Marcel Pepin, l’homme du contre-pouvoir

Cette recherche sur la pensée de Marcel Pepin présente cet important leader syndical et montre sa contribution comme acteur du système de relations industrielles dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle. Inspirée des travaux de Fernand Dumont et de Louis-Marie Tremblay, portant notamment sur les idéologies et la philosophie du syndicalisme québécois, cette recherche permet d’examiner la pensée de Marcel Pepin selon les trois dimensions suivantes : la définition de soi, la définition du milieu et la définition du rapport entre soi et les autres. Une cinquantaine d’indicateurs regroupés à l’intérieur de treize composantes permettent de raffiner cette analyse de contenu. Les documents analysés sont principalement les écrits produits par Marcel Pepin, notamment ses rapports moraux produits alors qu’il préside la CSN, ainsi que les nombreux textes présentés comme conférencier, professeur d’université ou comme président du Mouvement socialiste. Ardent syndicaliste, ses actions visaient une plus grande justice sociale et économique. Homme d’une grande rigueur, il savait lier l’aspect intellectuel de sa pensée à des gestes concrets sur le terrain. Pour lui, le syndicalisme, par le biais de la CSN, était le moyen tout désigné pour apporter de nouvelles idées et des méthodes pour changer le système en place. Appelé à endosser un rôle de leader pendant toute sa carrière, Marcel Pepin a su exercer avec doigté une direction axée sur l’intelligence et le respect afin de créer ce contre-pouvoir essentiel à l’atteinte de ses idéaux. Cette recherche nous permet aussi de voir l’interrelation entre un leader et l’organisation qu’il représente.

Wage policy in Indian industries

India is on the threshold of industrial and economic development. The growth would be retarded if harmonious employer-employee relations are not maintained. 'Wages' plays a fundamental role in establishing this relationship. However, much controversy in the industrial sphere revolves round the question of wages. Though formerly the laissez faire doctrine prevailed, with the emergence of the welfare state ideology, notions of national economy and social justice gained prominence. The problem of wages has became one with social, political, economic, psychological and legal dimensions. Formulation of a proper wage policy is thus a riddle. Realities of the present have to be fused with perspectives about the future. With due recognition of all significant factors, a proper balance has to be struck, which should be the hard core of any wage policy. This study emphasises the need for a wage policy which may meet the requirements of rapid economic growth and stable industrial relations. The study also indicates the proper bases for the promotien of such a policy.

The Containment of Labour Unrest in the Post Socialist China

Due to its transition from the socialist mode of production to the capitalist mode, workers in China have been exposed to the exploitative class relations that they hardly experienced before. The working class is now assuming a subordinate position in the relations of production while the capitalist class remains in the dominant position. As a consequence, workers’ protests are constantly emerging and class conflicts are exacerbating in the contemporary China. I have set out to study in this paper how the party-state in China contains labour unrest through the All China Federation of Trade Unions (the ACFTU), which I argue is a state apparatus that performs the ideological, political and economic functions in different situations. There has been an ongoing academic debate on if the ACFTU is defending workers’ interests. Some scholars have expressed optimism while some have taken a dim view. Drawing on Poulantzas’ theory of capitalist state, I hope to make contribution to this debate by demonstrating that the ACFTU is under some circumstances serving the short term interests of workers as individuals, but not the economic and political interests of workers as a class. Instead of organizing workers to overcome the effects of isolation or forming a class for itself, the ACFTU attempts to contain labour unrest and reproduce their subordination in the relations of production.

Análisis de la influencia del Modelo Socioeconómico Chaebol en la crisis financiera del sudeste asiático de 1997: Tailandia

A partir del fin de la Guerra de Corea los diferentes gobiernos que tomaron el poder permitieron la consolidación de las grandes empresas Chaebol. El análisis social se basa en rescatar principios del confucianismo que pueden verse representados en el sistema corporativo estudiado, entre ellos la piedad filial, la honestidad, la educación. Al analizar los factores confucianos se logra determinar ciertas dinámicas presentes en las empresas Chaebol que muestran similitud con las causas de la Crisis Financiera del Sudeste asiático en 1997 lo que permite crear una relación entre el modelo y la crisis. La sobreinversión, el sobreendeudamiento, la relación entre el gobierno y los Chaebol son un ejemplo de dinámicas resultantes. Al tener a Tailandia como segundo país de referencia fue necesario buscar la existencia de relaciones entre el sistema económico y social tailandés, además de encontrar dinámicas resultantes del modelo corporativo de Tailandia similares a las coreanas para finalizar relacionándolas con la crisis financiera.

