Pedagogía de los procesos cognitivos : el estilo cognitivo dependencia-independencia de campo y el estilo de aprendizaje en alumnos de secundaria.

Se estudian y analizan las diferencias entre alumnos de secundaria con distinto estilo cognitivo 'DIC', de aprendizaje, de expectativa de Autoeficacia Académica, de rendimiento académico, en relación con variables de la institución educativa, personales-académicas, estructura socio-familiar y sus variables psicopedagógicas. Además se pretende comprobar y analizar los efectos individuales e interactivos controlando las posibles influencias que la inteligencia pudiera ejercer sobre el mismo. En la investigación se opta por elegir alumnos de enseñanza secundaria de los tres niveles educativos existentes en ese momento (BUP, FP y ESO). En total 952 alumnos de Enseñanza Secundaria matriculados durante el curso 1993-1994 en Centros Educativos públicos y privados, ubicados en la ciudad de Salamanca. Para la medición de las variables se utilizan los siguientes instrumentos: Test de Figuras Enmascaradas (GEFT); Test de Inteligencia General (TIG-1); Cuestionario de datos individuales; Inventario de Estilos de Aprendizaje (LSI) y Escala de Expectativa de Autoeficacia Académica Percibida. Para cada centro se elabora una ficha en la que se incluyen los datos del colegio y las diferentes observaciones. Después de realizar el trabajo de campo y del procesamiento informático de los datos, se analiza estadísticamente los datos obtenidos de las 45 variables medidas, desde un punto descriptivo e inferencial, con diversas técnicas de análisis multivariable. Por último se analiza el estudio de las propiedades de medida del LSI (fiabilidad y validez) con los datos de la muestra. Desde el punto de vista teórico, la revisión de la literatura especializada nos permite concluir que la dimensión de estilo cognitivo Dependencia-Independencia de campo se muestra como un concepto con importantes aplicaciones educativas en cada uno de los elementos del curriculum, la interacción en el aula y la orientación educativa. En relación con el concepto de estilo de aprendizaje, se trata de un constructo multidimensional y complejo que recoge un conjunto de variables cognitivas, afectivas y fisiológicas que determinan los modos y las preferencias que los alumnos manifiestan en relación con el proceso de aprendizaje-enseñanza. Es necesaria la formación de alumnos bicognitivamente fluidos, es decir, con la capacidad suficiente para hacer uso de las formas propias de cada una de las dimensiones del estilo cognitivo, según las exigencias de las tareas o de los contextos específicos, consiguiendo de este modo una adaptabilidad máxima al entorno de aprendizaje.

Evolución de la oferta educativa para adultos : de la educación a distancia a los centros de segunda oportunidad.

Monográfico con el título: 'Aprender a lo largo de la vida'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Interpreting students??? perceptions in fluid mechanics learning outcomes

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Nótulas sobre a arquitectura musical da água

É possível estabelecer relações fortes e seguras entra a Arquitectura e a Música. No caso vertente, é a Arquitectura que se recolhe, serenamente, e deixa que a Música se delicie na sua mágica, desfrutando da Água como elemento primordial, somático e germinal… Do barroco aos nossos dias, a música expande-se, navega, descobre-se com e na água, para nosso deleite, para desenho e desígnio de espaços auditivos, verbais, fluidos, dinâmicos: a forma da água através do som.

Las mujeres indígenas en la construcción comunitaria geografías sexuadas

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar las formas en que los asuntos de sexualidad y matrimonio de algunas mujeres indígenas son de pertinencia colectiva, trascendiendo incluso las fronteras de la comunidad local. La pregunta que guía esta reflexión es sobre las maneras en que los patrones sexuales y matrimoniales vigentes comprometen a las mujeres indígenas en la construcción de su comunidad ubicada en este caso, dentro de un espacio fronterizo marcado por la violencia. Veremos que, modelos de ordenamiento sexual-matrimonial aplicados diferentemente a hombres y mujeres, son esenciales en la reproducción comunitaria, y éstos, en combinación con factores demográficos, territoriales y patriarcales han creado cierta geografía para la sexualidad femenina cuyos límites de desplazamiento se circunscriben al espacio comunitario. A diferencia de ellas, los hombres se insertan en los amplios circuitos de circulación característicos de la frontera, obviamente, dentro de los límites impuestos por el orden nacional jerarquizado de clase, raza y género donde la población indígena ha sido históricamente excluida. Este trabajo trata en sí de hacer una lectura de la geografía sexualizada de desplazamientos que experimentan las mujeres indígenas de la zona fronteriza. El estudio tiene una entrada por los teóricos de frontera en un sentido geopolítico y cultural. Ser fronterizo implica actualmente convivir en un espacio donde la circulación de personas, cosas, códigos, transcurren de manera constante conformando una sola comunidad en sitios que han sido forzados a quedar divididos por una línea geopolítica. En estas circunstancias, el hecho de construir una comunidad es una tarea cotidiana de cada uno de sus componentes forjada en los fluidos constantes de personas y cosas. La construcción de una pequeña comunidad indígena desde una perspectiva feminista, es un proceso cotidiano que marca rutas distintas para hombres y mujeres. Las diferencias sexuadas de tales desplazamientos marcan una nueva forma de entender la vida de las mujeres indígenas tanto dentro como fuera de su comunidad. Ellas crecen en una forzada exclusión de género al interior de sus comunidades, y en un proceso de discriminaciones cuando se enfrentan a la sociedad no indígena. Cabe advertir, que este trabajo no va encaminado a buscar las posibles causas de tal exclusión, sino que es más bien una lectura sincrónica de este hecho.

