Hérnia de Amyand

We present vermiform appendix finding within an inguinal hernia sac, rare pathology, well-known as Amyand's hernia. We relate the incidence in the literature and the recommended conducts.

Hérnia intercostal transdiafragmática após fratura espontânea de costelas secundária à crise de tosse

One case of transdiafragmatic intercostal hernia after intense coughing fit followed by rib fractures in patient with history of pneumonia is presented. He had a severe coughing fit, developed a right toracoabdominal hematoma and then a tumor that was gradually enlarging. Image exams confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment consisted of surgical repair with the use of a polypropylene prosthetic mesh. It is a rare type of hernia. Only four cases were found in literature. The sooner the disease is diagnosed and treated the better the prognoses will be since it will prevent hernia from strangulation and incarceration.

Nova técnica para o fechamento dinâmico da parede abdominal

Os avanços nos cuidados com o paciente traumatizado e com infecções abdominais graves são responsáveis por um número crescente de peritoneostomias. O manejo desta entidade é complexo e várias técnicas foram descritas para seu tratamento. Recentemente foi introduzido na literatura o conceito de fechamento dinâmico da parede abdominal, com elevadas taxas de sucesso. O objetivo deste trabalho é de servir como nota prévia de uma nova abordagem para o tratamento das peritoneostomias, desenvolvida no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. Trata-se de um procedimento simples e de baixo custo, facilmente realizado por cirurgião geral. O procedimento também foi utilizado como reforço em fechamentos abdominais tensos, de maneira profilática. O procedimento é descrito em detalhes, assim como os resultados nos primeiros pacientes. Apesar de promissora, refinamentos técnicos e estudos complementares são necessários para a validação da técnica.

Hérnia traumática do pulmão

Traumatic lung herniation is an unusual clinical problem. We present a case of a large left post-traumatic lung hernia on the left, anterior, second intercostal space following blunt chest trauma. An important factor in the etiology of these lesions is the relative lack of muscular support of the anterior part of the chest. This report describes the diagnosis and management of a post-traumatic lung hernia.

Hérnia paraduodenal esquerda

A left paraduodenal hernia is a protrusion of the small intestine through the paraduodenal fossa, a congenital defect situated to the left of the fourth portion of the duodenum. Imaging studies often play a central role in diagnosing left paraduodenal hernias, as they are not easily identified clinically. Surgery is the treatment of choice. We report a case of left paraduodenal hernia in a 27-year-old female patient. The patient had shown no symptoms until six days before hospitalization. A CT scan suggested the diagnosis of left paraduodenal hernia. After an unsuccessful laparoscopic attempt, a laparotomy was performed. Open surgery consisted in removing adhesions between the hernia and peritoneum, reducing jejunal loops and closing the paraduodenal fossa. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the third postoperative day.

Hérnia de Petit bilateral espontânea

Petit's lumbar hernia is an uncommon defect of the posterior abdominal wall that represents less than 1% of all abdominal wall hernias. It is more often unilateral and founded in young females, rarely containing a real herniated sac. There are two different approaches to repair: laparoscopy and open surgery. The goal of this article is to report one case of spontaneous bilateral lumbar Petit's hernia treated with open surgery.

