Intervention strategies on teachers focused on creating meaningful educational environments for mathematical abilities development

This article describes an intervention process undertaken in a training program for preschool and first grade teachers from public schools in Cali, Colombia. The objective of this process is to provide a space for teachers to reflect on pedagogical practices which allow them to generate educational processes that foster children’s understanding of mathematical knowledge in the classroom. A set of support strategies was presented for helping teachers in the design, analysis and implementation of learning environments as meaningful educational spaces. Furthermore, participants engaged in an analysis of their own intervention modalities to identify which modalities facilitate the development of mathematical abilities in children. In order to ascertain the transformations in the teachers’ learning environments, the mathematical competences and cognitive processes underlying the activities proposed in the classroom, as well as teacher intervention modalities and the types of student participation in classroom activities were examined both before and after the intervention process. Transformations in the teachers’ conceptions about the children’s abilities and their own practices in teaching mathematics in the classroom were evidenced.

Sintomas de Stress em Professores Brasileiros

O presente artigo pretende refletir e destacar os principais sintomas físicos e psicológicos de stress encontrados em professores das primeiras séries do ensino fundamental em escolas públicas estaduais de uma cidade brasileira. Exercer a atividade docente implica, para o professor, ter uma ocupação que exige certo grau de habilidade, preparo e conhecimento atualizado, ao mesmo tempo em que este profissional necessita praticar ações que desenvolvam as habilidades cognitivas, afetivas e sociais. A análise dos resultados obtidos indica que os sintomas de stress estão presentes na maioria dos professores, prevalecendo o stress na fase de resistência. A sintomatologia predominante foram os sintomas psicológicos, na qual se apresentam como mais significativos: a irritabilidade excessiva, pensar constantemente em um só assunto e sensibilidade emotiva excessiva. Na área física, os sintomas mais presentes foram: cansaço constante, sensação de desgaste físico constante e problemas com a memória.

Os estilos parentais e sua relação com a indecisão profissional, ansiedade e depressão dos filhos adolescentes

Este estudo investigou a influência dos estilos parentais sobre a indecisão profissional, ansiedade e depressão de 467 estudantes de ambos os sexos, do último ano do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas e privadas, com idades entre 15 e 20 anos. Foram observadas correlações positivas entre indecisão, ansiedade e depressão. Meninas apresentaram índices maiores de ansiedade e alunos da rede pública apresentaram maiores índices de ansiedade e depressão. Os estilos autoritativo e negligente predominaram, mas meninos caracterizaram as mães como mais negligentes e menos autoritativas. Sexo e estilo parental tiveram efeitos independentes sobre ansiedade e depressão. Filhos de pais autoritários e negligentes apresentaram escores mais altos de depressão e ansiedade. Filhos de pais negligentes obtiveram os piores escores nas três medidas. Os achados confirmam a influência dos estilos parentais sobre o bem-estar psicológico dos adolescentes e apontam a importância da saúde emocional e da interação familiar nos processos de Orientação Profissional.

A exploração e a indecisão vocacionais em adolescentes no contexto educacional brasileiro

Este estudo investigou a exploração e a indecisão vocacionais em 659 alunos, de ambos os sexos e com idade média de 16,8 anos (DP=0,8), da terceira série do ensino médio de escolas públicas e particulares da cidade de Porto Alegre. A exploração vocacional foi definida como um construto multidimensional e a indecisão vocacional como uma variável unidimensional contínua. Um Questionário Sócio-demográfico, a Escala de Indecisão Vocacional (EIV) e o Levantamento de Exploração Vocacional (LEV) foram os instrumentos utilizados. Uma questão foi criada para a avaliação da postura dos adolescentes frente ao processo de escolha profissional. O LEV foi desenvolvido para a mensuração da exploração vocacional. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente de forma descritiva e inferencial; neste caso foram realizadas uma análise de variância multivariada, análises de correlação bivariada e análises de regressão múltipla. Os resultados indicaram que os alunos da terceira série do ensino médio possuem níveis médio-altos de exploração vocacional e níveis médio-baixos de indecisão vocacional; que as moças apresentam níveis maiores de exploração e indecisão vocacionais do que os rapazes; que os alunos das escolas particulares acreditam mais nas oportunidades profissionais do que os alunos das escolas públicas; que os jovens engajados no processo de escolha profissional apresentam níveis mais altos de exploração vocacional e níveis mais baixos de indecisão vocacional do que os jovens não engajados e ambíguos; que a maior parte das dimensões da exploração vocacional correlaciona-se positivamente entre si e negativamente com o nível de indecisão vocacional; que a indecisão vocacional e o sexo são importantes preditores para a exploração vocacional; e que a exploração vocacional e a postura frente ao processo de escolha profissional são importantes preditores para a indecisão vocacional. Tais resultados forneceram uma ampla descrição sobre o comportamento exploratório e o sentimento de indecisão vocacionais dos alunos da terceira série do ensino médio, que se encontram em um momento da vida escolar em que são socialmente chamados a definir uma escolha profissional.

The impact of structured teaching methods on the quality of education

This paper estimates the impact of the use of structured methods on the quality of education of the students in primary public school in Brazil. Structure methods encompass a range of pedagogical and managerial instruments applied to the education system. In recent years, several municipalities in the State of São Paulo have contracted out private educational providers to implement these structured methods in their schooling system. Their pedagogical proposal involves structuring curriculum contents, elaboration and use of teachers and students textbooks, and training and supervision of the teachers and instructors. Using a difference in differences estimation strategy, we find that the fourth and eighth grader students in the municipalities with structured methods performed better in Portuguese and Math than students in municipalities not exposed to the methods. We find no differences in approval rates. However, a robustness check is not able to discard the possibility that unobserved municipal characteristics may affect the results.

