Olhar o Brasil : Cultura popular y vanguardia en obras y archivos fotográficos de Mário de Andrade

Esta tesis doctoral se propone analizar, desde una perspectiva comparativa, el modo en que la obra narrativa, ensayística, crítica y fotográfica del escritor brasileño Mário de Andrade se integra en el proyecto estético de una vanguardia enraizada en diversas expresiones de la cultura popular tradicional. Asimismo, esta investigación pretende mostrar de qué modo el autor produce una renovación del archivo cultural brasileño a partir de las diversas puestas en escena, explícitas e implícitas, del coleccionismo cultural, considerado como un elemento clave en la constitución de la identidad nacional. Además, busca evaluar en qué medida esa estética vanguardista forma parte de una reflexión más amplia, en el seno tanto del modernismo paulista como en el de otras vanguardias latinoamericanas de las décadas del veinte y del treinta, para problematizar y redefinir la identidad nacional desde el punto de vista cultural

Matheus Andrade de Albuquerque Bettencourt

Breve exposição do percurso biográfico e intelectual do filósofo Matheus Andrade d' Albuquerque Bettencourt (1895-1974).

Evapotranspiração e coeficiente de cultura da melancia em solo sob palhada e preparo convencional.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a evapotranspiração e os coeficientes de cultura para a melancia (Citrullus lanatus L.), híbrido Olímpia, irrigada por gotejamento, cultivada em solo sob palhada de milheto e preparo convencional, nas condições edafoclimáticas da microrregião de Teresina, Piauí.

Elementos que interferem na sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção da agricultura familiar: o caso dos produtores de mandioca das comunidades do Andirobão e Samaúma, Careiro Castanho - AM.

A pesquisa traz para a reflexão alguns elementos que interferem na sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção da agricultura familiar do Amazonas. Foi realizada com agricultores familiares que produzem mandioca nas comunidades do Andirobão e Samaúma, município de Careiro-AM. O objetivo da pesquisa foi traçar um perfil socioeconômico das unidades familiares de produção, identificando fatores limitantes e potencializadores que interferem na sustentabilidade dos sistemas. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso e usa o método exploratório. Foram realizadas entrevistas e usados dados secundários.

Os sistemas de produção da agroindústria artesanal da mandioca na região do Lago Janauacá, Careiro Castanho, AM.

Com a abordagem dos sistemas de produção tendo como foco as unidades familiares de produção e as casas de farinha flutuantes da região do Lago Janauacá, no Município de Careiro Castanho, Estado do Amazonas, buscar-se-á evidenciar a diversidade de estratégias econômicas de organização social do trabalho e da produção presente na agricultura familiar no Amazonas. Tais aspectos podem servir de parâmetros para uma compreensão mais detalhada do meio rural amazonense em relação às unidades familiares de produção. Os sujeitos que compõem o universo da pesquisa são as unidades familiares de produção associadas aos circuitos de produção e comercialização das "casas de goma" flutuantes da região do Lago Janauacá, Município de Careiro Castanho, AM. Com esta pesquisa pretende-se contribuir para a compreensão da dinâmica da agricultura familiar no Estado do Amazonas, principalmente as relações estabelecidas com o mercado e os atores privados da sociedade contemporânea.

CARLOS DRUMMOND DE ANDRADE: BLOCKED MIGRANT

This article analyzes the migrant statute in Carlos Drummond de Andrade having as basis the reading of the poem “A ilusão do migrante”, from the book Farewell. 

Irreverent idealism: the chronicles of Oswald de Andrade and Nelson Rodrigues

This paper aims to confront the chronicles "Telefonema" (1944-54) by Oswald de Andrade and "Confissões" (1967-74) by Nelson Rodrigues and examine the unique manner how they fit in the tradition of the genre in Brazil. This is about checking points of approximation and distancing in the ways by each one of the authors uses idealism and irreverence as a critical style, analyzing their strifes with artists and intellectuals of their times. The aim is to show that both, despite their ideological incompatibilities, supported similar conceptions of national authenticity and stood out as untimely writers in the brazilian chronicle's history.

Conscious and unconscious processes in human desire

Elaborated Intrusion theory (Kavanagh, Andrade & May 2005) distinguishes between unconscious, associative processes as the precursors of desire, and controlled processes of cognitive elaboration that lead to conscious sensory images of the target of desire and associated affect. We argue that these mental images play a key role in motivating human behavior. Consciousness is functional in that it allows competing goals to be compared and evaluated. The role of effortful cognitive processes in desire helps to explain the different time courses of craving and physiological withdrawal.

Imaginary relish and exquisite torture : the elaborated intrusion theory of desire

The authors argue that human desire involves conscious cognition that has strong affective connotation and is potentially involved in the determination of appetitive behavior rather than being epiphenomenal to it. Intrusive thoughts about appetitive targets are triggered automatically by external or physiological cues and by cognitive associates. When intrusions elicit significant pleasure or relief, cognitive elaboration usually ensues. Elaboration competes with concurrent cognitive tasks through retrieval of target related information and its retention in working memory. Sensory images are especially important products of intrusion and elaboration because they simulate the sensory and emotional qualities of target acquisition. Desire images are momentarily rewarding but amplify awareness of somatic and emotional deficits. Effects of desires on behavior are moderated by competing incentives, target availability, and skills. The theory provides a coherent account of existing data and suggests new directions for research and treatment.