Inguinal hernias in patients of 50 years and above. Pattern and outcome

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate a one year experience with inguinal hernia repair, in patients of > 50years, with respect to the type of inguinal hernia, type of surgery, postoperative complications and recurrence. METHODS: a prospective descriptive study of patients (n=57) > 50 years operated for inguinal hernia during a one year period. Tension-free meshplasty and herniorrhaphy, using 3"x6" polypropylene mesh and 2-0 polypropylene suture, were performed in elective and emergency surgery respectively. Follow-up visits were scheduled at six weeks, three and six months postoperatively. RESULTS: the most representative age group was 61-70 years, and all patients were male. 52 (91.22%) patients had unilateral inguinal hernias, while five (8.77%) had bilateral hernias. In 50 (87.71%) patients, the hernia was uncomplicated, while seven (12.28%) patients presented with some complication such as obstruction or strangulation. Elective surgery was performed in 50 (87.71%) patients while seven (12.28%) patients were operated in emergency. Postoperatively, 50 (87.7%) patients had uneventful recovery, while seven (12.28%) patients developed some complications which were treated conservatively. Mean hospital stay was six days. One recurrence was observed and there was no peri/postoperative death. CONCLUSION: tension-free meshplasty and herniorrhaphy are safe, simple and applicable even in elderly patients after adequate pre-operative assessment and optimization. Although associated with longer hospital stay, the mortality rate is nil and complication as well as recurrence rate is low. Hence, timely repair is necessary in elderly patients even in those with comorbid conditions.

Natural history of extensive diaphragmatic injury on the right side: experimental study in rats

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the natural healing of the rat diaphragm that suffered an extensive right penetrating injury.METHODS: Animals were submitted to an extensive penetrating injury in right diaphragm. The sample consisted of 40 animals. The variables studied were initial weight, weight 21 days after surgery; healing of the diaphragm, non-healing of the diaphragm, and herniated abdominal contents into the chest.RESULTS: Ten animals were used as controls for weight and 30 animals were operated. Two animals died during the experiment, so 28 animals formed the operated group; healing of the diaphragm occurred in 15 animals (54%), 11 other animals showed diaphragmatic hernia (39%) and in two we observed only diaphragmatic injury without hernia (7%). Among the herniated organs, the liver was found in 100% of animals, followed by the omentum in 77%, small bowel in 62%, colon in 46%, stomach in 31% and spleen in 15%. The control group and the diaphragmatic healing subgroup showed increased weight since the beginning of the study and the 21 days after surgery (p <0.001). The unhealed group showed no change in weight (p = 0.228).CONCLUSION: there is a predominance of spontaneous healing in the right diaphragm; animals in which there was no healing of the diaphragm did not gain weight, and the liver was the organ present in 100% the diaphragmatic surface in all rats with healed diaphragm or not.

Temporary abdominal closure with zipper-mesh device for management of intra-abdominal sepsis

OBJECTIVE: to present our experience with scheduled reoperations in 15 patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. METHODS: we have applied a more effective technique consisting of temporary abdominal closure with a nylon mesh sheet containing a zipper. We performed reoperations in the operating room under general anesthesia at an average interval of 84 hours. The revision consisted of debridement of necrotic material and vigorous lavage of the involved peritoneal area. The mean age of patients was 38.7 years (range, 15 to 72 years); 11 patients were male, and four were female. RESULTS: forty percent of infections were due to necrotizing pancreatitis. Sixty percent were due to perforation of the intestinal viscus secondary to inflammation, vascular occlusion or trauma. We performed a total of 48 reoperations, an average of 3.2 surgeries per patient. The mesh-zipper device was left in place for an average of 13 days. An intestinal ostomy was present adjacent to the zipper in four patients and did not present a problem for patient management. Mortality was 26.6%. No fistulas resulted from this technique. When intra-abdominal disease was under control, the mesh-zipper device was removed, and the fascia was closed in all patients. In three patients, the wound was closed primarily, and in 12 it was allowed to close by secondary intent. Two patients developed hernia; one was incisional and one was in the drain incision. CONCLUSION: the planned reoperation for manual lavage and debridement of the abdomen through a nylon mesh-zipper combination was rapid, simple, and well-tolerated. It permitted effective management of severe septic peritonitis, easy wound care and primary closure of the abdominal wall.

Use of surgical mesh of different compositions in the correction of the abdominal wall defect in rats

Objective: To analyze the performance of two surgical meshes of different compositions during the defect healing process of the abdominal wall of rats. Methods: thirty-three adult Wistar rats were anesthetized and subjected to removal of an area of 1.5 cm x 2 cm of the anterior abdominal wall, except for the skin; 17 animals had the defect corrected by edge-to-edge surgical suture of a mesh made of polypropylene + poliglecaprone (Group U - UltraproTM); 16 animals had the defect corrected with a surgical mesh made of polypropylene + polidioxanone + cellulose (Group P - ProceedTM). Each group was divided into two subgroups, according to the euthanasia moment (seven days or 28 days after the operation). Parameters analyzed were macroscopic (adherence), microscopic (quantification of mature and immature collagen) and tensiometric (maximum tension and maximum rupture strength). Results : there was an increase in collagen type I in the ProceedTM group from seven to 28 days, p = 0.047. Also, there was an increase in the rupture tension on both groups when comparing the two periods. There was a lower rupture tension and tissue deformity with ProceedTM mesh in seven days, becoming equal at day 28. Conclusion : the meshes retain similarities in the final result and more studies with larger numbers of animals must be carried for better assessment.

Analysis of natural history of the diaphragmatic injury on the right in mice

Objective: to evaluate natural evolution of right diaphragmatic injury after the surgical removal of a portion from hemi diaphragm. Methods: the animals were submitted to a surgical removal of portion from right hemi diaphragm by median laparotomy. The sample consists of 42 animals being 2 animals from pilot project and 40 operated animals. And the variables of the study were herniation, liver protection, healing, persistent diaphragm injury, evaluation of 16 channels tomography and the variables "heart rate" and "weight". Results: we analyzed 40 mice, we had two post-operative deaths; we had 17 animals in this group suffered from herniation (42.5%) and 23 animals didn't suffer from herniation (57.5%). Analyzing the tomography as image method in the evaluation of diaphragmatic hernia, we had as a method with good sensitivity (78.6%), good specificity (90.9%), and good accuracy (86.1%) when compared to necropsy. Conclusion: there was a predominance of healing of right hemi diaphragm, the size of initial injury didn't have influence on occurrence of the liver protection or hernia in mice.

Resultado postnatal de fetos con malformación adenomatoide quística pulmonar en la unidad maternofetal Clínica Colombia

Introducción La Malformación Adenomatoide Quística Pulmonar es una patología que se desarrolla durante estadíos tempranos de desarrollo embriológico y su pronóstico depende del tamaño de la lesión pulmonar. Existen muy pocos estudios que caractericen esta patología, ninguno en nuestro país. Metodología Se realizó una serie de casos para describir el resultado postnatal de los casos registrados en la Clínica Colombia entre 2005 hasta 2013. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 20 casos. La malformación más frecuente fue MAQ III con 45% de los casos, de localización izquierda (75%), el 65% nacieron después de la semana 35 y con un peso mayor de 2500 g. Tan solo 30 % desarrollaron hidrops asociado. Hubo una mortalidad de 35% (7 casos). Discusion La MAQ es un patología infrecuente que genera una alta morbimortalidad en la vida perinatal. Se requieren estudios con muestras más amplias para determinar los factores pronósticos para la ocurrencia de los desenlaces adversos como la necesidad de cirugía de urgencia, deterioro respiratorio o mortalidad.

Uso del Sildenafil en hipertensión pulmonar del recién nacido. Revisión sistemática de la literatura

Antecedentes El desarrollo de la hipertensión pulmonar en el recién nacido es una condición grave que supone un peligro para su vida. Se ha propuesto el uso del sildenafil como tratamiento para esta enfermedad, sin embargo no ha sido evaluada su eficacia a través de una revisión sistemática. Objetivos Determinar el efecto del sildenafil en el manejo de recién nacidos con diagnóstico de hipertensión pulmonar a través de la realización de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Metodología Se planteó la realización de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. La búsqueda fue realizada a través de las bases de datos: Pubmed, Embase, LiLaCS y Cochrane library. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos controlados y estudios de cohortes publicados en los idiomas inglés y español. Las variables cualitativas fueron estimadas como riesgos relativos o odds ratios con sus IC95%, las variables cualitativas como diferencias de promedios con sus IC95%. Resultados Se incluyeron 4 estudios en la revisión sistemática. Dos estudios compararon el sildenafil contra el placebo. El uso del sildenafil se relacionó con una menor mortalidad y mejoría en los parámetros ventilatorios. Conclusión: Es aconsejable el uso del sildenafil en el manejo de la hipertensión pulmonar en niños.

