde fase embrionária. É sem dúvida uma ferramenta útil para quem opta por emigrar ou imigrar, principalmente no auxilio de uma secretária virtual para procurar casa ou trabalho.

Perceções e atitude acerca da publicidade nas redes sociais e nos motores de pesquisa : uma análise comparativa

Mestrado em Marketing

Relatório de estágio no Tivoli Hotels & Resorts

Na realidade que vivemos actualmente os “novos turistas” são mais bem informados e mais preocupados na escolha de um destino turístico, de acordo com as suas motivações. Como tal, a conquista de novos clientes é um desafio constante para qualquer destino ou produto turístico, surgindo assim novas formas de comunicar e chegar ao público que pretendemos impactar. Segundo (Marques, 2012) todas as definições de marketing enfatizam a proximidade da empresa aos seus públicos, levando-o a criar laços estáveis com ele. Esta afirmação aplica-se no marketing Digital na medida em que um dos objectivos é reconhecer o cliente e apresentar a informação que interessa ao cliente, reduzindo o “lixo digital”. O Marketing Digital, assume-se cada vez mais como uma ferramenta que não deve ser desperdiçada pelas empresas, porque uma boa presença online permite-nos, com pouco investimento alcançar mais clientes que resulta num maior número de vendas e mais receita. A presente Tese de Mestrado foi realizada através de um estágio curricular desenvolvido na cadeia hoteleira Tivoli Hotels & Resorts, no âmbito do curso de Mestrado em Marketing e Promoção Turística. No decorrer do estágio surgiu a ideia de dar a conhecer, com este trabalho, a importância do marketing online e a sua utilização como ferramenta de venda e todos outros benefícios, como divulgação e reconhecimento da marca que se traduz na chamada “reputação online”.

Epidemiologia das lesões em bailarinas de dança clássica

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Fisioterapia

Eficácia da anestesia em Endodontia

Introdução: Em Endodontia, a anestesia local é o método de controlo de dor mais utilizado, no entanto vários estudos revelaram que as técnicas anestésicas convencionais apresentam uma eficácia reduzida em casos sintomáticos. Existem várias alternativas às técnicas e anestésicos convencionais, assim como anestesias suplementares que podem ser utilizadas para aumentar a profundidade da anestesia pulpar, e que devem fazer parte do arsenal clínico de modo a possibilitar um tratamento indolor ao paciente. Objetivo: O presente trabalho visou reunir e analisar bibliografia sobre anestesia local em Endodontia e fatores que podem influenciar a sua administração. Foram abordadas técnicas e anestésicos utilizados atualmente, assim como outros métodos estudados recentemente, sendo destacada a eficácia destes na anestesia de pacientes diagnosticados com pulpite irreversível. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica no motor de busca Pubmed, tendo sido utilizadas as seguintes palavras chave: “Anesthesia”, “Local anesthesia”, “Anesthesia Technique”, “Anesthetic efficacy”, “Endodontics”, “Lidocaine”, “Articaine”, “Pulpitis”. Estabeleceu-se uma limitação temporal de 2005 a 2016, tendo sido incluídos 54 artigos com ênfase em estudos do tipo meta-análise, revisões bibliográficas e estudos clínicos controlados e randomizados. Conclusão: Em pacientes sintomáticos, de modo a controlar a dor pré-operatória, torna-se muitas vezes necessária a utilização de anestésicos de maior potência e de técnicas suplementares. Aconselham-se, por isso, técnicas como a injeção intraligamentar, intraóssea e infiltrações suplementares para assegurar a anestesia pulpar após técnicas primárias falhadas. Deve-se, ainda, ter em consideração a sensibilidade que alguns pacientes apresentam a determinados componentes presentes nos anestésicos locais, exigindo-se um especial cuidado na seleção e administração destes agentes.

Query routing in cooperative semi-structured peer-to-peer information retrieval networks