Diagnóstico da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana utilizando a saliva coletada com swab

As leishmanioses caracterizam-se por um espectro de doenças distribuídas endemicamente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais do mundo. A obtenção de material biológico para análise diagnóstica apresenta cuidados cruciais ao paciente, por se tratar de um processo invasivo, passível de inflamação, e podendo haver reativação da doença, em alguns casos. Diante do avanço das técnicas moleculares e da utilização de alguns fluidos biológicos para o diagnóstico da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA), cogitou-se a possibilidade da identificação de DNA de Leishmania spp. em saliva através do método de coleta de swab, sendo contribuinte para o avanço no diagnóstico laboratorial. Assim, o propósito do estudo foi a identificação de DNA de Leishmania spp. a partir do diagnóstico molecular. Foram incluídos no estudo os pacientes que apresentaram lesões ativas, diagnósticos clínicos para LTA, antecedentes epidemiológicos compatíveis e não possuíam lesões cutâneo mucosas. O diagnóstico laboratorial envolveu a abordagem parasitológica através da pesquisa direta do parasito em amostras escarificadas de lesões, enquanto que o molecular compreendeu a extração do DNA das amostras de biópsia e swab salivar, seguidas da reação de PCR convencional (cPCR) e PCR em tempo real (qPCR). Foram investigados 40 pacientes com LTA havendo ocorrência de DNA do parasito em 10 amostras de saliva com cPCR, e 36 amostras utilizando qPCR. Em 28 amostras de biópsias também foi possível a detecção do DNA de Leishmania spp. e em 35 amostras de escarificado de lesão foram encontradas formas amastigotas do parasito, através de pesquisa direta. Na comparação entre os métodos propostos, a biópsia apresentou uma média de 50 por cento de compatibilidade em relação a cPCR e 67,5 por cento para a qPCR. A análise comparativa observou entre o diagnóstico parasitológico e os diagnósticos moleculares uma concordância de 32,5 por cento (14/40) em relação a cPCR, enquanto que a qPCR obteve 75,5 por cento (31/40) de concordância. Considerando a sensibilidade das técnicas de PCR utilizadas e o procedimento de coleta, através de swab advindo de fluidos salivares, os resultados demonstram a viabilidade do método de coleta de Leishmania spp. como uma nova abordagem diagnóstica auxiliar para a LTA, com benefícios à saúde do paciente

Role of PPAR-gamma in the Modulation of CD36 and FcgammaRII induced by LDL with Low and High Degrees of Oxidation During the Differentiation of the Monocytic THP-1 Cell Line

Scavenger or Fc gamma receptors are important for capture and clearance of modified LDL particles by monocytes/macrophages. Uptake via scavenger receptors is not regulated by intracellular levels of cholesterol and in consequence, macrophages develop into foam cells in the arterial intima. The levels of scavenger receptor CD36 are increased in atherosclerotic lesions and there is evidence that some components of oxLDL auto-regulate the expression of this receptor. Fc gamma receptor expression is increased in cardiovascular diseases but it is not known weather their expression is regulated by oxLDL. The biological properties of oxLDLs vary depending on the degree of oxidation. In the present study we investigated the effect of LDL particles showing extensive or low oxidation (HoxLDL and LoxLDL) on the expression of CD36 and Fc gamma RII in a human monocytic cell line (THP-1), differentiated or not to macrophage, and the involvement of PPAR gamma. It was found that both forms of oxLDL are able to increase the expression of CD36 and Fc gamma RII and that this effect is dependent on the degree of oxidation and of the stage of cell differentiation ( monocyte or macrophage). We also showed that the increased expression of Fc gamma RII is dependent on PPAR. whereas that of the CD36 is independent of PPAR gamma. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

Autoantibody response to chromatographic fractions from oxidized LDL in unstable angina patients and healthy controls

Levels of autoantibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) have been correlated to atherosclerosis; however, contradictory results have been shown. To better understand the role of autoantibodies to oxLDL in atherogenesis, and their potential to predict risk of developing coronary artery disease we investigated the antibody response of unstable angina (UA) patients and healthy controls against chromatographic separated fractions of oxLDL. Five major peaks were detected after chromatographic separation of oxLDL and 10 fractions were collected. Surprisingly, when the response to high molecular weight fractions was analysed, we observed a significant increase in the levels of autoantibodies in controls compared to UA. In contrast, when the autoantibody response to intermediate and low molecular weight fractions was analysed, we observed that the UA group showed consistently higher levels compared with controls. Our data demonstrates that within oxLDL there are major fractions that can be recognized by autoantibodies from either UA patients or healthy individuals, and that the use of total oxLDL as an antigen pool may mask the presence of some antigenic molecules and their corresponding antibodies. Further studies are needed, but the analysis of antibody profiles may indeed open up a novel approach for evaluation and prevention against atherosclerosis.

