UbiDM: A new paradigm for product design and manufacturing via ubiquitous computing technology

Since ubiquitous technology was introduced in the early 1980s, it has rapidly developed, and been applied to various domains mainly for the improvement of human life. In this article, the authors propose that ubiquitous computing technology can be effectively used for the design and manufacturing of a product by proposing a new paradigm, called UbiDM (Design and Manufacture via Ubiquitous Computing Technology). The key aspect of UbiDM is the utilisation of the entire product lifecycle information obtained via ubiquitous computing technology for the design and manufacture of the product. The new paradigm can solve many of the problems that have not been properly handled by previous manufacturing paradigms. Specifically, it will address the concept of UbiDM by the following aspects: (1) why there is a need for UbiDM; (2) the essence of UbiDM; (3) enabling technologies; (4) application area; (5) worldwide RD status; and (6) the societal impacts of UbiDM.

Macrozoobenthic community of Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake of China, in the Yangtze floodplain

Poyang Lake (Poyang Hu) is located at the junction of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze (Changjiang) River, covering an area of 3283 km(2). As one of the few lakes that are still freely connected with the river, it plays an important role in the maintenance of the unique biota of the Yangtze floodplain ecosystem. To promote the conservation of Poyang Lake, an investigation of the macrobenthos in the lake itself and adjoining Yangtze mainstream was conducted in 1997-1999. Altogether 58 benthic taxa, including, 22 annelids, 8 mollusks, 26 arthropods, and 2 miscellaneous animals, were identified from quantitative samples. The benthic fauna shows a high diversity and a marine affinity. The standing crops of benthos in the lake were much higher than those in the river, being 659 individuals/m(2) and 187.3g/m(2) (wet mass) in the main lake, and 549 individuals/m(2) and 116.6 g/m(2) in the lake outlet, but only 129 individuals/m(2) and 0.4g/m(2) in the river. The dominant roup in the lake was Mollusca, comprising 63.4% of the total in density and 99.5% in biomass. An analysis of the functional feeding structure indicated that collector-filterers and scrapers were predominant in the lake, up to 42.2% and 24.7% in density and 70.2% and 29.2% in biomass, respectively, while shredders and collector-gatherers were relatively common in the river. The present study was restricted to the northern outlet and the northeast part of Poyang Lake. A scrutiny is required for the remaining areas.

A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Metapenaeopsis (Decapoda : Penaeidae) based on mitochondrial dna sequences of selected species from the Indo-West Pacific

Phylogenetic relationships within Metapenaeopsis remain largely unknown. The modern revision of the genus suggests that the shape of the petasma, followed by the presence of a stidulating organ, are the most important distinguishing taxonomic features. In the present study, phylogenetic relationships were studied among seven Metapenaeopsis species from the Indo-West Pacific based on partial sequences of mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genes. Mean sequence divergence was 6.4% for 16S and 15.8% for COI. A strikingly large nucleotide distance (10.0% for 16S and 16.9% for COI) was recorded between M. commensalis, the only Indo-West Pacific species with a one-valved petasma, and the other species with a two-valved petasma. Phylogenetic analyses using neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood generated mostly identical tree topologies in which M. commensalis is distantly related to the other species. Two clades were resolved for the remaining species, one with and the other without a stridulating organ, supporting the main groupings of the recent taxonomic revision. Results of the present study also indicate that the deep-water forms represent a relatively recent radiation in Metapenaeopsis.

mc-Si : H/c-Si solar cell prepared by PECVD

Hetero-junction solar cells with an me-Si: H window layer were achieved. The open voltage is increased while short current is decreased with increasing the mc-Si:H layer's thickness of emitter layer. The highest of V-oc of 597 mV has obtained. When fixed the thickness of 30 nm, changing the N type from amorphous silicon layer to micro-crystalline layer, the efficiency of the hetero-junction solar cells is increased. Although the hydrogen etching before deposition enables the c-Si substrates to become rough by AFM images, it enhances the formation of epitaxial-like micro-crystalline silicon and better parameters of solar cell can be obtained by implying this process. The best result of efficiency is 13.86% with the V-oc of 549.8 mV, J(sc) of 32.19 mA center dot cm(-2) and the cell's area of 1 cm(2).

Photovoltaic effect of tin disulfide with nanocrystalline/amorphous blended phases

Tin disulfide (SnS2) nanocrystalline/amorphous blended phases were synthesized by mild chemical reaction. Both X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements demonstrate that the as-synthesized particles presented very small size, with a diameter of only a few nanometers. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum suggests efficient splitting of photo-generated excitons in poly[2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) and SnS2 hybrid films. Organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells comprising MDMO-PPV and SnS2 were prepared, giving photovoltage, photocurrent, fill factor and efficiency values of 0.702 V, 0.549 mA/cm(2), 0.385 and 0.148%, respectively, which suggests that this phase-blended inorganic semiconductor can also serve as a promising solar energy material. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

5-氨基乙酰丙酸对日光温室番茄生长发育和产量品质的影响

为外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)在日光温室蔬菜上的应用提供科学依据。【方法】研究了不同浓度ALA处理对日光温室番茄生产的影响。【结果】ALA以及ALA+N叶面施用均明显提高了番茄植株株高、叶绿素相对含量和果实产量,并改善了番茄果实品质;与对照相比,外源ALA各处理植株株高、叶绿素相对含量和单株生物产量均有明显提高,其中D处理(ALA1号肥料第1次2 kg/hm2,第2~4次1 kg/hm2)效果最佳,植株株高、叶绿素相对含量及单株生物产量分别提高27.18%,17.75%和13.93%;外源ALA对番茄果实产量和品质也有明显的提高和改善作用,其中处理B(ALA1号肥料第1次0.5 kg/hm2,第2~4次0.3 kg/hm2)对果实产量效果最明显,处理E(ALA3号肥料第1次2.5 kg/hm2,第2~4次1.5 kg/hm2)对果实品质效果最佳。【结论】处理E(ALA3号肥料第1次2.5 kg/hm2,第2~4次1.5 kg/hm2)既有利于番茄生长发育,又能增加产量并改善品质,为最佳的ALA施用量及方法。

磁场引起弱耦合超晶格中隧穿电流的增加

在n-型掺杂弱耦合GaAs/AlAs超晶格中,沿着垂直于超晶格平面方向加一个静态磁场,研究电子的隧穿过程.随着磁场的增加,相邻量子阱基态间的隧穿电流增加.这是由于磁场导致电子的隧穿机制发生了变化,即由低磁场下电子的非共振隧穿或跳跃电导向高磁场下电子的共振隧穿的转变.

1．55μm低温生长GaAs谐振腔增强型探测器

利用低温（200℃）生长的GaAs材料作为吸收层制备了GaAs基1．55μm谐振腔增强型（RCE）光电探测器，对其光电特性进行了分析、研究．无光照0偏压下探测器暗电流为8．0×10^12A；光电流谱峰值波长1563nm；响应谱线半宽4nm，具有良好的波长选择性．