Conventional web search engines are centralised in that a single entity crawls and indexes the documents selected for future retrieval, and the relevance models used to determine which documents are relevant to a given user query. As a result, these search engines suffer from several technical drawbacks such as handling scale, timeliness and reliability, in addition to ethical concerns such as commercial manipulation and information censorship. Alleviating the need to rely entirely on a single entity, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Information Retrieval (IR) has been proposed as a solution, as it distributes the functional components of a web search engine – from crawling and indexing documents, to query processing – across the network of users (or, peers) who use the search engine. This strategy for constructing an IR system poses several efficiency and effectiveness challenges which have been identified in past work. Accordingly, this thesis makes several contributions towards advancing the state of the art in P2P-IR effectiveness by improving the query processing and relevance scoring aspects of a P2P web search. Federated search systems are a form of distributed information retrieval model that route the user’s information need, formulated as a query, to distributed resources and merge the retrieved result lists into a final list. P2P-IR networks are one form of federated search in routing queries and merging result among participating peers. The query is propagated through disseminated nodes to hit the peers that are most likely to contain relevant documents, then the retrieved result lists are merged at different points along the path from the relevant peers to the query initializer (or namely, customer). However, query routing in P2P-IR networks is considered as one of the major challenges and critical part in P2P-IR networks; as the relevant peers might be lost in low-quality peer selection while executing the query routing, and inevitably lead to less effective retrieval results. This motivates this thesis to study and propose query routing techniques to improve retrieval quality in such networks. Cluster-based semi-structured P2P-IR networks exploit the cluster hypothesis to organise the peers into similar semantic clusters where each such semantic cluster is managed by super-peers. In this thesis, I construct three semi-structured P2P-IR models and examine their retrieval effectiveness. I also leverage the cluster centroids at the super-peer level as content representations gathered from cooperative peers to propose a query routing approach called Inverted PeerCluster Index (IPI) that simulates the conventional inverted index of the centralised corpus to organise the statistics of peers’ terms. The results show a competitive retrieval quality in comparison to baseline approaches. Furthermore, I study the applicability of using the conventional Information Retrieval models as peer selection approaches where each peer can be considered as a big document of documents. The experimental evaluation shows comparative and significant results and explains that document retrieval methods are very effective for peer selection that brings back the analogy between documents and peers. Additionally, Learning to Rank (LtR) algorithms are exploited to build a learned classifier for peer ranking at the super-peer level. The experiments show significant results with state-of-the-art resource selection methods and competitive results to corresponding classification-based approaches. Finally, I propose reputation-based query routing approaches that exploit the idea of providing feedback on a specific item in the social community networks and manage it for future decision-making. The system monitors users’ behaviours when they click or download documents from the final ranked list as implicit feedback and mines the given information to build a reputation-based data structure. The data structure is used to score peers and then rank them for query routing. I conduct a set of experiments to cover various scenarios including noisy feedback information (i.e, providing positive feedback on non-relevant documents) to examine the robustness of reputation-based approaches. The empirical evaluation shows significant results in almost all measurement metrics with approximate improvement more than 56% compared to baseline approaches. Thus, based on the results, if one were to choose one technique, reputation-based approaches are clearly the natural choices which also can be deployed on any P2P network.

Reconhecimento de entidades mencionadas usando o Google

O Reconhecimento de Entidades Mencionadas tem como objectivo identificar e classificar entidades, baseando-se em determinadas categorias ou etiquetas, contidas em textos escritos em linguagem natural. O Sistema de Reconhecimento de Entidades Mencionadas implementado na elaboração desta Dissertação pretende identificar localidades presentes em textos informais e definir para cada localidade identificada uma das etiquetas “aldeia", "vila" ou “cidade" numa primeira aproximação ao problema. Numa segunda aproximação tiveram-se em conta as etiquetas "freguesia", "concelho" e "distrito". Para a obtenção das classificações das entidades procedeu-se a uma análise estatística do número de resultados obtidos numa pesquisa de uma entidade precedida por uma etiqueta usando o motor de pesquisa Google Search. ABSTRACT: Named Entitity Recognition has the objective of identifying and classifying entities, according to certain categories or labels, contained in texts written in natural language. The Named Entitity Recognition system implemented in the developing of this dissertation intends to identify localities in informal texts, setting for each one of these localities identified one of the labels "aldeia", ''vila" or "cidade" in a first approach to the problem. ln a second approach the labels "freguesia", "concelho" and "distrito" were taken in consideration. To obtain classifications for the entities a statistical analysis of the number of results returned by a search of an entity preceded by a label using Google search engine was performed.

Nursing Interventions in Prevention and Healing of Leg Ulcers: Systematic Review of the Literature.

Abstract Aim: To identify nursing interventions aimed at persons with venous, arterial or mixed leg ulcers. Methodology: Carried out research in the EBSCO search engine: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE with Full Text, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete, sought full text articles, published between 2008/01/01 and 2015/01/31, with the following keywords [(MM "leg ulcer") OR (wound care) OR (wound healing)] AND [(nursing) OR (nursing assessment) OR (nursing intervention)], filtered through initial question in PI[C]O format. Results: The different etiologies of leg ulcer require a specific therapeutic and prophylactic approach. Factors that promote healing were identified: individualization of care, interpersonal relationship, pain control, control of the exudate, education for health self-management, self-care, therapeutic adherence, implementation of guidelines of good practice and auditing and feedback of the practices. Conclusion: Person-centred care and practices based on evidence improves health results in prevention and treatment of leg ulcers.