989 resultados para Lonicera japonica Thunb.


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics of marine red alga Grateloupia turutunt Yamada, green alga Ulva pertusa Kjellm and brown alga Laminaria japonica Aresch during natural sustained dehydration were monitored and investigated. The pulse amplified modulation (PAM) system was used to analyze the distinct fluorescence parameters during thallus dehydration. Results proved that the fluorescence kinetics of different seaweed all showed three patterns of transformation with sustained water loss. These were: 1) peak kinetic pattern (at the early stage of dehydration fluorescence enhanced and quenched subsequently, representing a normal physiological state). 2) plateau kinetic pattern (with sustained water loss fluorescence enhanced continuously but quenching became slower, finally reaching its maximum). 3) Platform kinetic pattern (fluorescence fell and the shape of kinetic curve was similar to plateau kinetic pattern). A critical water content (CWC) could be found and defined as the percentage of water content just prior to the fluorescence drop and to be a significant physiological index for evaluation of plant drought tolerance. Once thallus water content became lower than this value the normal peak pattern can not be recovered even through rehydration, indicating an irreversible damage to the thylakoid membrane. The CWC value corresponding to different marine species were varied and negatively correlated with their desiccation tolerance, for example. Laminaria japonica had the highest CWC value (around 90%) and the lowest dehydration tolerance of the three. In addition, a fluorescence "burst" was found only in red algae during rehydration. The different fluorescence parameters F-o, F-v and F-v, F-m were measured and compared during water loss. Both F-o and F-v increased in the first stage of dehydration but F-v/F-m. kept almost constant. So the immediate response of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence to dehydration was an enhancement. Later with sustained dehydration F-o increased continuously while F-v decreased and tended to become smaller and smaller. The major changes in fluorescence (including fluorescence drop during dehydration and the burst during rehydration) were all attributed to the change in F-o instead of F-v This significance of F-o indicates that it is necessary to do more research on F-o as well as on its relationship with the state of thylakoid membrane.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Scanning electron microscopy of the surfaces of the seaweeds Laminaria japonica, haploid Porphyra yezoensis, Ulva pertusa and the diploid conchocelis of P. yezoensis and P. haitanensis revealed Vibrio and Micrococcus to be abundant on the surfaces of U. pertusa and P. yezoensis. Vibrio, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium and other genera were isolated from the surfaces of L. japonica.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Ulva lactuca, Grateloupia turuturu and Palmaria palmata are Suitable species that fit the requirements of a seaweed-animal integrated aquaculture system in terms of their viable biomass, rapid growth and promising nutrient uptake rates. fit this investigation, the responses of the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield of the five algal species in tumble Culture were assessed at a temperature range of 10 similar to 30 degrees C. The results revealed that Ulva lactuca was the most resistant species to high temperature, withstanding 30 degrees C for 4 h without apparent decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield. While the arctic alga Palmaria palmata was the most vulnerable one, showing significant decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield at 25 degrees C for 2 h. The cold-water species Laminaria japonica, however, demonstrated strong ability to cope with higher temperature (24 similar to 26 degrees C) for shorter time (within 24 h) without significant decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield. Grateloupia turuturu showed a general decrease in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield with the rising temperature from 23 to 30 degrees C, similar to the temperate kelp Undaria pinnatifida. Changes of chlorophyll fluorescence yields of these algae were characterized differently indicating the existence of species-unique strategy to cope with high light. Measurements of the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield after short exposure to direct solar irradiance revealed how long these exposures could be without significant photoinhibition or with promising recovery in photosynthetic activities. Seasonal pattern of alternation of algal species in tank culture in the Northern Hemisphere at the latitude of 36 degrees N was proposed according to these basic measurements.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Lectins are a family of carbohydrate-recognition proteins which play crucial roles in innate immunity. In this study, a new lectin (CfLec-2) gene was cloned from Chlamys farreri by EST and RACE approaches. The full-length cDNA of CfLec-2 was composed of 708 bp, encoding a typical Long form carbohydrate-recognition domain of 130 residues. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity to Brevican in Homo sapiens, C-type lectin-1 and lectin-2 in Anguilla japonica. The cDNA fragment encoding the mature peptide of CfLec-2 was recombined into plasmid pET-32a (+) and expressed in Escherichia coli Rosseta-Gami (DE3). The recombinant CfLec-2 (rCfLec-2) protein exhibited aggregative activity toward Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and the agglutination could be inhibited by D-mannose but not EDTA or D-galactose, indicating that CfLec-2 was a Ca2+ independent lectin. Moreover, rCfLec-2 could suppress the growth of E. coli TOP10F'. These results suggested that CfLec-2 was perhaps involved in the recognition and clearance of bacterial. pathogens in scallop. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Grateloupia turuturu, previously known as Grateloupia doryphora, has been widely reported to be an invasive algal species. There are no studies to relate the impact of its existence on its surrounding environment. In this paper, we present our results to show that about 70% of individuals collected from the field could turn Vibrio parahaemolyticus into non-culturable state on both selective (TCBS) and non-selective (2216E) culture medium in 24 h in the presence of light in live algal culture. Total bacteria counts on TCBS and 2216E plates dropped from the initial 565 (174) and 1192 (60) cfu ml(-1) respectively to zero in 24 h. This effect disappeared when the alga was grown in darkness. The same effect was not found in two other intertidal macroalgae Laminaria japonica and Palmaria palmata. Further tests showed that the settlement ability of bacteria in seawater was impaired significantly in the presence of this alga in comparison with three other algal species. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Molecular markers were used to identify and assess cultivars of Laminaria Lamx. and to delineate their phylogenetic relationships. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used for detection. After screening, 11 primers were selected and they yielded 133 bands in all, of which approximately 99.2% were polymorphic. The genetic distances between gametophytes ranged from 0.412 to 0.956. Two clusters were formed with the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on the simple matching coefficient. All cultivars of Laminaria japonica Aresch. used for breeding in China fell into one cluster. L. japonica from Japan, L. saccharina (L.) Lam., and L. angustata Kjellm. formed the other cluster and showed higher genetic variation than L. japonica from China. Nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences, including internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) were studied and aligned. The nucleotides of the sequences ranged from 634 to 668, with a total of 692 positions including TTS1, ITS2, and the 5.8S coding region. The phylogenetic tree obtained by the neighbor-joining method favored, to some extent, the results revealed by RAPD analysis. The present study indicates that RAPD and ITS analyses could be used to identify and assess Laminaria germplasm and to distinguish some species and, even intraspecies, in Laminaria.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

栉孔扇贝是我国北方一种重要的贝类养殖品种。自1997年以来爆发的栉孔扇贝大规模死亡,给地区经济造成了重大损失并且已经严重威胁着扇贝养殖业的健康发展。然而,到目前为止,对扇贝免疫防御分子机理的了解还很少,深入研究扇贝免疫应答的分子机制是认识和了解病害发生和实现病害控制的重要途径。本研究采用了EST大规模测序和3’RACE的方法,从栉孔扇贝cDNA文库中克隆到一个凝集素基因CfLec-2,并对功能进行了研究。 CfLec-2 cDNA全长708bp,5’非翻译区(Untranslated Region, UTR)含有59bp,3’非翻译区含有163bp,具有典型的多聚腺苷酸加尾信号序列AATAAA和多聚腺苷酸尾巴,开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame, ORF )含有486bp,编码162个氨基酸残基,该多肽的理论分子量为16.8 kDa,等电点为4.54。利用SignalP分析,发现其信号肽的剪切位置在VEA-QSL之间。经BLASTP比对分析可知,CfLec-2基因编码的蛋白与人的Brevican,Anguilla japonica的C-type lectin-1和C-type lectin-2, Rattus norvegicus的CD23有较高的相似性,其中与Brevican的一致性有37%。Clustal W多序列比对发现该多肽具有标准长型C型凝集素所必须的6个保守半胱氨酸和相对保守的糖识别位点。用SMART(Small Modular Architecture Research Tool)软件分析发现其具有一个保守的糖识别结构域(Carbohydrate-recognition Domain, CRD),氨基酸序列上第49、125、141、149位置上的半胱氨酸参与形成糖识别结构域,而位于N末端的第21和32位上的两个半胱胺酸形成额外的一个二硫键,位于115、116和117上的Glu、Pro、Asp则构成了糖识别位点。 将编码CfLec-2成熟肽段的cDNA序列克隆进pET32a(+)载体中,并在大肠杆菌Rosetta-gami(DE3)中重组表达CfLec-2。重组蛋白利用其具有的His tag纯化并复性后发现CfLec-2可以凝集溶血葡萄球菌,且凝集过程不需要钙离子的参与。并且,CfLec-2对大肠杆菌TOP10F’有微弱的抑菌活性,对溶壁微球菌、溶血葡萄球菌和鳗弧菌则没有抑菌活性。这一结果说明,CfLec-2可能不仅参与对入侵微生物的识别过程,而且可能作为效应分子起到了直接杀灭入侵微生物的作用。 本研究发现CfLec-2具有和以前在栉孔扇贝报道的CFLec-1完全不同的功 能,说明栉孔扇贝利用不同的凝集素来识别不同的病原,同时也暗示栉孔扇贝中可能有更多不同功能的凝集素有待发现。研究结果丰富和发展了海水无脊椎动物免疫学的内容,对进一步了解扇贝固有免疫的机制,实现养殖扇贝疾病防治具有重要参考价值。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

应用稳定碳、氮同位素比值法和脂肪酸标志分析法,较为系统地研究了贝藻混养系统中滤食性贝类的食物来源,评估了大型藻类对混养系统及滤食性贝类的物质贡献。主要研究结果如下: 1.综述了典型生态系统中大型藻类和滤食性贝类各自的生态学地位和作用,大型藻类与滤食性贝类不仅在水体营养盐方面存在互利关系,二者在物质循环与收支方面同样具有耦合性,大型藻类提供的颗粒态有机质可以为滤食性贝类提供饵料来源。 2.总结了稳定同位素比值法和脂肪酸标志法在海洋生态系统食物来源及食物网分析中的应用,并建立了两种方法的具体操作规程。 3.分析了栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri和海带Laminaria japonica混养系统中海带碎屑形成及释放不同阶段的生态学特征,评估了碎屑对扇贝的饵料贡献。海带在6周内释放了自身约27%的碳;碎屑形成及释放过程中C:N比值显著下降,同时伴随着旺盛的细菌降解,碎屑中也发现有大量硅藻类和原生动物存在。稳定同位素分析证实海带碎屑是混养期间扇贝的主要食物来源。 4.查明了春季胶州湾潮间带自然分布的长牡蛎Crassostrea gigas、紫贻贝Mytilus galloprovincialis和湾内浅海筏式养殖栉孔扇贝的可能食物来源。湾内栉孔扇贝饵料组成中浮游硅藻类为最主要部分,同时混杂有陆源有机质和细菌类物质;潮间带自然生长的牡蛎和贻贝饵料组成中,浮游植物占86.2-89.0%,种类组成中除硅藻外还包括一定比例的金藻和甲藻类;潮间带繁盛的孔石莼Ulva pertusa藻床为两种贝类提供了8.7-11.0%的补充食物来源。 5.揭示了桑沟湾贝藻混养海区春、夏季栉孔扇贝饵料来源组成情况及其季节变化,评估了海带养殖区碎屑碳量季节变化及海带来源碳对扇贝组织碳的贡献。结果表明,湾内贝藻混养区碎屑碳量为75.52-265.19 μg l-1,其在水体总颗粒态有机碳中的比例为25.6-73.8%。海带来源碎屑碳对栉孔扇贝组织碳的贡献比例为14.1-42.8%,且与水体碎屑碳比例的季节变化存在极显著相关性(F=0.992, P=0.004)。5月份湾外海带养殖区水体碎屑碳量为110.12-144.71 μg l-1,显著高于湾内无海带区(75.52 μg l-1),湾外养殖的扇贝组织中海带来源碳比例为22.0-24.1%,显著高于湾内单养区扇贝(9.6%)。估算结果表明,桑沟湾每年收获的6967吨(总湿重)栉孔扇贝中,海带提供了约57.1吨碳,换算为海带干物质为219.6吨。脂肪酸标志分析结果表明,2月份至8月份硅藻类在扇贝饵料组成中比例逐渐下降,而细菌类比例逐渐升高。整个采样期间,EPA/DHA比例较低,说明扇贝饵料组成中可能包括高DHA含量的组分。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

羟基是褐藻多酚结构特征,以往只以间苯三酚为标准物对褐 藻多酚中总羟基用FD法进行测量,核磁共振研究表明褐藻多酚中除间三羟基外还含有连三羟基(Ragan, et al, 1986),连三羟基的测量与它所占总羟基工比例是探讨褐藻多酚构效关系的基础,此类研究未有报道;关于褐藻多酚的抗氧化性,只有增重法和过氧化值法对其进行研究的报道,而关于抗氧化机理未有报道。采用FAS法、FD法对鼠尾藻(Sargassum. thunbergii)、海黍子(Sargassum. kjellmanianum)、裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)、海带(Laminaria japonica)中褐藻多酚连三羟基与总羟基含蓄量的比例进行了研究,结果依次为24.4%、25.6%、1.7%和2.6%;采用DPPH体系、羟基自由基体系、烷基自由基引发的亚油酸氧化体系、超氧阴离子自由基体系对海黍子高分子量褐藻多酚抗击氧化性质进行了研究,发现其清除DPPH活性、清除羟基自由基活性、抑制烷基自由基引发的亚油酸氧化的活性分别为77%、27%和21%,但它不具有清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力。褐藻多酚具有供氢能力且其连三羟基的供氢能力大于间三羟基,清除羟基自由基与其苯环提供的羟基自由基加成位点的数量有关。对褐藻多酚抑制A_3钢腐蚀进行了电化学研究,发现褐藻多酚可使海水中A_3钢腐蚀电位转正并与工作电极附近的溶解氧反应减缓腐蚀。本研究表明褐藻多酚的抗击氧化性与其羟基结构的苯环提供的羟基自由基加成位点的数量有直接关系。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

海带根是一种治疗糖尿病的民间中药,在沿海地区有很长的民间用药历史。食用海带根能够有效降低糖尿病患者的血糖,起到治疗作用。本文目的在于发现海带根中抗糖尿病的天然活性物质并分析它们在糖尿病治疗中的靶点;进一步开发一种低价且无毒副作用的化学类新药或中药新药。 α-glucosidase和 PTP-1B是II型糖尿病的两个重要靶点,海带根提取物能同时作用于这两个靶点。通过抑制这两种酶,降低血糖水平,85%乙醇粗提物对两种酶的IC50分别为1589ug/ml、IC50 1271ug/ml。乙酸乙酯相和石油醚相分别抑制α-glucosidase和 PTP-1B,IC50分别为380ug/ml和220ug/ml。因此以α-glucosidase和 PTP-1B的抑制活性为导向,用天然产物化学的方法对活性成分进行追踪分离,寻找单体活性物质进而鉴定其结构。由于乙酸乙酯相具有α-glucosidase抑制活性,用硅胶柱层析(石油醚:丙酮5:1、1:1),(二氯甲烷:甲醇60:1、20:1、5:1),凝胶柱层析Sephadex LH20(二氯甲烷:甲醇1:1),HPLC (80% 甲醇-水),对α-glucosidase抑制剂进行分离,得到组分IC50 为3.6ug/ml。用质谱仪和核磁共振确定结构。 生物活性测定结果表明α-glucosidase和 PTP-1B是两种不同的物质,分别位于乙酸乙酯相和石油醚相。光照实验和高温实验表明抑制α-glucosidase的活性成分对光照和温度敏感。光照48h或者50℃ 12h而且对α-glucosidase的抑制活性显著降低,TLC检测并用FeCl3显色初步表明抑制α-glucosidase的活性成分可能是多数酚类物质。动物实验显示在1450ug/kg剂量下,乙酸乙酯相能够显著降低糖尿病小鼠血糖,与阴性对照组差异极显著(P<0.01)。表明,海带根提取物在体内和体外均呈现出抗糖尿病活性,是一种潜在的抗糖尿病药物。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

海带具有很高的营养价值和经济社会价值。自20世纪90年代以来,本实验室在借鉴高等植物基因工程原理和方法的基础上,根据海带自身特点,建立了海带遗传转化体系(海带孢子体表达系统),它的基本原理是利用基因枪法转化海带配子体,经孤雌或受精途径再生幼孢子体后,用氯霉素筛选幼孢子体获得转基因海带,然后进行海上安全栽培和转基因产品的检测与提取。目前该表达系统已成功实现报告基因(β-半乳糖苷酶基因,lacZ)和功能基因(乙肝表面抗原基因,HBsAg)的稳定表达。 由于海带孢子体表达系统需经孢子体再生和海上栽培等阶段,周期较长,而且转基因安全性问题也在一定程度上制约其研究与应用。因此,我们在海带孢子体表达系统的基础上又建立和优化了海带配子体表达系统,并成功实现了报告基因(绿色荧光蛋白基因,GFP)的瞬间表达和功能基因(瑞替普酶基因,rt-PA)的稳定表达。虽然海带配子体表达系统能避免转基因安全性问题,周期较短,但在表达量和生物量积累方面,与孢子体表达系统相比还有较大差距。 本文首先在海带配子体表达系统中成功实现了人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因(hafgf)和鲎素基因(tac)的稳定表达,制备了转基因海带配子体,然后将光生物反应器培养技术应用于转基因海带配子体的高效增殖,以期解决阻碍海带配子体表达系统发展的量的问题,并为转基因海带配子体的大规模培养提供试验依据和技术支持。 本文的研究结果为: 1、人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因和鲎素基因可以稳定整合到海带配子体基因组中,实现转基因产物的表达。 2、根据转基因海带配子体的生长特点,研制开发了一套培养体积为300 ml的鼓泡式光生物反应器,它具有操作简便、成本低廉、适合海带配子体生长等特点。随后将培养体系扩大到2.5 L,并研究了光对转基因海带配子体生长的影响,试验结果显示,转基因海带配子体在光强为30 μE m-2 s-1时即可达到光饱和生长,最优光周期为14:10 LD,而且蓝光可促进转基因海带配子体的生长。 3、在前期研究工作的基础上,为改善反应器内的传质条件,我们又设计研制了2.5 L气升式光生物反应器用于转基因海带配子体的高效增殖。研究发现,气升式光生物反应器较鼓泡式光生物反应器能明显地改善反应器内的传质状态,实现转基因海带配子体更高密度的培养(生物量可达到1,990 mg L-1),是一套高密度悬浮培养转基因海带配子体的有效装置和设备。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

对四种大型海藻:江篱(Gracilaria textorii)、孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)、海带苗(Laminaria japonica)和多管藻(Polysiphonia urceolata)表面附着弧菌的多样性进行了分析,同时对多样性分析中采用的不同方法进行了比较。 利用TCBS培养基从四种海藻表面总共分离到12株细菌:G1、G2分离自江篱,U3分离自孔石莼,L4、L5、L6分离自海带苗,P7、P8、P9、P10、P11、P12分离自多管藻。菌株G1,G2属于盐单胞菌(Halomonas),其余10株细菌都属于弧菌(Vibrio)。 对12株细菌的酶学活性、抗生素抗性进行了研究。发现除G1、G2外,其余菌株都可产生淀粉酶和明胶酶。菌株G1、G2和U3对氨苄青霉素、链霉素和四环素有很强抗性。 采用多种分子生物学方法(16S rDNA、gyrB、RFLP、DGGE )分析了上述12株菌的系统发育关系,对不同方法获得的结果进行了比较。 12株菌的16S rDNA系统发生树可分为4个明显分支。G1、G2与细菌H. meridiana构成一个分支。U3与V. lentus构成一个分支。L4、L5、L6、P9、P10、P11、P12与V. tasmaniesis形成一个分支。P7、P8与V. splendidus形成一个分支。 以gyrB基因序列为基础构建的系统发生树将G1、G2以外的10株弧菌分成4个较大分支,L4、P9属于同一分支,L6、P8、P10、P11和P12属于一个大的分支, U3、L5各自构成一个分支。菌株G1、G2没有得到gyrB基因序列扩增带。表明试验设计的引物是弧菌特异性引物。相对16S rDNA,不同菌株间gyrB基因序列差异性更大。 RFLP分析结果显示,12株细菌HinfI酶切后得到6种带型,SmaI酶切后得到4种带型。结合16S rDNA、gyrB基因的分析结果可知,RFLP可以在种的水平上有效进行细菌多样性分析。 12株细菌的DGGE分析结果显示,G1、G2与其它菌株电泳图谱有明显不同。菌株U3独自构成一种带型,L5、L6构成一种带型。表明DGGE技术在属的水平上分析细菌多样性效果较好,在种的水平上分析细菌多样性有一定的局限性。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

紫菜是一类海洋藻类研究的模式系统,具有重要的经济价值和理论研究意义。本研究基于紫菜的世代交替生活史,对其壳孢子萌发过程进行了研究,并对丝状孢子体与叶状配子体的世代差异进行了分析,主要包括以下三部分: 1) 对紫菜丝状孢子体与叶状配子体的连接枢纽——壳孢子的发育过程及其光影响进行了研究与讨论,发现壳孢子只有在附着后才能形成细胞壁并发育,说明壳孢子的附着是触发了壳孢子细胞壁的形成以及后期发育的开关,亦即附着是触发紫菜世代交替过程中配子体转录组表达的开关;纤维素酶和果胶酶均能抑制壳孢子附着,但影响机制各不相同,推测果胶质主要介导壳孢子的初始附着,而纤维素则与永久附着相关;波长≥580 nm的高强度(200 μmol•m-2•s-1)可见光有利于壳孢子早期发育。 2) 结合现有藻类数据,对坛紫菜丝状孢子体阶段11000 EST数据进行了大规模的生物信息学分析,结果首次发现坛紫菜丝状孢子体中可能存在PCK型C4光合固碳途径,并筛选出44条在紫菜孢子体中表达上调的代表基因。 3) 结合坛紫菜、条斑紫菜、海带和红毛菜,对红藻和褐藻等大型海藻孢子体与配子体阶段代表基因Rubisco的表达与羧化酶活性差异进行了研究分析,结果表明Rubisco的表达量和初始羧化酶活在其配子体中均显著高于其孢子体世代,即与藻体不同世代的相对复杂度无关,而与染色体倍性相关,说明Rubisco的世代差异极有可能与染色体倍性相连锁,因而可能是海藻世代交替过程中的重要功能基因。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

以褐藻裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)、萱藻(Scytosiphon lomentarius)、海蒿子(Sargassum confusum)、叉开网地藻(Dictyopteris divaricata)、海带(Laminaria japonica)、囊藻(Colpomenia sinuosa)、鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)、水云(Ectocarpus confervoides)为材料,对其色素-蛋白质复合物的分离技术及其特性进行了系统研究。通过对裙带菜色素-蛋白质复合物分离技术及其影响因素的研究,确立了褐藻的PAGE分离方法。采用Tris-Gly电泳分离系统,以非离子去污剂DMG或DIG为增溶剂(DMG: Chl=20: 1, DIG: Chl=50: 1, 4 ℃增溶1 h),10%的分离胶浓度,丙烯酰胺与甲叉双丙烯酰胺的比例为30: 0.8,从裙带菜中成功地分离出8条含色素的蛋白质复合物带。采用Anderson命名系统,以高等植物菠菜为参照,将其命名为CPIa, CPI, CPa, LHC_1, LHC_2, LHC_3, LHC_4和LHC_5。游离色素较少。通过对三种褐藻的色素-蛋白质复合物的表观分子量测定、光谱学研究以及对裙带菜色素-蛋白质复合物的多肽组成分析,揭示了褐藻各种色素-蛋白质复合物的特征。CPIa是褐藻分子量较大的PSI复合物,为墨角藻黄素-叶绿素 a/c-蛋白质复合物。CPI是褐藻的PSI核心复合物,为P700-叶绿素 a-蛋白质复合物。CPa是褐藻的PSII复合物,为墨角藻黄素-叶绿素 a/c-蛋白质复合物。其余5条为捕光色素-蛋白质复合物,LHC_1和LHC_3是墨角藻黄素-叶绿素 a/c-蛋白质复合物,LHC_2, LHC_4和LHC_5是叶绿素 a/c-蛋白质复合物。根据裙带菜色素-蛋白质复合物的多肽分析结果并与高等植物比较,提出褐藻PSI和PSII的结构模型。褐藻PSI和PSII的反应中心多肽与高等植物相同,捕光复合物明显区别。褐藻LHCI和LHCII的多肽组成相同,都是由单一的20 kDa多肽组成。褐藻叶状体、叶绿体、类囊体膜和PSI复合物的77 K 荧光发射光谱具有特异性,缺少高等植物PSI特征的730 nm 荧光峰。叶状体的77 K 荧光发射光谱按荧光主峰的波长分为两种类型,一种类型的荧光主峰在690 nm,另一种类型的在705-720 nm。三种褐藻PSI复合物的77 K 荧光发射光谱相同,有两个分别们于680 nm和715 nm 的发射峰。褐藻的77 K 荧光特异是由PSI的结构决定的。根据褐藻PSI复合物的荧光特性以及去污剂增溶动力学分析结果,推动F715来自褐藻核心色素-蛋白质复合物,F680来源于PSI复合物中的捕光复合物。褐藻PSI复合物中缺少高等植物发射730 nm 荧光的LHCIb复合物的能量传递模型。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本研究中运用四种不用的方法提取海带孢子体RNA,通过对比分析,确定了采用CTAB提取液[2% (w/v) CTAB,100 mM Tris-HC1 (pH 8.0), 50 mM EDTA, pH 7.5, 2 M NaCl, 50 mM DTT]提取RNA的方法,该方法的主要改进之处: (1) 高浓度(50 mM)的 DTT作为防止多酚氧化的还原剂加入提取液中;(2) 1/4 体积的乙醇和 1/9 体积的3 M 醋酸钾(pH 4.8)用来沉淀去除多糖;(3) 1/10倍体积的3 mol/L醋酸钠(pH 5.0)和两倍体积的乙醇选择性沉淀RNA;(4) -80℃沉淀30 min沉淀RNA。CTAB改进法提取的海带孢子体RNA质量好(A260/280 =1.96±0.05),产量高(68 μg/g),分离的RNA可用于RT-PCR反应,扩增相关基因片段。该方法提取海带配子体RNA效果也很好。 根据拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、 莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) 、铁线蕨(Adiantum capillus-veneris)、转板藻(Mougeotia scalaris)和无隔藻(Vaucheria frigida)等的蓝光受体蛋白保守序列,设计一系列简并引物,进行RT-PCR扩增,筛选并克隆测序了4条序列片段,通过比对分析,所得序列与已知的蓝光受体基因序列不一致。在所获得的序列中,一条783 bp的序列与肌醇-1-磷酸合成酶基因的片段有较高的相似性,通过RACE法克隆出该基因的3’末端,5’末端克隆没有成功,全长序列有待深入分析。