O conselho geral: um desafio estratégico à autonomia

Nos últimos vinte e cinco anos o tema da autonomia e da administração e gestão escolar tem ocupado um lugar relevante na agenda política dos sucessivos Governos da República e na preocupação dos diferentes parceiros educativos. Rara tem sido a maioria política que resiste a dar o seu contributo sobre esta matéria, com o objetivo sempre confesso de outorgar maior autonomia às escolas. No enquadramento teórico da nossa investigação começamos por abordar a emergência do conceito de autonomia, nas suas diferentes dimensões e nos seus distintos significados. Não esquecemos também a analise das questões relacionadas com a problemática, cada vez mais atual da regulação múltipla. Analisamos de seguida a evolução da legislação portuguesa, operada a partir da publicação da Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo com especial destaque às propostas de configuração dos órgãos de Direção e de Gestão das escolas e das competências atribuídas a cada um deles produzido pela CRSE e pelos decretos-leis 43/89, 172/91, 115-A/98 e 75/2008. A investigação empírica teve como objeto de análise dois agrupamentos localizados em concelhos distintos da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, e procurou determinar se o conselho geral de cada uma dessas unidades orgânicas, assume na totalidade as competências que lhe são conferidas pelo quadro legislativo em vigor, e nessa medida como se articula com os outros órgãos da direção no processo de tomada de decisão. Simultaneamente fizemos o contraponto com a imagem que os intervenientes na gestão intermédia de cada um dos agrupamentos construíram sobre o seu conselho geral e das relações de poder que se estabelecem no interior de cada uma das organizações. Para corresponder aos pressupostos da nossa investigação entrevistaram-se os diretores e os presidentes dos conselhos gerais e facultámos questionários aos docentes que desempenhavam cargos nos dois agrupamentos. Concluímos, em função do que pudemos analisar, que embora o conselho geral veja o seu papel na organização da escola formalmente reconhecido não consegue desempenhar na totalidade as funções que lhe são incumbidas, já que defronta o poder real do diretor e o poder oculto do conselho pedagógico, encontrando dificuldades em libertar-se do reino das sombras.

On cluster analysis of complex and heterogeneous data

3rd SMTDA Conference Proceedings, 11-14 June 2014, Lisbon Portugal.

Clustering of variables with a three-way approach for health sciences

TPM Vol. 21, No. 4, December 2014, 435-447 – Special Issue © 2014 Cises.

Agrupamento de dados visual interactivo

Com a crescente geração, armazenamento e disseminação da informação nos últimos anos, o anterior problema de falta de informação transformou-se num problema de extracção do conhecimento útil a partir da informação disponível. As representações visuais da informação abstracta têm sido utilizadas para auxiliar a interpretação os dados e para revelar padrões de outra forma escondidos. A visualização de informação procura aumentar a cognição humana aproveitando as capacidades visuais humanas, de forma a tornar perceptível a informação abstracta, fornecendo os meios necessários para que um humano possa absorver quantidades crescentes de informação, com as suas capacidades de percepção. O objectivo das técnicas de agrupamento de dados consiste na divisão de um conjunto de dados em vários grupos, em que dados semelhantes são colocados no mesmo grupo e dados dissemelhantes em grupos diferentes. Mais especificamente, o agrupamento de dados com restrições tem o intuito de incorporar conhecimento a priori no processo de agrupamento de dados, com o objectivo de aumentar a qualidade do agrupamento de dados e, simultaneamente, encontrar soluções apropriadas a tarefas e interesses específicos. Nesta dissertação é estudado a abordagem de Agrupamento de Dados Visual Interactivo que permite ao utilizador, através da interacção com uma representação visual da informação, incorporar o seu conhecimento prévio acerca do domínio de dados, de forma a influenciar o agrupamento resultante para satisfazer os seus objectivos. Esta abordagem combina e estende técnicas de visualização interactiva de informação, desenho de grafos de forças direccionadas e agrupamento de dados com restrições. Com o propósito de avaliar o desempenho de diferentes estratégias de interacção com o utilizador, são efectuados estudos comparativos utilizando conjuntos de dados sintéticos e reais.