O argumento de inclusão enquanto política de acesso à universidade pública

There are a great number of evidences showing that education is extremely important in many economic and social dimensions. In Brazil, education is a right guaranteed by the Federal Constitution; however, in the Brazilian legislation the right to the three stages of basic education: Kindergarten, Elementary and High School is better promoted and supported than the right to education at College level. According to educational census data (INEP, 2009), 78% of all enrolments in College education are in private schools, while the reverse is found in High School: 84% of all matriculations are in public schools, which shows a contradiction in the admission into the universities. The Brazilian scenario presents that public universities receive mostly students who performed better and were prepared in elementary and high school education in private schools, while private universities attend students who received their basic education in public schools, which are characterized as low quality. These facts have led researchers to raise the possible determinants of student performance on standardized tests, such as the Brazilian Vestibular exam, to guide the development of policies aimed at equal access to College education. Seeking inspiration in North American models of affirmative action policies, some Brazilian public universities have suggested rate policies to enable and facilitate the entry of "minorities" (blacks, pardos1, natives, people of low income and public school students) to free College education. At the Federal University of the state Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), the first incentives for candidates from public schools emerged in 2006, being improved and widespread during the last 7 years. This study aimed to analyse and discuss the Argument of Inclution (AI) - the affirmative action policy that provides additional scoring for students from public schools. From an extensive database, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique was used as well as a Quantile Regression considering as control the variables of personal, socioeconomic and educational characteristics of the candidates from the Brazilian Vestibular exam 2010 of the Federal University of the state Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The results demonstrate the importance of this incentive system, besides the magnitude of other variables

O uso pedagógico de uma seqüência didática para a aquisição de algumas idéias relacionadas ao conceito de números complexos

The aim of the present work is to contribute to the teaching-learning process in Mathematics through an alternative which tries to motivate the student so that he/she will learn the basic concepts of Complex Numbers and realize that they are not pointless. Therefore, this work s general objective is to construct a didactic sequence which contains structured activities that intends to build up, in each student s thought, the concept of Complex Numbers. The didactic sequence is initially based on a review of the main historical aspects which begot the construction of those numbers. Based on these aspects, and the theories of Richard Skemp, was elaborated a sequence of structured activities linked with Maths history, having the solution of quadratic equations as a main starting point. This should make learning more accessible, because this concept permeates the students previous work and, thus, they should be more familiar with it. The methodological intervention began with the application of that sequence of activities with grade students in public schools who did not yet know the concept of Complex Numbers. It was performed in three phases: a draft study, a draft study II and the final study. Each phase was applied in a different institution, where the classes were randomly divided into groups and each group would discuss and write down the concepts they had developed about Complex Numbers. We also use of another instrument of analysis which consisted of a recorded interview of a semi-structured type, trying to find out the ways the students thought in order to construct their own concepts, i.e. the solutions of the previous activity. Their ideas about Complex Numbers were categorized according to their similarities and then analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the concepts constructed by the students were pertinent and that they complemented each other this supports the conclusion that the use of structured activities is an efficient alternative for the teaching of mathematics

Lócus de controle e conceito de maternidade e paternidade em adolescentes

Locus of control is a construct that seeks to explain people's perceptions about the source of control of events, if the subject's own - internal - or belonging to some element outside of oneself - external. The location of individual s locus of control will suffer influence of their developmental period. During adolescence, individuals turn to the construction of their identity, and the structuring of sexual identity is a relevant part of this process, since the roles of males and females are the most important from the socio-cultural point of view. One of the roles that adolescents can take is the mother or father. We chose to head the adolescents who are not mothers and fathers, and question them about their concepts of parenthood. It is hypothesized that adolescents with internal locus of control will probably develop concepts of maternity and paternity in which they attach to themselves the responsibility for children. The aim of this study was to relate the locus of control s predominant dimension in adolescence and the way that these young people conceptualize parenthood. This is an exploratory analytical cross-sectional study accomplished with 400 adolescents from the classes of the sixth to ninth grade of high school at public schools in Natal / RN. We used as protocols: structured questionnaire involving sociodemographic questions and questions about the concept of parenthood, and the Multifactorial Scale of Locus of Control. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with the aid of statistical package SPSS 18.0. The results regarding questions about the concept of maternity and paternity were analyzed using the analysis program often ALCESTE 4.7. The results showed that for boys and girls, maternity and paternity were characterized by the acquisition and assumption of responsibilities of adulthood. This concept is supported by the locus of control s classification of individuals, since most of the subjects of this study was characterized as individuals who tend to take responsibility for their life's events. For young people from lower classes (as the subjects of this research), the project of autonomy and social mobility is realized by the constitution of his own family and the ability to sustain it

A aprendizagem de conceitos climáticos e ambientais através de novas tecnologias visando a inclusão digital e a educação ambiental

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Consumo alimentar familiar e indicadores antropométricos do estado nutricional de escolares de Piracicaba-SP

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Recursos de apoio didático-pedagógico na educação ambiental

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Oferta educacional e parceria com o setor privado: um perfil dos municípios paulistas com até 10.000 habitantes

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Necessidades formativas dos professores dos anos iniciais na sua inserção no exercício da docência

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A Identidade de meninas negras: o mundo do faz de contas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Formação docente & Centro de Ciências: estudo sobre uma experiência de formação continuada de professores de química

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC