700 resultados para Fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty
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El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo indagar sobre la relación entre lo político como efecto de una historia conflictiva y lo estético a partir de la categoría de "juicio reflexivo" como juicio político proveniente del pensamiento arendtiano. Esta relación supone tres cuestiones a investigar. En primer lugar la idea de que lo político se encuentra contaminado por el discurso de la historia. En segundo lugar, que esta contaminación instituye una conceptualización estética de la política que Arendt trabaja a partir de los juicios reflexivos kantianos. Y en tercer lugar, que esa conceptualización estética de la vida política conduce al conflicto coyuntural entre la tradición y el presente. De esta forma, lo "instituido" (Stiftung) crea o funda espacios propios de visibilidad que habilita conectar al sujeto con el mundo de la vita activa. De este modo y en este espacio, se concreta la posibilidad de entender por qué para Arendt es tan relevante pensar la conflictividad de la política como un estudio análogo a su planteo estético de la misma. Para comprender con más claridad esta relación es necesario remitirse a los clásicos estudios fenomenológicos (Husserl y Merleau-Ponty) como así, a escritos de Arendt 1 que justifican esta conflictividad propia del espacio político
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En este trabajo nos proponemos indagar de qué manera y en qué medida es el lenguaje del cuerpo una fuente creativa de algunos fragmentos y episodios de la obra En busca del tiempo perdido de Marcel Proust, acotado al tomo Del lado de Swann. Para abordar el tema del lenguaje corporal recurriremos a Liza Gabaston en su escrito Le langage du corps dans A la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust. Nos interesa rescatar de tal autora la interpretación de que los signos corporales en la obraproustiana ponen en juego todo un sistema hermenéutico y de desciframiento que jamás dará un resultado acabado. Es que el valor de tales signos pone en crisis la palabra y deja como resultado un "espacio vacío". Tal espacio nos permitirá comprender una parte de la movilidad y libertad que conforman la riqueza de la novela. Luego, para poder vislumbrar cómo el lenguaje del cuerpo cumple un rol fundamental en la creación de las escenas analizadas, nos apoyaremos en algunos conceptos desarrollados por Maurice Merleau-Ponty en Lo visible y lo invisible. Uno de ellos es el de Gestalt, el cual nos permitirá nombrar aquello que se genera mediante el lenguaje corporal en la obra en cuestión
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Tabla de contenidos: La filosofía medieval y el tránsito hacia la modernidad / Mariel Giacomone. La subjetividad cartesiana / Mónica Menacho. La noción de "identidad personal" en el Tratado de la Naturaleza Humana de David Hume / María Luján Ferrari. La teoría del conocimiento en Kant / María Luján Ferrari, Silvia Solas. G. W. F. Hegel. El idealismo absoluto / Andrés Hebrard. Marx, fuera de sus límites / Maximiliano Garbarino. Una aproximación a la filosofía de Nietzsche / Cristóbal Dell'Unti. Husserl y la fenomenología / Alejandra Bertucci. Subjetividad, corporalidad y percepción en la filosofía de Merleau-Ponty / Silvia Solas. Existencialismo, subjetividad y humanismo / Andrea Vidal. La subjetividad como normalidad, el poder como productor y las prácticas sociales de control / Andrea Vidal. Análisis y reconstrucción de argumentos / Carlos Oller. Herramientas para la evaluación de argumentos / Federico López. Argumentos filosóficos / Carlos Oller. El ensayo argumentativo / Carlos Oller.