O currículo específico individual práticas de construção e Implementação: um estudo exploratório no segundo ciclo

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação - Especialização em Educação Especial

Prática baseada na evidência em terapia da fala

Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação em Tecnologias da Saúde

PAH air pollution at a Portuguese urban area: carcinogenic risks and sources identification

This study aimed to characterize air pollution and the associated carcinogenic risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) at an urban site, to identify possible emission sources of PAHs using several statistical methodologies, and to analyze the influence of other air pollutants and meteorological variables on PAH concentrations.The air quality and meteorological data were collected in Oporto, the second largest city of Portugal. Eighteen PAHs (the 16 PAHs considered by United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) as priority pollutants, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, and benzo[j]fluoranthene) were collected daily for 24 h in air (gas phase and in particles) during 40 consecutive days in November and December 2008 by constant low-flow samplers and using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filters for particulate (PM10 and PM2.5 bound) PAHs and pre-cleaned polyurethane foam plugs for gaseous compounds. The other monitored air pollutants were SO2, PM10, NO2, CO, and O3; the meteorological variables were temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, total precipitation, and solar radiation. Benzo[a]pyrene reached a mean concentration of 2.02 ngm−3, surpassing the EU annual limit value. The target carcinogenic risks were equal than the health-based guideline level set by USEPA (10−6) at the studied site, with the cancer risks of eight PAHs reaching senior levels of 9.98×10−7 in PM10 and 1.06×10−6 in air. The applied statistical methods, correlation matrix, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis, were in agreement in the grouping of the PAHs. The groups were formed according to their chemical structure (number of rings), phase distribution, and emission sources. PAH diagnostic ratios were also calculated to evaluate the main emission sources. Diesel vehicular emissions were the major source of PAHs at the studied site. Besides that source, emissions from residential heating and oil refinery were identified to contribute to PAH levels at the respective area. Additionally, principal component regression indicated that SO2, NO2, PM10, CO, and solar radiation had positive correlation with PAHs concentrations, while O3, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were negatively correlated.

Prática de ensino supervisionadas do 1º e 2º ciclo do ensino básico: um estudo sobre as estratégias de cálculo mental utilizadas por alunos do 2º ciclo do ensino básico

Relatório Final apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de mestre em Ensino do 1º e do 2º Ciclo de Ensino Básico

RiSeG: a ring based secure group communication protocol for resource-constrained wireless sensor networks

Securing group communication in wireless sensor networks has recently been extensively investigated. Many works have addressed this issue, and they have considered the grouping concept differently. In this paper, we consider a group as being a set of nodes sensing the same data type, and we alternatively propose an efficient secure group communication scheme guaranteeing secure group management and secure group key distribution. The proposed scheme (RiSeG) is based on a logical ring architecture, which permits to alleviate the group controller’s task in updating the group key. The proposed scheme also provides backward and forward secrecy, addresses the node compromise attack, and gives a solution to detect and eliminate the compromised nodes. The security analysis and performance evaluation show that the proposed scheme is secure, highly efficient, and lightweight. A comparison with the logical key hierarchy is preformed to prove the rekeying process efficiency of RiSeG. Finally, we present the implementation details of RiSeG on top of TelosB sensor nodes to demonstrate its feasibility.

Improving quality-of-service in wireless sensor networks by mitigating “Hidden-Node Collisions”

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) emerge as underlying infrastructures for new classes of large-scale networked embedded systems. However, WSNs system designers must fulfill the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements imposed by the applications (and users). Very harsh and dynamic physical environments and extremely limited energy/computing/memory/communication node resources are major obstacles for satisfying QoS metrics such as reliability, timeliness, and system lifetime. The limited communication range of WSN nodes, link asymmetry, and the characteristics of the physical environment lead to a major source of QoS degradation in WSNs-the ldquohidden node problem.rdquo In wireless contention-based medium access control (MAC) protocols, when two nodes that are not visible to each other transmit to a third node that is visible to the former, there will be a collision-called hidden-node or blind collision. This problem greatly impacts network throughput, energy-efficiency and message transfer delays, and the problem dramatically increases with the number of nodes. This paper proposes H-NAMe, a very simple yet extremely efficient hidden-node avoidance mechanism for WSNs. H-NAMe relies on a grouping strategy that splits each cluster of a WSN into disjoint groups of non-hidden nodes that scales to multiple clusters via a cluster grouping strategy that guarantees no interference between overlapping clusters. Importantly, H-NAMe is instantiated in IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee, which currently are the most widespread communication technologies for WSNs, with only minor add-ons and ensuring backward compatibility with their protocols standards. H-NAMe was implemented and exhaustively tested using an experimental test-bed based on ldquooff-the-shelfrdquo technology, showing that it increases network throughput and transmission success probability up to twice the values obtained without H-NAMe. H-NAMe effectiveness was also demonstrated in a target tracking application with mobile robots - over a WSN deployment.