Images of desire : cognitive models of craving

Cognitive modelling of phenomena in clinical practice allows the operationalisation of otherwise diffuse descriptive terms such as craving or flashbacks. This supports the empirical investigation of the clinical phenomena and the development of targeted treatment interventions. This paper focuses on the cognitive processes underpinning craving, which is recognised as a motivating experience in substance dependence. We use a high-level cognitive architecture, Interacting Cognitive Subsystems (ICS), to compare two theories of craving: Tiffany's theory, centred on the control of automated action schemata, and our own Elaborated Intrusion theory of craving. Data from a questionnaire study of the subjective aspects of everyday desires experienced by a large non-clinical population are presented. Both the data and the high-level modelling support the central claim of the Elaborated Intrusion theory that imagery is a key element of craving, providing the subjective experience and mediating much of the associated disruption of concurrent cognition.

Beating the urge : implications of research into substance-related desires

Despite the advent of improved pharmacological treatments to alleviate substance-related desires, psychological approaches will continue to be required. However, the current psychological treatment that most specifically focuses on desires and their management—cue exposure (CE)—has not lived up to its original promise. This paper argues that current psychological approaches to desire do not adequately incorporate our knowledge about the factors that trigger, maintain, and terminate episodes of desire. It asserts that the instigation and maintenance of desires involve both associative and elaborative processes. Understanding the processes triggering the initiation of intrusive thoughts may assist in preventing some episodes, but occasional intrusions will be inevitable. A demonstration of the ineffectiveness of thought suppression may discourage its use as a coping strategy for desire-related intrusions, and mindfulness meditation plus cognitive therapy may help in accepting their occurrence and letting them go. Competing tasks may be used to reduce elaboration of desires, and competing sensory images may have particular utility. The application of these procedures during episodes that are elicited in the clinic may allow the acquisition of more effective strategies to address desires in the natural environment.

Effects of visuospatial tasks on desensitization to emotive memories

Objectives. Intrusive memories of extreme trauma can disrupt a stepwise approach to imaginal exposure. Concurrent tasks that load the visuospatial sketchpad (VSSP) of working memory reduce the vividness of recalled images. This study tested whether relief of distress from competing VSSP tasks during imaginal exposure is at the cost of impaired desensitization . Design. This study examined repeated exposure to emotive memories using 18 unselected undergraduates and a within-subjects design with three exposure conditions (Eye Movement, Visual Noise, Exposure Alone) in random, counterbalanced order. Method. At baseline, participants recalled positive and negative experiences, and rated the vividness and emotiveness of each image. A different positive and negative recollection was then used for each condition. Vividness and emotiveness were rated after each of eight exposure trials. At a post-exposure session 1 week later, participants rated each image without any concurrent task. Results. Consistent with previous research, vividness and distress during imaging were lower during Eye Movements than in Exposure Alone, with passive visual interference giving intermediate results. A reduction in emotional responses from Baseline to Post was of similar size for the three conditions. Conclusion. Visuospatial tasks may offer a temporary response aid for imaginal exposure without affecting desensitization.

Imagery and strength of craving for eating, drinking and playing sport

The elaborated intrusion (EI) theory of desire (Kavanagh, Andrade, & May, 2005) attributes the motivational force of cravings to cognitive elaboration, including imagery, of apparently spontaneous thoughts that intrude into awareness. We report a questionnaire study in which respondents rated a craving for food or drink. Questionnaire items derived from EI theory formed a single factor alongside factors for anticipated reward/relief, resistance, and opportunity. In a multiple regression predicting strength of craving, the first three factors accounted for 36% of the variance. Opportunity did not enter the model. In a second study, the difference between individuals' strong and weak cravings to take part in a sporting activity was shown to be related to visual, auditory, and general imagery, and to anticipated reward or relief from engaging in the activity. Implications for treatment of craving-related disorders are discussed in the light of these results and of other research indicating that interference with imagery can reduce the strength of craving.

Eye-movements and visual imagery : a working memory approach to the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder

It has been claimed that the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be ameliorated by eye-movement desensitization-reprocessing therapy (EMD-R), a procedure that involves the individual making saccadic eye-movements while imagining the traumatic event. We hypothesized that these eye-movements reduce the vividness of distressing images by disrupting the function of the visuospatial sketchpad (VSSP) of working memory, and that by doing so they reduce the intensity of the emotion associated with the image. This hypothesis was tested by asking non-PTSD participants to form images of neutral and negative pictures under dual task conditions. Their images were less vivid with concurrent eye-movements and with a concurrent spatial tapping task that did not involve eye-movements. In the first three experiments, these secondary tasks did not consistently affect participants' emotional responses to the images. However, Expt 4 used personal recollections as stimuli for the imagery task, and demonstrated a significant reduction in emotional response under the same dual task conditions. These results suggest that, if EMD-R works, it does so by reducing the vividness and emotiveness of traumatic images via the VSSP of working memory. Other visuospatial tasks may also be of therapeutic value.