Factores asociados al dolor crónico posoperatorio en pacientes llevados a herniorrafia inguinal

Introducción: La herniorrafia inguinal se asocia hasta en un 50% de los casos con dolor crónico posoperatorio (DCP), y en algunos puede ser incapacitante. En este estudio se evaluaron los factores asociados al DCP en pacientes llevados a herniorrafia inguinal. Métodología: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte multicéntrico. Se obtuvo información sociodemográfica y de antecedentes personales. Se determinó la presencia e intensidad de dolor agudo posoperatorio (DAP) y se evaluaron los factores asociados al DCP con seguimiento a los dos meses del posoperatorio. Se establecieron asociaciones con la prueba chi cuadrado. Mediante una regresión lineal se evaluó el papel de los factores de confusión. Resultados: Se analizaron 108 pacientes. 54.7% presentaron DCP. La edad menor de 40 años, el DAP no controlado, el DAP severo, y el dolor no controlado entre la primera y tercera semanas del POP se relacionaron con mayor riesgo de DCP. La edad mayor a 65, el uso de opioides intratecales, la visualización y preservación de los nervios durante la cirugía, y el uso de tres o más analgésicos intravenosos con bloqueo ilioinguinal/iliohipogástrico fueron factores protectores. Discusión: El DCP es frecuente en nuestro medio. La prevención y manejo eficientes del DAP utilizando analgesia multimodal, el uso de opioide intratecal, y la identificación y preservación de los nervios en el área quirúrgica ayudan a prevenir el desarrollo de DCP. Estudios de este tipo realizados a una escala más grande, permitirán identificar otros factores relacionados con esta patología. Palabras clave: Dolor crónico postoperatorio, herniorrafia inguinal, inguinodina, factores asociados.

Herniorrafia inguinal por laparoscopia, experiencia en hospital universitario mayor de febrero 2013 a febrero 2014

Los defectos herniarios inguinales son una condición con alta prevalencia en nuestra población. En los últimos años la introducción de la cirugía laparoscopia para la corrección de esta patología ha tomado fuerza gradualmente. El propósito del presente trabajo es describir la experiencia en el uso de esta técnica quirúrgica en una institución hospitalaria. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal en el cual se revisaron las historias clínica de cada uno de los sujetos llevados a herniorrafia inguinal laparoscópica, donde se evaluaron las características pre y postoperatorias de los casos, así como las complicaciones derivadas del procedimiento. Resultados: Se evaluaron un total de 250 pacientes para un total de 334 Herniorrafias. El promedio de edad fue 58,3 años. La relación hombre mujer fue 3,7: 1. Del total de procedimientos 168 correspondieron a defectos bilaterales. 32 pacientes tenían antecedentes de herniorrafia previa. Se presentaron un total de tres complicaciones. El promedio general de tiempo quirúrgico fue de 69,3 minutos. El seguimiento post operatorio evidencio al dolor inguinal agudo como el principal proceso patológico derivado. El promedio de tiempo de incapacidad en total fue 8,3 días. Se encontró reproducción de la hernia comprobado por ecografía en 10 pacientes. No se produjo ninguna mortalidad en los pacientes del estudio. Conclusiones: La corrección laparoscopia se ha convertido en una alternativa segura y eficiente en el tratamiento definitivo de los defectos herniarios inguinales y debe ser tenida en cuenta en el momento de seleccionar la vía de acceso.