Fast simulation of the forward tracking detector of HPLUS

The necessity of installing a forward tracking detector stack is discussed for the Hadron Physics LanzhoU Spectrometer(HPLUS). A local tracker is developed to solve the multi-track finding problem. The track candidates are searched iteratively via Hough Transform. The fake tracks are removed by a least square fitting process. With this tracker we have studied the feasibility of pp -> pp + phi(-> K+K-), a typical physical channel proposed on HPLUS. The single track momentum resolution due to the uncertainty of the positioning in FTD is 1.3%. The multiple scattering effect contributes about 20% to the momentum resolution in the FTD coverage. The width and the signal-to-background ratio of the reconstructed phi are 1.51 MeV and 4.36, respectively, taking into account the direct Kaon channel pp -> pp + K+K- as background. The geometry coverage of FTD for phi events is about 85.4%. Based on the current fast simulation and estimation, the geometrical configuration of FTD meets the physical requirement of HPLUS under the current luminosity and multiplicity conditions. The tracker is applicable in the full simulation coming next and is extendable to other tracking component of HPLUS.

Superfluidity in neutron matter and symmetric nuclear matter and the effect of a microscopic three-body force

The neutron (PF2)-P-3 pairing gap in pure neutron matter, neutron (PF2)-P-3 gap and neutron-proton (SD1)-S-3 gap in symmetric nuclear matter have been studied by using the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock(BHF) approach and the BCS theory. We have concentrated on investigating and discussing the three-body force effect on the nucleon superfluidity. The calculated results indicate that the three-body force enhances remaxkably the (PF2)-P-3 superfluidity in neutron matter. It also enhances the (PF2)-P-3 superfluidity in symmetric nuclear matter and its effect increases monotonically as the Fermi-momentum k(F) increases, whereas the three-body force is shown to influence only weakly the neutron-proton (SD1)-S-3 gap in symmetric nuclear matter.

Isospin effect of projectile fragment yields

Isospin asymmetry is very important in the nuclear equation of state (EOS), isotope yield from the projectile fragments can give information of the reaction process. In this paper projectile fragment yields are measured in the collision Ar-36,Ar-40 + Ni-64 at incident energy 50 MeV/u with different isospin asymmetry project Ar-36,Ar-40, data analysis, particle identification and event selection are described. Isotope yields are compared in these two reactions, and axe also compared with the empirical parametrization of fragmentation cross-section calculated by EPAX.

Isospin effects of the Skyrme potential and the momentum dependent interaction at intermediate energy heavy ion collisions

We improve the isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamical model by including isospin effects in the Skyrme potential and the momentum dependent interaction to obtain an isospin dependent Skyrme potential and an isospin dependent momentum interaction. We investigate the isospin effects of Skyrme potential and momentum dependent interaction on the isospin fractionation ratio and the dynamical mechanism in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. It is found that the isospin dependent Skyrme potential and the isospin dependent momentum interaction produce some important isospin effects in the isospin fractionation ratio

Measurement of total reaction cross section for neutron-rich nucleus Li-11 on Si-28 target at medium energy

The neutron-rich nucleus Li-11 is separated by the radioactive ion beam line RIBLL at HIRFL from the breakup of 50MeV/u C-13 on Be target. The total reaction cross sections for Li-11 at energies range from 25 to 45MeV/u on Si target have been measured by using the transmission method. The experimental data at high and low energies can be fitted well by Glauber model using two Gauss density distribution. The matter radius of Li-11 was also deduced.

小型符合影像探测系统的研制及其应用研究

随着中科院近代物理研究所重离子束治癌技术和浅层治疗应用基础研究的不断开展，对束流入射深度分布的影像测试研究成为了重要的研究课题。本论文基于此背景，成功研制了小型符合影像探测系统，并进行了深入的影像测试应用研究。符合影像探测的基本原理为通过符合探测系统对正电子放射性核素引起的正负电子湮灭辐射进行符合测量，并利用相应的影像重建方法就可以得到影像体的影像结果。研制的符合影像探测系统由两个探测单元组成，单元的核心探测器件为具有64个通道的位置灵敏平板型光电倍增管H8500，其前端与性能优良的BGO闪烁晶体阵列耦合，输出信号采用电阻网络简化读出。通过比较蒙特卡罗模拟结果和实际测试结果，优化设计了符合探测单元，主要确定了闪烁晶体单元的大小和组成阵列的构形：探测阵列由19X19块晶体单元组成，每块晶体单元大小为2X2X10mm3，间距为0.3mm的Tefon薄膜隔离。基于这种单元构形，探测单元的本征位置分辨约为：1.37mm(FWHM)，组成的符合影像探测系统空间位置分辨约为（对22Na源）：1.87mm(FWHM)。上述指标接近于小型符合探测系统最佳本征和空间位置分辨。符合影像探测系统分别在22Na 正电子发射源和12C束流入射有机靶不同条件下进行测试研究。采用中心焦平面影像原理进行数据的影像重建，得到了符合探测系统的空间位置分辨能力、最大计数率和靶内深度分布的影像测试结果。分析束流入射PMMA靶60秒后的测量数据，成功分离了靶内10C、11C 和15O 三种主要正电子放射性核素产物，对不同产物的深度分布与测试布拉格峰位进行了比较，得到了一种如何实现浅层治疗在线监测的研究方法。实验研究结果表明，研制的这一套2D符合影像探测系统具有高的空间位置分辨率、较大的探测视野(约50X50mm3)和较好的影像能力。12C束流入射有机靶的影像测试研究结果表明，该方法和该探测系统可以应用于重离子浅层治疗，可以在治疗过程中实现快速地、准确地对布拉格峰位进行监测

基于AFM的机器人化纳米操作系统综述

对基于扫描隧道显微镜(Scanning tunnel microscope,STM)及原子力显微镜(Atomicforcemicroscope,AFM)的纳米操作技术发展进行阐述,针对其中存在的主要问题,引述出机器人化纳米操作的必要性。接着,对国内外机器人化纳米操作系统的研究进展、现状及存在的主要问题进行详细分析,提出基于AFM的机器人化纳米操作系统的结构原型,并指出实现机器人化纳米操作所需解决的关键技术问题及相应的解决方案之一,为进行深入的机器人化纳米操作研究提供了可以借鉴的研究方向。

Reaction-controlled phase transfer catalysis for styrene epoxidation to styrene oxide with aqueous hydrogen peroxide

The epoxidation of styrene catalyzed by a reaction-controlled phase transfer catalyst [(C18H37(30%)+C16H33(70%))N(CH3)(3))(3)](3)-[PW4O16] with H2O2 in a biphasic medium was investigated. Under certain conditions, the selectivity for styrene oxide was 95%, the conversion of styrene based on H2O2 was 85%, and the reaction time was less than 1 h. During the reaction, this catalyst powder formed soluble active species by the action of H2O2, was recovered as a precipitate, and was reused after H2O2 was used up. After two times recycling, the catalyst kept almost the same activity.

Comparative Performance Measures of Fuzzy ARTMAP, Learned Vector Quantization, and Back Propagation for Handwritten Character Recognition

This article compares the performance of Fuzzy ARTMAP with that of Learned Vector Quantization and Back Propagation on a handwritten character recognition task. Training with Fuzzy ARTMAP to a fixed criterion used many fewer epochs. Voting with Fuzzy ARTMAP yielded the highest recognition rates.

Users & use: An exploration of the interaction between the user and the digital archive

This thesis will examine the interaction between the user and the digital archive. The aim of the study is to support an in-depth examination of the interaction process, with a view to making recommendations and tools, for system designers and archival professionals, to promote digital archive domain development. Following a comprehensive literature review process, an urgent requirement for models was identified. The Model of Contextual Interaction presented in this thesis, aims to provide a conceptual model through which the interaction process, between the user and the digital archive, can be examined. Using the five-phased research development framework, the study will present a structured account of its methods, using a multi-method methodology to ensuring robust data collection and analysis. The findings of the study are presented across the Model of Contextual Interaction, and provide a basis on which recommendations and tools for system designers have been made. The thesis concludes with a summary of key findings, and a reflective account of how the findings and the Model of Contextual Interaction have impacted digital provision within the archive domain and how the model could be applied to other domains.

Accelerating innovation in the social housing sector in UK

The UK government has been promoting innovation in the construction sector to improve the sustainability of the built environment. It has the potential and strength in developing construction research in design and engineering, but the impact of these processes seems to be slow in reaching the residential sector. While funding remains a major constraint research show that a number of detrimental issues including; organisation, risk, mind sets of the stakeholders, planning constraints,reluctance to accept change and the unexploited markets are major contributing factors. Most of these barriers can be overcome with research, development and information and knowledge transfer techniques. Educating all stakeholders can act as an accelerator for innovation. Given the large stock of existing dwellings, the situation is compounded, by issues related to climate change, to the point that this problem can no longer be ignored and requires an urgent response from all sectors involved. This paper attempts to highlight some of the key issues that are important in accelerating innovation in the housing sector. It briefly looks at the process of innovation in housing and presents lessons learnt from two research projects. The drivers and barriers and the role played by the government are examined in relation to the housing context.

Co-evaluation as a strategy to improve working group dynamics: an experience in Sport Sciences

The aim of this study was to analyze if the perceptions of students before and after carrying out the work, that is, their perception of different aspects of the functioning of the group, the working skills acquired as well as those they think that need to be improved, varied depending on whether the contribution of the different members of the group was being co-evaluated or not. 144 students of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences participated in this study. In order to analyze the students' perception of group work the adapted questionnaire by Bourne et al. (2001) was used. Results showed that groups which implemented co-evaluation assessed more negatively the experience in general than those which did not. However, co-evaluation groups perceived their competence to work as a team had improved to a greater extent than the groups without co-evaluation, evaluating more positively both the performance and the result of work and increasing their knowledge of the other team members. Using a co-evaluation system seems to generate both a better assessment of the running of the team and the result of its work.

Social networks applied to training

In this article, we address the importance and relevance that social networks exhibit in their use as an educational resource.  This relevance relies in the possibility of implementing new learning resources or increasing the level of the participant's connectivity, as well as developing learning communities.  Also, the risk entailed from their use is discussed, especially for the students that have a low technological education or those having excessive confidence on the media.  It is important to highlight that the educational use of social networks is not a simple extension or translation of the student's habitual, recreational use, but that it implies an important change in the roles given to teachers as well as learners; from accommodative learning environments that only encourage memorization to other environments that demand an active, reflective, collaborative and proactive attitude, that require the development/acquisition of technological as well as social abilities, aptitudes and values.  It is also important to highlight that a correct implementation and adequate use will not only foment formal learning, but also informal and non-formal learning.

One-pot multistep synthetic strategies for the production of fenpropimorph using an ionic liquid solvent

The one-pot synthesis of the fungicide fenpropimorph has been achieved using two different synthetic strategies in an ionic liquid. The first pathway consists of a Heck coupling followed by reductive amination; the second pathway consists of an aldol condensation followed by hydrogenation/reductive amination. Homogeneous and heterogeneous palladium catalysts have been utilised in the ionic liquid to provide a catalyst/solvent system that is suitable for recycling and process optimisation.