H-NAMe: specifying, implementing and testing a hidden-node avoidance mechanism for wireless sensor networks

The hidden-node problem has been shown to be a major source of Quality-of-Service (QoS) degradation in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to factors such as the limited communication range of sensor nodes, link asymmetry and the characteristics of the physical environment. In wireless contention-based Medium Access Control protocols, if two nodes that are not visible to each other transmit to a third node that is visible to the formers, there will be a collision – usually called hidden-node or blind collision. This problem greatly affects network throughput, energy-efficiency and message transfer delays, which might be particularly dramatic in large-scale WSNs. This technical report tackles the hidden-node problem in WSNs and proposes HNAMe, a simple yet efficient distributed mechanism to overcome it. H-NAMe relies on a grouping strategy that splits each cluster of a WSN into disjoint groups of non-hidden nodes and then scales to multiple clusters via a cluster grouping strategy that guarantees no transmission interference between overlapping clusters. We also show that the H-NAMe mechanism can be easily applied to the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee protocols with only minor add-ons and ensuring backward compatibility with the standard specifications. We demonstrate the feasibility of H-NAMe via an experimental test-bed, showing that it increases network throughput and transmission success probability up to twice the values obtained without H-NAMe. We believe that the results in this technical report will be quite useful in efficiently enabling IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee as a WSN protocol.

H-NAMe: a hidden-node avoidance mechanism for wireless sensor networks

The hidden-node problem has been shown to be a major source of Quality-of-Service (QoS) degradation in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to factors such as the limited communication range of sensor nodes, link asymmetry and the characteristics of the physical environment. In wireless contention-based Medium Access Control protocols, if two nodes that are not visible to each other transmit to a third node that is visible to the formers, there will be a collision – usually called hidden-node or blind collision. This problem greatly affects network throughput, energy-efficiency and message transfer delays, which might be particularly dramatic in large-scale WSNs. This paper tackles the hiddennode problem in WSNs and proposes H-NAMe, a simple yet efficient distributed mechanism to overcome it. H-NAMe relies on a grouping strategy that splits each cluster of a WSN into disjoint groups of non-hidden nodes and then scales to multiple clusters via a cluster grouping strategy that guarantees no transmission interference between overlapping clusters. We also show that the H-NAMe mechanism can be easily applied to the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee protocols with only minor add-ons and ensuring backward compatibility with the standard specifications. We demonstrate the feasibility of H-NAMe via an experimental test-bed, showing that it increases network throughput and transmission success probability up to twice the values obtained without H-NAMe. We believe that the results in this paper will be quite useful in efficiently enabling IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee as a WSN protocol

ECG Biometrics: A Template Selection Approach

Electrocardiography (ECG) biometrics is emerging as a viable biometric trait. Recent developments at the sensor level have shown the feasibility of performing signal acquisition at the fingers and hand palms, using one-lead sensor technology and dry electrodes. These new locations lead to ECG signals with lower signal to noise ratio and more prone to noise artifacts; the heart rate variability is another of the major challenges of this biometric trait. In this paper we propose a novel approach to ECG biometrics, with the purpose of reducing the computational complexity and increasing the robustness of the recognition process enabling the fusion of information across sessions. Our approach is based on clustering, grouping individual heartbeats based on their morphology. We study several methods to perform automatic template selection and account for variations observed in a person's biometric data. This approach allows the identification of different template groupings, taking into account the heart rate variability, and the removal of outliers due to noise artifacts. Experimental evaluation on real world data demonstrates the advantages of our approach.

Evaluation of maternal and neonatal hospital care: quality index of completeness

OBJECTIVE Develop an index to evaluate the maternal and neonatal hospital care of the Brazilian Unified Health System.METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study of national scope was based on the structure-process-outcome framework proposed by Donabedian and on comprehensive health care. Data from the Hospital Information System and the National Registry of Health Establishments were used. The maternal and neonatal network of Brazilian Unified Health System consisted of 3,400 hospitals that performed at least 12 deliveries in 2009 or whose number of deliveries represented 10.0% or more of the total admissions in 2009. Relevance and reliability were defined as criteria for the selection of variables. Simple and composite indicators and the index of completeness were constructed and evaluated, and the distribution of maternal and neonatal hospital care was assessed in different regions of the country.RESULTS A total of 40 variables were selected, from which 27 single indicators, five composite indicators, and the index of completeness of care were built. Composite indicators were constructed by grouping simple indicators and included the following variables: hospital size, level of complexity, delivery care practice, recommended hospital practice, and epidemiological practice. The index of completeness of care grouped the five variables and classified them in ascending order, thereby yielding five levels of completeness of maternal and neonatal hospital care: very low, low, intermediate, high, and very high. The hospital network was predominantly of small size and low complexity, with inadequate child delivery care and poor development of recommended and epidemiological practices. The index showed that more than 80.0% hospitals had a low index of completeness of care and that most qualified heath care services were concentrated in the more developed regions of the country.CONCLUSIONS The index of completeness proved to be of great value for monitoring the maternal and neonatal hospital care of Brazilian Unified Health System and indicated that the quality of health care was unsatisfactory. However, its application does not replace specific evaluations.

Abordagem ao ensino da educação musical segundo uma perspetiva abrangente

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Musical no Ensino Básico