Liquid crystalline cellulosic elastomers: free standing anisotropic films under stretching

The structure and local ordering of 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate-(acetoxypropy1) cellulose (HDI-APC) liquid crystalline elastomer thin films are investigated by using X-ray diffraction and scattering techniques. Optical microscopy and mechanical essays are performed to complement the investigation. The study is performed in films subjected or not to an uniaxial stress. Our results indicate that the film is constituted by a bundle of helicoidal fiber-like structure, where the cellobiose block spins around the axis of the fiber, like a string-structure in a smectic-like packing, with the pitch defined by a smectic-like layer. The fibers are in average perpendicular to the smectic-like planes. Without the stretch, these bundles are warped, only with a residual orientation along the casting direction. The stretch orients the bundles along it, increasing the smectic-like and the nematic-like ordering of the fibers. Under stress, the network of molecules which connects the cellobiose blocs and forms the cellulosic matrix tends to organize their links in a hexagonal-like structure with lattice parameter commensurate to the smectic-like structure.

Analytical quantification of low-density lipoprotein using europium tetracycline indicator

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is known as `bad` cholesterol. If too much LDL circulates in the blood it can be retained in the walls of the arteries, causing atherosclerosis. In this paper we showed an alternative method to quantify LDL using the europium tetracycline (EuTc) indicator. The optical properties of the EuTc complex were investigated in aqueous solutions containing LDL. An enhancement was observed of the europium luminescence in the solutions with LDL compared those without the lipoprotein. A method to quantify the amount of LDL in a sample, based on EuTc enhanced luminescence, is proposed. The enhancement mechanism is also discussed. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Investigation of the Europium Emission Spectra of the Europium-Oxytetracycline Complex in the Presence of Human Low-Density Lipoproteins

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), often known as ""bad cholesterol"" is one of the responsible to increase the risk of coronary arterial diseases. For this reason, the cholesterol present in the LDL particle has become one of the main parameters to be quantified in routine clinical diagnosis. A number of tools are available to assess LDL particles and estimate the cholesterol concentration in the blood. The most common methods to quantify the LDL in the plasma are the density gradient ultracentrifugation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). However, these techniques require special equipments and can take a long time to provide the results. In this paper, we report on the increase of the Europium emission in Europium-oxytetracycline complex aqueous solutions in the presence of LDL. This increase is proportional to the LDL concentration in the solution. This phenomenum can be used to develop a method to quantify the number of LDL particles in a sample. A comparison between the performances of the oxytetracycline and the tetracycline in the complexes is also made.

Surface Activity of the Triflate Ion at the Air/Water Interface and Properties of N,N,N-Trimethyl-N-Dodecylammonium Triflate Aqueous Solutions

The surface activity of salts added to water is Air orders of magnitude lower than that of surfactants. Sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaTf) produced a change in surface tension. with concentration, Delta gamma/Delta c, of -13.2 mN.L/m.mol. This value is ca. 4-fold larger than those of simple salts and that of methanesulfonate. This unexpected surface effect suggested that positively charged micelles containing Tf could exhibit interesting properties. Dodecyltrimethylammonium triflate (DTATf) had a higher Kraft temperature (37 degrees C) and a lower cmc (5 x 10(-3)M) and degree of dissociation (0.11) than the chloride and bromide salts of DTA. Above the Kraft temperature, at a characteristic temperature t(1), the addition of NaTf above 0.05 M. to a DTATf solution induced phase separation. By increasing the temperature of the two-phase system to above t(1), a homogeneous, transparent solution was obtained at a characteristic temperature t(2). These results, together with well-known triflate properties, led us to suggest that the Tf ion pairs With DTA and that the -CF(3) group may be dehydrated in the interfacial region, resulting in new and interesting self-aggregated structures.

The effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fumed silica on the rheology of magnetorheological suspensions

We investigate magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) prepared with carbonyl iron powder and different types of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fumed silica. The rheological properties of the MRF suspensions were investigated with and without an applied magnetic field. The MRF samples prepared with hydrophobic silicas presented a more pronounced thixotropic effect and a higher recovery rate than those prepared with hydrophilic silicas. The application of a magnetic field to all the MRFs samples investigated leads to an increase in the viscosity and the thixotropic effect. MRF prepared with hydrophobic silicas presented smaller values of the viscosity than those prepared with hydrophilic silicas. At low applied magnetic fields, the type of the silica used to prepare the MRF leads to noticeable differences in the shear stress. However, these differences disappear at high magnetic fields. The results obtained showed that MRF samples prepared with the hydrophobic silica with the biggest particle diameter presented better characteristics for magnetorheological fluids, with higher values of yield stress, recovery rate, and elastic modulus. (C) 2009 The Society of Rheology. [DOI: 10.1122/1.3086870]

Lápides Virtuais: análise das narrativas sobre a morte na rede social Orkut

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul