La música como terapia en la escuela (estudio experimental de casos).

Cerciorarse de los encantos que la música produce en el niño y estudiar la influencia que esta tiene en el sujeto. Diez niños en edades comprendidas entre nueve y doce años, pertenecientes al aula de recuperación de quinto curso de EGB del Colegio Mixto de Pizarrales de Salamanca. Estudia los comienzos de la conducta musical en el hombre, su compromiso con la música, así como los efectos que la música produce en él, e intenta llevar los principios teóricos al terreno experimental, basándose, en los trabajos realizados por el Dr. Benenzon, de esta manera ha establecido un determinado tipo de reeducación en un grupo de niños con problemas psicomotores y motrices, a través de una serie de actividades. Prueba experimental. La experiencia consta de dos partes: una diagnóstica donde se propone conectar con los sujetos y de alguna manera conocerlos, mediante una comunicación no verbal y una segunda parte terapéutica, donde no se ha seguido ningún método determinado. 1)Un grupo de diez sujetos es bastante numeroso para poder observar a cada uno en particular; quizá el número ideal sea de cinco a seis. Al mismo tiempo, una duración de tres horas semanales en tres meses, es poco tiempo para poder determinar unos resultados precisos. 2) El ritmo y la imagen corporal se fueron desarrollando poco a poco, de forma muy lenta, al irse perfeccionado la percepción auditiva del ritmo musical y el uso rítmico en el tiempo y el espacio. 3) Poco a poco se logró una mayor sensibilidad a determinados tipos de música, en un principio nada atractivas, logrando captar determinados aspectos interesantes así como el adquirir un determinado gusto musical. 4) La responsabilidad creada a nivel de grupo e individual se fue acentuando, llegando a imponer ellos mismos el orden y el silencio. 5) La desinhibición y las barreras emocionales se expresaron en un compañerismo y en una conciencia de grupo bastante aceptable. 6) la atención prestada dio como resultado una mayor capacitación para el movimiento. 7) Adquirieron unos elementales conocimientos musicales relacionados fundamentalmente con los instrumentos. 8) La conclusión de las sesiones causó gran nerviosismo y tristeza.

Universidad, pensamiento sociológico y estructura social.

Análisis del pensamiento sociológico de la Universidad española de este siglo. Análisis de la estructura social de la Universidad española. Demostrar la imposibilidad de una estructura democrática para la universidad española hasta 1939, y también su debilidad ante las fuerzas sociales (internacionales y de política interna). El estudio utilizó para la muestra fuentes documentales existentes sobre el objeto de trabajo. Investigación descriptiva que utiliza un método histórico y que analiza, a través del estudio de las teorías sociológicas de los distintos autores de la época, desde distintas perspectivas, en distintas sociedades, y en diferentes etapas económicas y políticas, el pensamiento sociológico sobre la Universidad. Todos los sociólogos clásicos y los críticos marxistas, desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, han generado ideas sobre la Universidad. Había una dependencia de la Universidad del sistema capitalista mundial. Gran expansión de la Universidad española en los años 70. Hasta 1977, hay una baja financiación de la Universidad española. Desde 1939 a 1951, gran función política del bando vencedor en la guerra. De 1951 a 1960, la Universidad va al unísono de la política y economía e intenta liberalizar su estructura. De 1968 a 1971, es una época de estudiantes radicales. 1978 es el año de la Autonomía universitaria.

La adecuación entre las competencias adquiridas por los graduados y las requeridas por los empresarios

Resumen basado en el de la publicación.

La evaluaci??n como componente de an??lisis del conocimiento did??ctico del contenido en el caso del campo el??ctrico

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n. Resumen en ingl??s

Conocimiento y praxis docente universitaria : entre la profesi??n de base y la investigaci??n disciplinar : estudio de casos m??ltiples

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Identidades y políticas culturales en Esmeraldas y Cali: estudio de casos sobre organizaciones Afro, producción cultural y raza

Las identidades y políticas culturales que tienen lugar en ciudades como Esmeraldas y Cali, implican el análisis de procesos de modernidad/colonialidad a través de los cuales es posible escuchar las voces subalternizadas de los afropobladores en estas ciudades. El trabajo que se presenta a continuación es el resultado del trabajo de investigación que imbrica el trabajo de campo en las ciudades en mención, esto es, del diálogo con los actores sociales que posibilitan la renovación y (re)significación de términos como cultura, política, identidad, organizaciones, así como del diálogo con autores, conceptos y abordajes teóricos que posibilitan una inmersión en la densidad histórica, política y cultural expuesta. Recoger, de manera sistemática las posibilidades analíticas generadas en la maestría, con las experiencias colectivas de colectivos y organizaciones afro esmeraldeñas y afro caleñas, es la ruta de estudio presentada en esta tesis, para comprender la construcción identitaria y los procesos que dan lugar a la emergencia de políticas y de agencias políticas en Cali y Esmeraldas.

Climate response to basin-scale warming and cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean

Using experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model, the climate impacts of a basin-scale warming or cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean are investigated. Multidecadal fluctuations with this pattern were observed during the twentieth century, and similar variations--but with larger amplitude--are believed to have occurred in the more distant past. It is found that in all seasons the response to warming the North Atlantic is strongest, in the sense of highest signal-to-noise ratio, in the Tropics. However there is a large seasonal cycle in the climate impacts. The strongest response is found in boreal summer and is associated with suppressed precipitation and elevated temperatures over the lower-latitude parts of North and South America. In August­-September-­October there is a significant reduction in the vertical shear in the main development region for Atlantic hurricanes. In winter and spring, temperature anomalies over land in the extratropics are governed by dynamical changes in circulation rather than simply reflecting a thermodynamic response to the warming or cooling of the ocean. The tropical climate response is primarily forced by the tropical SST anomalies, and the major features are in line with simple models of the tropical circulation response to diabatic heating anomalies. The extratropical climate response is influenced both by tropical and higher-latitude SST anomalies and exhibits nonlinear sensitivity to the sign of the SST forcing. Comparisons with multidecadal changes in sea level pressure observed in the twentieth century support the conclusion that the impact of North Atlantic SST change is most important in summer, but also suggest a significant influence in lower latitudes in autumn and winter. Significant climate impacts are not restricted to the Atlantic basin, implying that the Atlantic Ocean could be an important driver of global decadal variability. The strongest remote impacts are found to occur in the tropical Pacific region in June­-August and September­-November. Surface anomalies in this region have the potential to excite coupled ocean­atmosphere feedbacks, which are likely to play an important role in shaping the ultimate climate response.

Expression of four beta-galactosidases from Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB41171 and their contribution on the hydrolysis and synthesis of galactooligosaccharides

This paper deals with two aspects tightly related to the enzymatic characteristics and expression of four beta-galactosidases (BbgI, BbgII, BbgIII and BbgIV) from Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB41171. The growth patterns of this strain indicated a preference towards complex (i.e. lactose, galactooligosaccharides (GOSs)) rather than simple carbohydrates (i.e. glucose and galactose) and a collaborative action and synergistic relation of more than one beta-galactosidase isoenzyme for either lactose or GOS hydrolysis and subsequent assimilation. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of protein extracts from cells growing on different carbohydrates (i.e. glucose, lactose or GOS) indicated that two lactose hydrolysing enzymes (BbgI and BbgIII) and one GOS hydrolysing enzyme (BbgII) were constitutively expressed, whereas a fourth lactose hydrolysing enzyme (BbgIV) was induced in the presence of lactose or different GOS fractions. Furthermore, the beta-galactosidase expression profiles of B. bifidum cells and the transgalactosylating properties of each individual isoenzyme, with lactose as substrate, clearly indicated that mainly three isoenzymes (BbgI, BbgIII and BbgIV) are implicated in GOS synthesis when whole B. bifidum cells are utilised. Two of the isoenzymes (BbgI and BbgIV) proved to have better transgalactosylating properties giving yields ranging from 42% to 47% whereas the rest (BbgI and BbgIII) showed lower yields (15% and 29%, respectively).

Induced-fit binding of π-electron donor substrates to macrocyclic aromatic ether-imide-sulfones: a versatile approach to molecular assembly

Novel macrocyclic receptors which bind electron-donor aromatic substrates via π-stacking donor- acceptor interactions are obtained by cyclo-imidization of an amine-functionalized arylether-sulfone with pyromellitic- and 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydrides. These macrocycles complex with a wide variety of π-donor substrates including tetrathiafulvalene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, perylene, and functional derivatives of these polycyclic hydrocarbons. The resulting supramolecular assemblies range from simple 1:1 complexes, to [2]- and [3]-pseudorotaxanes, and even (as a result of crystallographic disorder) an apparent polyrotaxane. Direct, five-component self-assembly of a metal-centred [3]pseudorotaxane is also observed, on complexation of a macrocyclic ether-imide with 8-hydroxyquinoline in the presence of palladium(II) ions. Binding studies in solution were carried out by 1H NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy, and the stoichiometries of binding were confirmed by Job plots based on charge-transfer absorption bands. The highest association constants are found for strong π-donor guests with large surface-areas, notably perylene and 1-hydroxypyrene, for which Ka values of 1.4 x 103 and 2.3 x 103 M-1 respectively are found. Single crystal X-ray analyses of the receptors and their derived complexes reveal large, induced-fit distortions of the macrocyclic frameworks as a result of complexation. These structures provide compelling evidence for the existence of strong, attractive forces between the electronically-complementary aromatic π-systems of host and guest.

