921 resultados para all Adult: 19 years
Resumo:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the final stature of adults with childhood-onset steroid-responsive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and the influence of disease-related issues on the achievement of their target heights. We analyzed 60 (41 male) patients and/or their records, with a minimum age of 19 years or at a Tanner`s pubertal stage 4 for boys or status postmenarche for girls, and normal glomerular filtration rate. Mean age at first and last consultation was 5.3 +/- 2.4 years and 20.5 +/- 3.1 years, respectively. Mean follow-up period was 15.10 years. Mean cumulative dose of prednisone was 1254 +/- 831.40 mg/kg. Mean initial and final height Z scores (HtZ) were, respectively, -0.60 +/- 1.0 and -0.64 +/- 0.92 (p = 0.72). The final HtZ showed a significant correlation only with the initial HtZ and the target HtZ (THZ). Six patients achieved a final HtZ below -2, which in male patients correlated strongly to the initial HtZ and THZ. A strong correlation was demonstrated between final HtZ, initial HtZ, and THZ. INS-related issues did not prevent the final stature to reach the predicted target height.
Resumo:
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptor (GIPR) and LHCGR are G-protein-coupled receptors with a wide tissue expression pattern. Aberrant expression of these receptors has rarely been demonstrated in adult sporadic adrenocortical tumors with a lack of data on pediatric tumors. We quantified the GIPR and LHCGR expression in a large cohort of 55 patients (25 children and 30 adults) with functioning and non-functioning sporadic adrenocortical tumors. Thirty-eight tumors were classified as adenomas whereas 17 were carcinomas. GIPR, and LHCGR expression were analyzed by real-time PCR and normal human pancreatic and testicular tissue samples were used as positive controls. Mean expression values were determined by fold increase in comparison with a normal adrenal pool. GIPR mRNA levels were significantly higher in adrenocortical carcinomas than in adenomas from both pediatric and adult groups. LHCGR expression was similar in both carcinomas and adenomas from the pediatric group but significantly lower in carcinomas than in adenomas from the adult group (median 0.06 and 2.3 respectively, P<0.001). GIPR was detected by immunohistochemistry in both pediatric and adult tumors. Staining and real-time PCR results correlated positively only when GIPR in RN A levels were increased at least two-fold in comparison with normal adrenal expression levels. In Conclusion, GIPR overexpression was observed in pediatric and adult adrenocortical tumors and very low levels of LHCGR expression were found in all adult adrenocortical carcinomas.
Resumo:
Background Little progress has been made to identify the central neuroendocrine pathway involved in the energy intake control in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Objective To assess the influence of orexigenic neuropeptides in the nutritional aspects of NAFLD obese adolescents submitted to a long-term interdisciplinary approach. Methods Fifty adolescents aged 15-19 years, with body mass index at least 95th percentile, consisting of 25 patients without NAFLD and 25 with NAFLD. The NAFLD diagnosis was determined by ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected to analyze glycemia, hepatic transaminases, and lipid profile. Insulin resistance was estimated by Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance Index. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti related protein concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analyses of food intake were made by 3 days recordatory inquiry. Results At baseline conditions, the patients with NAFLD had significantly higher values of body mass, body mass index, visceral fat, triglycerides, VLDL-C, and hepatic transaminases. After the long-term intervention, they presented a significant reduction in these parameters. In both the groups, it was observed a significant decrease in energy intake, macronutrients and dietetic cholesterol. Only the patients with NAFLD presented a positive correlation between the saturated fatty acids intake and the orexigenic neuropeptides NPY and agouti related protein, and carbohydrate with NPY. Indeed, it was observed a positive correlation between energy intake, lipid (%) and saturated fatty acids with visceral fat accumulation. Conclusion Our findings showed an important influence of diet composition in the orexigenic system, being essential consider that the excessive saturated fatty acids intake could be a determinant factor to increase nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 22:557-563 (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Resumo:
More than 30% of the patients on peritoneal dialysis show chronic systemic inflammatory activity with high levels of C-reactive protein. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the influence of the inflammatory state on clinical and nutritional markers in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Twenty-seven patients were included: mean age was 57.6 +/- 19 years, 48% were male, and median time on peritoneal dialysis was 16.0 (8.3; 35.8) months. Clinical, dialytic, laboratory, anthropometric and electric bioimpedance data were collected with the sample stratified for C-reactive protein. In patients, the levels of Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a were higher, while adiponectin levels were lower than in healthy individuals (p <= 0.001), indicating the presence of inflammatory activity in the sample. When compared to patients with C-reactive protein < 1 mg/dL, those with = 1mg/dL showed higher body mass index (29.4 +/- 6.1 vs. 24.4 +/- 4.5 kg/m(2); p = 0.009), percent of standard body weight (124.5 +/- 25.4 vs. 106.8 +/- 17.9 %; p = 0.012), and percent of body fat as assessed by both anthropometry (31.3 +/- 9.9 vs. 23.9 +/- 9.1%; p = 0.056) and bioimpedance (38.9 +/- 6.3 vs. 26.2 +/- 12.6 %; p < 0.001). Patients with C-reactive protein = 1mg/dL also exhibited higher levels of ferritin (701 +/- 568 vs. 532 +/- 356 ng/mL; p = 0.054) and lower total lymphocyte count (median 1838 vs. 1638 mm(3); p = 0.001). In conclusion, higher body mass index and body fat markers were associated with C-reactive protein = 1mg/dL, and higher C-reactive protein was associated with immunocompetence impairment evidenced by the lower total lymphocyte count. Our findings confirm the relationship between inflammation, body fat, and immunocompetence, which may be superimposed potentializing the inflammatory status.
Resumo:
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence between different populations in obese adolescents is scanty to date. Objective: To compare the MS prevalence and related risk factors in Brazilian and Italian obese adolescents. Methods: A total of 509 adolescents (110 Brazilian, 399 Italian), aged 15-19 years. Anthropometric characteristics, triglycerides (TG), total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and blood pressure were measured. Results: Age, body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-score were not significantly different between the two subgroups. BMI z-score, TG, FPG, HOMA-IR and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were significantly higher in boys than in girls both in Brazilian and Italian adolescents, while HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in boys than in girls. No significant differences were observed in BMI, LDL and total-cholesterol and DBP in two genders and groups. Insulin, FPG, HOMA-IR and TG were significantly higher, while LDL-cholesterol and SBP were significantly lower in Brazilian than in Italian subjects, both in males and females. HDL and total-cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were not significantly different between the two subgroups and genders. MS prevalence was higher in Brazilian than in Italian obese boys (34.8 vs. 23.6%, p < 0.001) and girls (15.6 vs. 12.5%, p < 0.01). The most frequently altered parameter was HOMA-IR both in subjects with MS (100% in Brazilian and 81.8% in Italian) and without MS (42.9% and 11.7%). Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome represents a worldwide emerging health problem in different ethnical populations, the alterations of the risk factors related to MS (different in their prevalence between different subgroups) being strictly linked to the degree of obesity.
Resumo:
In this study the main question investigated was the number and size of both binucleate and mononucleate superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and, whether post-natal development would affect these parameters. Twenty left SCGs from 20 male pacas were used. Four different ages were investigated, that is newborn (4 days), young (45 days), adult (2 years), and aged animals (7 years). By using design-based stereo-logical methods, that is the Cavalieri principle and a physical disector combined with serial sectioning, the total volume of ganglion and total number of mononucleate and binucleate neurons were estimated. Furthermore, the mean perikaryal (somal) volume of mononucleate and binucleate neurons was estimated using the vertical nucleator. The main findings of this study were a 154% increase in the SCG volume, a 95% increase in the total number of mononucleate SCG neurons and a 50% increase in the total volume of SCG neurons. In conclusion, apart from neuron number, different adaptive mechanisms may coexist in the autonomic nervous system to guarantee a functional homeostasis during ageing, which is not always associated with neuron losses. Anat Rec, 292:966-975, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Resumo:
OBJECTIVE: To establish body mass index (BMI) norms for standard figural stimuli using a large Caucasian population-based sample. In addition, we sought to determine the effectiveness of the figural stimuli to identify individuals as obese or thin. DESIGN: All Caucasian twins born in Virginia between 1915 and 1971 were identified by public birth record. In addition, 3347 individual twins responded to a letter published in the newsletter of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). All adult twins (aged 18 and over) from both of these sources and their family members were mailed a 16 page 'Health and Lifestyle' questionnaire. SUBJECTS: BMI and silhouette data were available on 16 728 females and 11 366 males ranging in age from 18- 100. MEASUREMENTS: Self-report information on height-weight, current body size, desired body size and a discrepancy score using standard figural stimuli. RESULTS: Gender- and age-specific norms are presented linking BMI to each of the figural stimuli. Additional norms for desired body size and discrepancy scores are also presented. Receiver operating curves (ROC) indicate that the figural stimuli are effective in classifying individuals as obese or thin. CONCLUSIONS: With the establishment of these norms, the silhouettes used in standard body image assessment can now be linked to BMI. Differences were observed between women and men in terms of desired body size and discrepancy scores, with women preferring smaller sizes. The figural stimuli are a robust technique for classifying individuals as obese or thin.
Resumo:
The incidence of melanoma increases markedly in the second decade of life but almost nothing is known of the causes of melanoma in this age group. We report on the first population-based case-control study of risk factors for melanoma in adolescents (15-19 years). Data were collected through personal interviews with cases, controls and parents. A single examiner conducted full-body nevus counts and blood samples were collected from cases for analysis of the CDKN2A melanoma predisposition gene. A total of 201 (80%) of the 250 adolescents with melanoma diagnosed between 1987 and 1994 and registered with the Queensland Cancer Registry and 205 (79%) of 258 age-, gender- and location-matched controls who were contacted agreed to participate. The strongest risk factor associated with melanoma in adolescents in a multivariate model was the presence of more than 100 nevi 2 mm or more in diameter (odds ratio [OR] = 46.5, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 11.4-190.8). Other risk factors were red hair (OR = 5.4, 95%Cl = 1.0-28.4); blue eyes (OR = 4.5, 95%Cl = 1.5- 13.6); inability to tan after prolonged sun exposure (OR = 4.7, 95%Cl = 0.9-24.6); heavy facial freckling (OR = 3.2, 95% Cl = 0.9-12.3); and family history of melanoma (OR = 4.0, 95%Cl = 0.8-18.9). Only 2 of 147 cases tested had germline variants or mutations in CDKN2A. There was no association with sunscreen use overall, however, never/rare use of sunscreen at home under the age of 5 years was associated with increased risk (OR = 2.2, 95%Cl = 0.7-7.1). There was no difference between cases and controls in cumulative sun exposure in this high-exposure environment. Factors indicating genetic susceptibility to melanoma, in particular, the propensity to develop nevi and freckles, red hair, blue eyes, inability to tan and a family history of the disease are the primary determinants of melanoma among adolescents in this high solar radiation environment. Lack of association with reported sun exposure is consistent with the high genetic susceptibility in this group. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Resumo:
The four-link chain of the motor unit represents the contemporary end-point of some two millennia of evolving knowledge in neuroscience. The paradigm shift in neuromuscular epistemology occurred in the mid-17th century. In 1666, the newly graduated Dutch doctor, Jan Swammerdam (1637-1680) published his former investigations of dissected nerve-muscle preparations. These experiments comprised the quantum leap from observation and speculation, to that of experimentation in the field of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. In what he termed 'A Curious Experiment' he also described the phenomenon of intrinsic muscle excitability - I cannot observe that the muscle in the living animal ever absolutely ceases from all motion. Eighty years later (1752), von Haller demonstrated experimentally that irritability (contractility) was an intrinsic property of all muscular tissue; and distinguished between the sensibility of nerve impulses and the irritability of muscular contraction. This experimental progression from Swammerdam to von Haller culminated in 1850, when Claude Bernard's studies in experimental pharmacology confirmed that muscle was a functional unit, independent of any electrical innervation via its supplying nerve. This account comprises an audit of Swammerdam's work in the perspective of neuromuscular knowledge. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
A idade e o crescimento da cioba da costa central do Brasil foram estudados a partir de leituras de otlitos obtidos em amostragens mensais de desembarques comerciais, realizados nas cidades de Vitria e Vila Velha, entre os anos de 1998 e 1999. Atravs da anlise do incremento marginal, foi verificada a formao anual de uma zona translcida a partir do final do outono e durante o inverno. Foram observadas ciobas de 2 a 19 anos. Os comprimentos furcais (CF) mdios retrocalculados variaram de 108 mm para idade 1 a 524 mm para idade 19. A equao de Von Bertalanffy ajustada aos CF mdios retrocalculados foi CFt = 567,1 (1 - e -0.130 (t + 0.773)). A relao comprimento peso foi P = 2,68x10-5CF2.914, onde P = peso total em gramas. O crescimento lento, com os incrementos anuais em peso aumentando gradativamente at atingir o mximo de 164 g entre as idades 7 e 8 anos. Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que a cioba tem longa expectativa de vida e baixas taxas de crescimento somtico, caractersticas das espcies mais sensveis explorao pesqueira.
Resumo:
A pesquisa se caracteriza pela abordagem plurimetodolgica do tipo qualitativa/quantitativa, e tem como objetivo investigar de que maneira se constroem as estratgias de conciliao entre a formao esportiva e escolar em atletas de elite que servem s selees brasileiras masculinas de basquetebol Sub 17 e Sub 19. O estudo se organizou em trs captulos. Do tipo estado do conhecimento, o primeiro captulo tem por objetivo mapear as produes acadmicas que tratam da conciliao entre formao escolar e formao esportiva. Utiliza como fonte a base de dados Scielo para busca nacional e o Portal Peridicos Capes para busca internacional. Foram encontrados 17 artigos distribudos em 13 peridicos. Os dados foram classificados/analisados por meio de indicadores bibliomtricos, como distribuio anual, distribuio por revista, relao autoral e origem demogrfica. Para anlise tambm foram levados em considerao uma tese de doutorado, trs dissertaes de mestrado e trs trabalhos apresentados em congresso, alm de um nmero especial de peridico, no localizado nas bases escolhidas. Mostra que a preocupao com o tema surge na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, na dcada de 70, e que, no Brasil, essa questo passa a ser abordada nos anos 2000. Demonstra tentativas de conciliao entre as formaes realizadas em pases da Europa, Estados Unidos e Brasil, alm da importncia da famlia e do pertencimento de classes sociais na possibilidade de priorizao a uma das formaes envolvidas. O segundo captulo, de natureza quali-quantitativa, investiga as estratgias utilizadas pelos atletas convocados em 2013 para as selees brasileiras de basquetebol masculinas de base Sub 17 e Sub 19 anos, quanto s possveis conciliaes entre formao esportiva e escolar. Busca, ainda, compreender a influncia das convocaes para as selees nacionais nos ndices de escolaridade desses atletas de elite, como abandono, atraso e repetncia escolar. A pesquisa mostra que esse grupo de atletas de elite apresenta mdias de repetncia, abandono e atraso escolar maiores que as mdias nacionais. O terceiro captulo analisa o entendimento desse grupo de jovens atletas em relao formao escolar ou, ainda, se um possvel desinteresse do grupo pelo modelo atual de escola se daria apenas pelo fato de serem esportistas de elite. Para isso, recorre s possibilidades de investigao oriundas da segunda metade do questionrio utilizado como instrumento para adotar uma metodologia de livre associao de palavras direcionadas a partir de quatro palavras indutoras (estruturas semnticas), a saber: treinar, estudar, ir a escola e competir. Essa associao livre usualmente utilizada como suporte terico/metodolgico em pesquisas que investigam representao social (ACOSTA, 2005). Ao dar visibilidade a essas questes nota-se que a posio desses atletas, em relao escola, no difere das encontradas em outras pesquisas que tratam de jovens inseridos no ensino mdio. A falta de significado do que se aprende na escola em relao ao que eles desejam desenvolver como atividade laboral, faz com que a escola seja entendida como montona, mas, ao mesmo tempo, necessria, caso seus projetos de formao esportiva no aconteam.
Resumo:
A diarreia a segunda causa de mortalidade em <5 anos e responsvel pela diminuio da produtividade na populao economicamente ativa. Dentre os agentes infecciosos envolvidos, seis patotipos diarreiognicos de Escherichia coli (DEC) merecem destaque: E. coli enteropatognica (EPEC), E.coli enteroinvasora (EIEC), E. coli enterotoxignica (ETEC), E. coli enteroemorrgica ou produtora de toxina de Shiga (EHEC/STEC), E. coli enteroagregativa (EAEC) e E. coli de aderncia difusa (DAEC). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a frequncia dos patotipos de DEC e caracterizar fenotpica e genotipicamente EAEC, DAEC, aEPEC e E. coli chain-like adhesion (CLA) isolados de fezes indivduos de todas as idades atendidos nas Unidades de Sade do municpio de Vitria, ES, entre janeiro de 2008 e junho de 2011. Os isolados de E. coli foram submetidos : (i) PCR para deteco dos genes eae, bfpA, aat, lt, st, ipaH, stx1 e stx2; (ii) hibridizao de colnia com as sondas eae, aat e daaC; (iii) adeso em cultura de clulas HEp-2 para evidenciar padro de aderncia agregativa (AA), difusa (DA) e chain-like adhesion (CLA). PCR para deteco de genes de virulncia foi realizado em isolados de EAEC, CLA, DAEC e aEPEC. Isolados de EAEC e CLA, foram submetidos a testes de formao de biofilme e de pelcula. Foram obtidos 328 espcimes fecais e E. coli foi isolada de 85,7%. Os seguintes patotipos foram identificados: EAEC (18,3%), DAEC (11%), aEPEC (2,6%), ETEC (0,7%). CLA foi identificada em 4,9% e EIEC, tEPEC e STEC no foram detectados. Dos 60 isolados de EAEC (AA) (25% aat+ por PCR e 35% por hibridizao), fmbrias de aderncia agregativa foram evidenciadas em baixa frequncia (aggA- 1,7%, aafA- 0%, agg3A- 11,7%, hdA- 8,3%). EAEC tpica correspondeu a 31,7% dos isolados de EAEC (aggR+), e foram significantes nestas a formao de biofilme, escore 3+ de produo de pelcula e presena dos genes aat, agg3A, hdA, aap, sat, pet, set1A e iucA. Todos os isolados CLA apresentaram o gene pet, 87,5%, foram aggR-, formaram pelcula e nenhum produziu biofilme. Dentre dos 42 isolados de DAEC (DA), a sonda daaC detectou 52,4%. PCR evidenciou adesinas afa/Dr (daaD e afa) em 59,5% e adesina AIDA-I no foi encontrada, sugerindo que outras adesinas estejam envolvidas na adeso da DAEC. Isolados de DAEC afa/Dr + foram estatisticamente mais isolados de <5 anos. Em aEPEC, os genes da ilha de patogenicidade OI-122 pesquisados, nleE, efa1/lifA e paa foram evidenciados em 30% dos isolados, todos provenientes de <5 anos. Caractersticas de virulncia de tEAEC e DAEC Afa/Dr sugerem que sejam subpopulaes relacionadas com diarreia. CLA no parece ser variante de EAEC.
Resumo:
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of occupational injuries and identify their risk factors among students in two municipalities. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in public schools of the municipalities of Santo Antonio do Pinhal and Monteiro Lobato, Brazil. A stratified probabilistic sample was drawn from public middle and high schools of the study municipalities. A total of 781 students aged 11 to 19 years participated in the study. Students attending middle and high school answered a comprehensive questionnaire on living and working conditions, as well as aspects of work injuries, and health conditions. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to estimate risk factors of previous and present occupational injuries. RESULTS: Of 781 students, 604 previously had or currently have jobs and 47% reported previous injuries. Among current workers (n=555), 38% reported injuries on their current job. Risk factors for work injuries with statistically significant odds ratio >2.0 included attending evening school, working as a housekeeper, waiter or brickmaker, and with potentially dangerous machines. CONCLUSIONS: The study results reinforce the need of restricting adolescent work and support communities to implement social promotion programs.
Resumo:
OBJECTIVE: In 1994 a pilot intergenerational project was started in the city of Taguatinga, Brazil, to promote the well-being of both elderly and adolescent populations using reminiscence processes as a means of interaction. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the project from the participants' viewpoint and to improve the contribution of those age groups in building up social capital. METHODS: From November 1999 to April 2000 a qualitative study using focus groups technique was conducted. Using a discussion guide, 9 groups of students, ranging in age from 13 to 19 years old, and 3 groups of elderly aged 60 years and over were interviewed to collect data regarding their interaction before and after an intergenerational program. RESULTS: The main findings suggested a change in attitude of young people toward old age and elderly people. Participating elderly people reported improvement in their health status. For both age groups the findings suggested a better understanding between generations. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that reminiscence intergenerational activity contributes to building up mutual trust and reciprocity. These results seem to indicate this is an alternative for investing in social capital and improving participants' well-being. However, further work is needed to support these findings.
Resumo:
Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotcnica e de Computadores. rea de Especializao de Telecomunicaes.