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El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo indagar sobre la relación entre lo político como efecto de una historia conflictiva y lo estético a partir de la categoría de "juicio reflexivo" como juicio político proveniente del pensamiento arendtiano. Esta relación supone tres cuestiones a investigar. En primer lugar la idea de que lo político se encuentra contaminado por el discurso de la historia. En segundo lugar, que esta contaminación instituye una conceptualización estética de la política que Arendt trabaja a partir de los juicios reflexivos kantianos. Y en tercer lugar, que esa conceptualización estética de la vida política conduce al conflicto coyuntural entre la tradición y el presente. De esta forma, lo "instituido" (Stiftung) crea o funda espacios propios de visibilidad que habilita conectar al sujeto con el mundo de la vita activa. De este modo y en este espacio, se concreta la posibilidad de entender por qué para Arendt es tan relevante pensar la conflictividad de la política como un estudio análogo a su planteo estético de la misma. Para comprender con más claridad esta relación es necesario remitirse a los clásicos estudios fenomenológicos (Husserl y Merleau-Ponty) como así, a escritos de Arendt 1 que justifican esta conflictividad propia del espacio político
Resumo:
En este trabajo nos proponemos indagar de qué manera y en qué medida es el lenguaje del cuerpo una fuente creativa de algunos fragmentos y episodios de la obra En busca del tiempo perdido de Marcel Proust, acotado al tomo Del lado de Swann. Para abordar el tema del lenguaje corporal recurriremos a Liza Gabaston en su escrito Le langage du corps dans A la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust. Nos interesa rescatar de tal autora la interpretación de que los signos corporales en la obraproustiana ponen en juego todo un sistema hermenéutico y de desciframiento que jamás dará un resultado acabado. Es que el valor de tales signos pone en crisis la palabra y deja como resultado un "espacio vacío". Tal espacio nos permitirá comprender una parte de la movilidad y libertad que conforman la riqueza de la novela. Luego, para poder vislumbrar cómo el lenguaje del cuerpo cumple un rol fundamental en la creación de las escenas analizadas, nos apoyaremos en algunos conceptos desarrollados por Maurice Merleau-Ponty en Lo visible y lo invisible. Uno de ellos es el de Gestalt, el cual nos permitirá nombrar aquello que se genera mediante el lenguaje corporal en la obra en cuestión
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Documentar los momentos principales del proyecto de la Biblioteca Estatal de Berlín. Hans Scharoun y Edgar Wisniewski. Tres hipótesis y su verificación. Fenomenología; Husserl, Heidegger, Ortega y Gasset y Merleau-Ponty. Kulturforum, desarrollo histórico; Baumgarten, Fahrenkamp, Gutbrod, Scharoun, Wisniewski, Hilmer&Sattler, Stimmann, Düttmann. Textos centrales de Scharoun , 1957; textos centrales de Adolf Arndt. Documentar proyectos colaterales; concurso Amerikagedenk Bibliothek, Philharmonie, Wolfsburg. Propuestas de Werner Düttmann. Encuentro con Wisniewski; croquis iniciales… Concurso Staatsbibliothek; Scharoun, Gutbrod, Bornemann, Spengelin, Ruegenberg, Kramer, Pfau, Seitz, Krahn, Deilmann. Acta del jurado. Plantas publicadas del proyecto 1964, 1967, 1979. Textos centrales de Ulrich Conrads y Edgar Wisniewski, 1978 y 1979. Scharoun-Feininger, una teoría de Matthias Schirren. Fotografías momento de la inauguración, 1978 y en la actualidad. Bibliografía actualizada a 2015. ABSTRACT To document key moments of the project of the State Library in Berlin. Hans Scharoun and Edgar Wisniewski. Three hypotheses and its verification. Phenomenology; Husserl, Heidegger, Ortega y Gasset and Merleau-Ponty. Kulturforum, historical development; Baumgarten, Fahrenkamp, Gutbrod, Scharoun, Wisniewski, Hilmer & Sattler, Stimmann, Düttmann. Main texts of Scharoun, 1957; central texts of Adolf Arndt. To document side projects; contest Amerikagedenk Bibliothek, Philharmonie, Wolfsburg. Werner Düttmann proposals. Meeting with Wisniewski; initial sketches ... Staatsbibliothek competition; Scharoun, Gutbrod, Bornemann, Spengelin, Ruegenberg, Kramer, Pfau, Seitz, Krahn, Deilmann. Brief of the competition‘s jury. Drawing’s Project published 1964, 1967, 1979. Ulrich Conrads and Edgar Wisniewski central texts, 1978 and 1979. Scharoun-Feininger, a theory of Matthias Schirren. Photography time of the inauguration, 1978 and today. 2015 updated bibliography.