Determinantes estructurales de la sindicalización en Colombia

Las causas y los efectos de la asociación sindical han sido ampliamente estudiados por la literatura económica; no obstante en el caso colombiano existe un claro sesgo hacia el estudio de los efectos sobre el salario. Este documento presenta un estudio de los determinantes estructurales de la tasa de densidad sindical para Colombia incluyendo algunos aspectos particulares como los efectos regionales y sectoriales utilizando la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares 2007. Se encuentra que la densidad sindical está determinada por factores semejantes a los de otros mercados de trabajo con patrones similares de negociación sindical, como los reportados por Johnson (2005). Finalmente, dadas sus cifras de asesinato de sindicalistas, consideramos que los determinantes de la afiliación sindical para el caso Colombiano son más complejos que los de otros países latinoamericanos

La Importancia del conocimiento de las salidas profesionales en la elección y al cursar una titulación. Proyecto 'mercado laboral de los egresados en relaciones laborales'

La presente comunicación se basa en el proyecto Integra: Tutorias de transición 'Mercado laboral de los egresados en Relaciones laborales', Proyecto de Innovación educativa del Vicerectorat de Convergència Europea i Qualitat de la Universitat de València. El objetivo del mismo ha sido mostrar a los estudiantes de Relaciones Laborales, principalmente del programa de innovación docente (PIE), las principales salidas profesionales, las competencias y habilidades requeridas y su vinculación con las materias objeto de estudio de su titulación. Para ello, se ha contado con la participación en el proyecto del profesorado que impartía docencia en el PIE y un grupo de profesionales externos a la Universidad, directamente vinculados a dichos estudios, que expusieron una descripción del puesto, requisitos de acceso, funciones, habilidades requeridas, competencias exigidas, recompensas y dificultades en el ejercicio de la profesión. El proyecto incluye el desarrollo de una aplicación informatica en eXe-learnig (http://www.uv.es/innovarl) con diverso material escrito, audiovisual alojado en el servidor multimedia de la Universitat de València y links con otras páginas webs que permite al usuario, futuro estudiante de la universidad, estudiante actrual o persona interesada en la tematica, navegar a través de los contenidos publicados

Enseñanza de competencias compartidas; coordinación, método de caso y auto-aprendizaje. Propuesta para el diseño de la asignatura Auditoria Laboral del Grado de Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos

Al diseñar la asignatura Auditoria Laboral del nuevo grado de relaciones laborales y recursos Humanos de la UPV/EHU nos planteamos como reto la superación de la tradicional compartimentación de asignaturas en diferentes departamentos. En esta comunicación presentamos el trabajo realizado por un grupo de profesores de distintos áreas de conocimiento para el diseño de la asignatura socio laboral. Este proyecto fue aceptado en la convocatoria 2009/11 de los Proyectos Innovación Educativa de la UPV/EHU

Union inclusiveness and temporary agency workers: the role of power resources and union ideology

This article investigates the determinants of union inclusiveness towards agency workers in Western Europe, using an index which combines unionization rates with dimensions of collective agreements covering agency workers. Using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, we identify two combinations of conditions leading to inclusiveness: the ‘Northern path’ includes high union density, high bargaining coverage and high union authority, and is consistent with the power resources approach. The ‘Southern path’ combines high union authority, high bargaining coverage, statutory regulations of agency work and working-class orientation, showing that ideology rather than institutional incentives shapes union strategies towards the marginal workforce.

Flexible work and immigration in Europe

Immigration has risen substantially in many European economies, with far-reaching if still uncertain implications for labor markets and industrial relations. This paper investigates such implications, focusing on employment flexibility, involving both ‘external flexibility’ (fixed-term or temporary agency and/or involuntary part-time work) and ‘internal flexibility’ (overtime and/or balancing-time accounts). The paper identifies reasons why immigration should generally increase the incidence of such flexibility, and why external should rise more than internal flexibility. The paper supports these claims using a dataset of establishments in sixteen European countries.

The Quest for CSR in Closedowns

This paper focuses on analysis of and suggestions for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) orienta- tion during the closedown process.The article addresses CSR considerations that adjust business strategies, which in turn change the Human Resource Management (HRM) focus. Our study fo- cuses on four best practice cases in Sweden, which are compared with three reported cases in the literature.All four best practice cases had a long notice period and socially responsible coordination of management and employees, which created adjusted corporate strategies.Three cases had the CSR orientation in the earliest stage, while the fourth case had this coordination during a later stage of the closedown process. We develop a model where we show that the scope for action increases if the CSR orientation and coordination of actions come early in the closedown process, due to the increased ability to adjust the business strategy and create a plan for outreach HRM activities and local community activities. 

Collective bargaining in Brazilian manufacturing, 1978-95

Collective bargaining, it is widely claimed, has been on the increase in Brazil since the late 1970s. This is seen as part of a broader change in Brazilian industrial relations towards a hybrid system of interest representation, in which elements of both the old state corporatism and pluralism now coexist. However, there is little or no systematic empirical evidence available to support this conclusion. This thesis addresses the question of the strengthening of collective bargaining as a method of job regulation in Brazil by providing a detailed empirical study. The questions of this study are: (a) how important has collective bargaining become in establishing provisions on the terms and conditions of the employment relationship which are not simply reproducing rules established via state regulation?; and (b) what factors accounted for changes in the content of these provisions? An analysis of 10,734 provisions in 287 collective agreements in manufacturing industries in the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre, the capital of the southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul, was carried out for the period of 1978-95. This analysis offers support for the thesis that the significance of collective bargaining has increased. It shows that: (a) most substantive provisions created rules that were not established in other forms of regulation; (b) provisions that replicate the contents of regulatory legislation accounted for one out of seven substantive provisions, but in spite of being a copy of the law, these provisions are not entirely neutral for job regulation; (c) collective agreements also laid down substantive provisions benefiting employers, and not simply employees; and (d) the pace of change in bargaining outcomes oscillated with changes in the economic, legal and judicial contexts. This pace of change was mostly affected by (i) the rate of unemployment, (ii) the degree of openness of the economy to foreign competition, (iii) the capacity of employers to pass on costs to costumers, (iv) stabilisation policies aimed at curbing inflation, (v) the Federal Constitution made in 1988, (vi) the official rate of minimum wages, and (vii) the conduct of the labour judicial system in settling collective disputes.

A Reestruturação produtiva e o surgimento de um novo padrão de ação sindical no Brasil

This work is focused on understanding the most important issues originated from the current Brazilian productive restructuring and its impacts on the formation of a new unionism style, especially the pattern followed by the Workers Union's Congress (CUT). From the processes that have been developing in the automotive factories of the ABC region, as well as inside the unions, we can say that: (i) the participation of the unions in the elaboration and modificaton of the productive processes and the labor organization has been increasing; (ii) this trend has been spreading very quickly inside the workers union movement linked to the CUT, strenghtening the inflexion taken by this Congress since the beginning of the nineties; (iii) the negotiations and its outcomes are drawing away from an approach that seeks to establish a mechanical correspondance between production flexibilization measures and the implementation of certain industrial relations.

Relaciones laborales y estrategias de renta en los enclaves minerometalúrgicos de Pará

RESUMEN: A partir de los marcos teóricos sociológicos del Sistema-mundo y de las interpretaciones globalistas, este escrito se basa en un estudio a nivel micro sociológico sobre las relaciones laborales en los enclaves minero-metalúrgicos de la Amazonia oriental. En el contexto de la nueva división internacional del trabajo, se analizan las estrategias sindicales y las condiciones de subsistencia de la mano de obra y sus familias. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se ha confeccionado un mapa a dos niveles: la “actividad situada”, y la “subjetivización de la actividad”. La “actividad situada”, focaliza la perspectiva de los sindicatos y las asociaciones de trabajadores a partir de las estrategias de acción. La “subjetivización de la actividad” se refiere a las interpretaciones subjetivas y las estrategias de renta adoptadas por la mano de obra empleada.

Condições e contradições da atividade artística: um estudo sobre os profissionais da música e seus representantes coletivos no Brasil e em Portugal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)