The changing atmospheric water cycle in polar regions in a warmer climate

We have examined the atmospheric water cycle of both Polar Regions, pole wards of 60°N and 60°S, using the ERA-Interim re-analysis and high-resolution simulations with the ECHAM5 model for both the present and future climate based on the IPCC, A1B scenario, representative of the last three decades of the 21st century. The annual precipitation in ERA-Interim amounts to ~17000 km3 and is more or less the same in the Arctic and the Antarctic, but it is composed differently. In the Arctic the annual evaporation is some 8000 km3 but some 3000 km3 less in the Antarctica where the net horizontal transport is correspondingly larger. The net water transport of the model is more intense than in ERA-Interim, in the Arctic the difference is 2.5% and in the Antarctic it is 6.2%. Precipitation and net horizontal transport in the Arctic has a maximum in August and September. Evaporation peaks in June and July. The seasonal cycle is similar in Antarctica with the highest precipitation in the austral autumn. The largest net transport occurs at the end of the major extra-tropical storm tracks in the Northern Hemisphere such as the eastern Pacific and eastern north Atlantic. The variability of the model is virtually identical to that of the re-analysis and there are no changes in variability between the present climate and the climate at the end of the 21st century when normalized with the higher level of moisture. The changes from year to year are substantial with the 20 and 30-year records being generally too short to identify robust trends in the hydrological cycle. In the A1B climate scenario the strength of the water cycle increases by some 25% in the Arctic and by 19% in the Antarctica, as measured by annual precipitation. The increase in the net horizontal transport is 29% and 22% respectively, and the increase in evaporation correspondingly less. The net transport follows closely the Clausius-Clapeyron relation. There is 2 a minor change in the annual cycle of the Arctic atmospheric water cycle with the maximum transport and precipitation occurring later in the year. There is a small imbalance of some 4-6% between the net transport and precipitation minus evaporation. We suggest that this is mainly due to the fact the transport is calculated from instantaneous 6-hourly data while precipitation and evaporation is accumulated over a 6 hour period. The residual difference is proportionally similar for all experiments and hardly varies from year to year.

A wind-tunnel study of flow distortion at a meteorological sensor on top of the BT Tower, London, UK

High quality wind measurements in cities are needed for numerous applications including wind engineering. Such data-sets are rare and measurement platforms may not be optimal for meteorological observations. Two years' wind data were collected on the BT Tower, London, UK, showing an upward deflection on average for all wind directions. Wind tunnel simulations were performed to investigate flow distortion around two scale models of the Tower. Using a 1:160 scale model it was shown that the Tower causes a small deflection (ca. 0.5°) compared to the lattice on top on which the instruments were placed (ca. 0–4°). These deflections may have been underestimated due to wind tunnel blockage. Using a 1:40 model, the observed flow pattern was consistent with streamwise vortex pairs shed from the upstream lattice edge. Correction factors were derived for different wind directions and reduced deflection in the full-scale data-set by <3°. Instrumental tilt caused a sinusoidal variation in deflection of ca. 2°. The residual deflection (ca. 3°) was attributed to the Tower itself. Correction of the wind-speeds was small (average 1%) therefore it was deduced that flow distortion does not significantly affect the measured wind-speeds and the wind climate statistics are reliable.

Panzootics and the poor: devising a global livestock disease prioritisation framework for poverty alleviation

Panzootics such as highly pathogenic avian influenza and Rift Valley fever have originated from the South, largely among poor communities. On a global level, approximately two-thirds of those individuals living on less than US$2 per day keep livestock. Consequently, there is a need to better target animal health interventions for poverty reduction using an evidence-based approach. Therefore, the paper offers a three-step prioritisation framework using calculations derived from standard poverty measures: the poverty gap and the head count ratio. Data from 265 poor livestock-keeping households in Kenya informed the study. The results demonstrate that, across a spectrum of producers, the dependence upon particular species varies. Furthermore, the same livestock disease has differing impacts on the depth and severity of poverty. Consequently, animal health interventions need to

Studying the impact of ubiquitous monitoring technology on office worker behaviours: the value of sharing research data

Pervasive computing is a continually, and rapidly, growing field, although still remains in relative infancy. The possible applications for the technology are numerous, and stand to fundamentally change the way users interact with technology. However, alongside these are equally numerous potential undesirable effects and risks. The lack of empirical naturalistic data in the real world makes studying the true impacts of this technology difficult. This paper describes how two independent research projects shared such valuable empirical data on the relationship between pervasive technologies and users. Each project had different aims and adopted different methods, but successfully used the same data and arrived at the same conclusions. This paper demonstrates the benefit of sharing research data in multidisciplinary pervasive computing research where real world implementations are not widely available.