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A collection of poems with critical preface. The author expresses concern for responsibilities and obligations resulting from utterance and offers a means of reading poetry in light of such concerns. Lyric theory and the legacy of Language poetry with regards to the lyric are loci in a discussion of contemporary poetics. It analyzes the work of poets Tomaz Salamun and Lyn Hejinian, in relation to theorists Theodor Adorno and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, to articulate a poetics specific to the poems in the collection. The poetics is described via the literary and anthropological uses of metaphor, which are employed to unify text, writer, and reader. The phenomenology of ritual and ritual theory address these contingents to conclude the preface. The collection of poems is divided into three sections, each a distinct, interrelated collection of poetic modes.
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Constructive body theology provides an ethical commitment to and a set of analytical principles for understanding bodily experience. If we insist upon the theological value of embodied experience, how can we give an adequate account of it? Are feminist appeals to the senses useful in developing theological truth claims based in embodied experiences? Feminist theologies which explicitly seek to overcome body/mind dualisms often reinscribe them when they neglect to attend to perception as a critical element of bodily experience. Phenomenological analyses of perception (such as suggested by Merleau-Ponty) strengthen and refine our conception of embodiment. Grounding constructive theology in experience requires understanding experience as bodily perceptual orientation, as perceptual bodily and cultural acts involved in socially and historically situated contextual meaning-making processes. This shift expands phenomenological concepts such as intentionality and habit, and allows for a comparative investigation of historical and cultural differences in embodied experiences through examples found in sensory anthropology. Body theology, framed as principles, strengthens theological projects (such as those by Carter Heyward and Marcella Althaus-Reid, as well as new constructive possibilities) through opening dialogical avenues of exploration into embodied being in the world. Body theology principles help us conceive of and address how our bodily experiencing--our feeling, tasting, hearing, imaging, remembering and other sensory knowledge --comes to matter in our lives, especially where oppressive forces viscerally affect embodied life.
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En los estudios de la Diplomatura de Enfermería existe una división, tanto a nivel secuencial-cronológico (transmisión gradual y lógica de los contenidos), como en la dimensión espacio-ambiental (aula, sala simulación y servicio sanitario: comunitario u hospitalario). Estas divisiones tienen consecuencias en la estructura curricular de la disciplina: módulo teórico, módulo práctico y módulo práctico-clínico, confiriéndole a estos estudios una peculiaridad asentada en las diferencias en los tipos de escenarios, ambientes, instituciones, normas, y personas que se manifiestan en los contrastes percibidos (Merleau Ponty, 1988) por los alumnos en su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje según se dé éste en un módulo u otro. La enorme variabilidad de la práctica se ve también afectada por las características del escenario en el que tienen lugar las prácticas clínicas: centros de atención primaria y/o instituciones hospitalarias, en los que el alumno debe iniciar sus prácticas de enfermería con el que va a constituir su objeto-sujeto de trabajo durante toda su vida profesional: el ser humano (individuo, familia y comunidad) atendiendo a sus necesidades fisiológicas, psicológicas y sociales desde una perspectiva holística. Los contrastes entre el aula y el servicio sanitario suponen a veces contradicciones que desenfocan la visión lógica con la que el alumno pretende interpretar su realidad formativa en esta compleja fase de sus estudios, y esta visión borrosa puede derivar en situaciones de disminución o pérdida de significado que esta experiencia educativa debe tener en el alumno (Bruner, 1991).
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La noción de "habitus"-"historia hecha cuerpo" (Bourdieu)-converge hoy con la de un paradigma tecnocientífico "fáustico" (Sibilia), cuya aspiración sería la maleabilidad ilimitada de la Naturaleza. A este paradigma no son ajenos ciertos avances en la ciencia y la tecnología médicas. Bajo la "mirada clínica objetivante", el cuerpo tiende a verse como un "borrador a rectificar" (Le Breton). Esta mirada nos interpelaría con fuerza creciente desde la "pantalla total" (Baudrillard) de la "cultura de consumo" (Featherstone). No comprenderemos profundamente el auge y la normalización de las cirugías estéticas, sin atender al encuentro entre el dispositivo médico y el mediático, de cuya interrelación dialéctica se constituiría un imaginario con efectos de "violencia simbólica"-literalmente-encarnizados. Considerando sus precios, las cirugías estéticas se nos sugieren como un consumo "distintivo", pero también, dado el riesgo y el dolor que implican, como un "trabajo corporal" (Wäcquant)-una acumulación de "capital físico" (Shilling) cuyas estrategias de reconversión aún están por ser estudiadas. Y esto resulta relevante en un estadio del capitalismo caracterizado por la "instrumentalización de aquello que nos hace humanos" (Boltanski): las emociones-la "bisagra" (Elias) entre lo social y lo biológico, donde se concreta la corporeidad en cuanto modo de "ser-en-el mundo" (Merleau-Ponty)
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This thesis examines the phenomenological projection of space in two Cuban novels: La ninfa inconstante (2008) by Guillermo Cabrera Infante (1929–2005), and Todos se van (2006) by Wendy Guerra (1970–). Both novels are paradigmatic of two generations of Cuban writers who portray the city of Havana as a backdrop against which to project socio-political and biographical narratives. To problematize ethical and political omissions in the novels, this work incorporates disciplines such as philosophy, urbanism, architecture, sociology and literary theory. Through the concepts of prominent phenomenologists, such as Gaston Bachelard, Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, amongst others, this study evaluates how space becomes a construction to ambivalent dynamics of truth telling within contrasting, suffocating sociopolitical contexts. In addition, it explores how these phenomenological spaces are defined in relation to power. For instance, the Cuban Revolution, and its aftermath of more than 52 years, brings forth a sense of displacement and placelessness. The novels present and develop both authors’ spatial consciousness (that we call “ontological space”), which is not necessarily a container of three-dimensional objects, but instead, fictional emergent constructions. This thesis concludes that literature can become a meaningful space to cope with unbearable realities.
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The knowledge is only possible due to we exist bodily. However, during the educational experience, the epistemic potency of the body is neglected, declining the registers of the intelligibility. The current thesis approaches that problem obliquely: from a body and image philosophy which has revealed other ways of doing those registers in the modernity – understood not as period itself, but as a qualification for the negotiations between the real and the intelligible. The referred ways are explored through Merleau- Ponty’s and Michel Foucault’s works, which offer a spectrum about that new negotiation of the real. In order to approach the studied problem, the visibility and the human body motricity in the cinema are taken as analysis object. The mentioned objects have been analyzed through a corpus of movies of which plots are centered at the formal education and they require from the characters and the spectators engagement into a visual performance. Aiming to approach the object, it is questioned how the Education phenomenon is represented by the cinema; how the body is exposed and how spectators can see it. Analyzing the corpus and articulating Merleau- Ponty’s and Michel Foucault’s theories, it has been possible to state the following thesis: the cinema as an education of the gaze. The general objective of this study is to reveal the educational potency of the filmic experience, which provides a new path of intelligibility for Education. In that sense, the body as a visual operator widens the capacity of understanding the real. The current work is divided in three chapters. The first one brings the methodological approach: it is pointed how the theoretical articulation is properly arranged; it explains the method of using the images as indirect language as part of the reality description; the filmic corpus is presented, as well the criteria for the films choices and for the construction of instrument adopted during the object analysis are described. In the second chapter, it is problematized the incapacity of the western society of formulating the real discursively by debating Merleau-Ponty’s and Foucault’s theoretical contributions about the visual performance displayed on the images while the films are watched and analyzed. In the third chapter, the implications of the education of the gaze provided by the cinema are developed, mainly concerning about the place attributed to the visibility during the formulation of the real. Finally, paths are designed for the construction of another approach for the visibility in Education. Assuming the gaze as an experience of knowledge, this study aims to present other ways of being, seeing, thinking and feeling the world. Therefore, it is a proposal to reset the epistemic and subjectification patterns at the educational context.
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This study had the goal of make a dialogue between queer theory and the thoughts of the French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty in the categories of body and sexuality. From this dialogue, other goals were designed, namely: identify possible recurrences of the experience of bodies and queer sexualities, designed under Merleau-Ponty’s perspective, to the knowledge of Physical Education and reflect on this domain of knowledge using the notions of queer epistemology and esthesia. The study had as methodology the phenomenological attitude proposed by Merleau-Ponty and use the reduction as technic of research. Trying linking these thoughts we used the cinema of the Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar as perceptive strategy, an exercise of look as possibility of reading the world and new ways of perceiving the human being. We appreciate three films, namely: All About My Mother (1999), The Skin I Live In (2011) and Bad Education (2004), which put us in touch with bodies and queer sexualities, with the body of esthesia, of the ecstasy, sensations and lived experiences, un type of art whose contours are not fixed or determinable, postulate by Merleau-Ponty. The philosopher, provide a rich conceptual view of the body and their sexual experience, extends and opens horizons of thought and reflection about queer experience, one experience indeterminate and contingent as a singular way of inhabiting the world. Those horizons opened by the philosopher and added to the queer perspective contribute to put in question the modes of knowledge production and the knowledge about body and sexuality in Physical Education. Finally, we point that this theoretical conversation give us clues to reflect about the reverberations of a queer epistemology for Physical Education usiging one type of knowledge guided by esthesia and sensitivity as marks of another scientific rationality.
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This dissertation attempts to retrieve the integration of prayer and theology in the life of the church. Prayer is a spiritual and bodily theological activity that forms Christian identity and virtuous character. The bodily dimension of Christian prayer plays an essential role in theological understanding and moral formation. However, the embodiment of prayer has been mostly neglected in modern academic theology. This study highlights the significance of the body at prayer in theological studies and spiritual formation.
Chapter 1 presents Karl Barth’s theology of prayer as a model of the integration of prayer, theology, and Christian life (lex orandi, lex credendi, lex agendi). However, Barth’s attempt to overcome the dichotomy between theory and practice in theology did not pay much attention to embodiment of prayer. Through ritual studies and phenomenology (Marcel Mauss, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Pierre Bourdieu), chapter 2 shows why the bodily dimension of the practice of prayer should be recovered in theology and ministry; then it explains how Christians in the early and medieval church actually prayed with the body, how their bodily actions were understood in their theological paradigms, and how their actions contributed to the formation of Christian character. Chapter 3 narrows the focus to the formation of the heart in the making of Christian character. The practice of prayer has been emphasized not only as an expression of the inner heart of pray-ers but also as a channel of grace that shapes their affections as enduring dispositions of the heart. Furthermore, historically the bodily practice of prayer gave theological authority to the devout Christians who were marginalized in academic theology or ecclesiastical hierarchy, and Chapter 4 presents the lex orandi of praying women who gained their theological knowledge, wisdom, and authority through their exemplary practices of prayer (Catherine of Siena, Mechthild of Magdeburg, Julian of Norwich, Margery Kempe, and Teresa of Avila). These historical examples reveal how Christian communities appreciated and celebrated the theological voices from the margins, which developed from theological embodiments in prayer.
This dissertation concludes that academic theology needs to heed these diverse theological voices, which are nurtured through everyday practice, as an integral part of theological studies. Therefore, it calls for a new paradigm for understanding the relationship between theory and practice in theological education. The integration between theory and bodily practice is necessary for both academic theology and spiritual formation. A more holistic understanding of Christian practices will not only enhance the training of scholars and clergy but also give the laity their own theological voices that will enrich academic theology.
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The richness of dance comes from the need to work with an individual body. Still, the body of the dancer belongs to plural context, crossed by artistic and social traditions, which locate the artists in a given field. We claim that role conflict is an essential component of the structure of collective artistic creativity. We address the production of discourse in a British dance company, with data that spawns from the ethnography ‘Dance and Cognition’, directed by David Kirsh at the University of California, together with WayneMcGregor-Random Dance. Our Critical Discourse Analysis is based on multiple interviews to the dancers and choreographer. Our findings show how creativity in dance seems to be empirically observable, and thus embodied and distributed shaped by the dance habitus of the particular social context.