Twitter como fuente de contraste de puntos de interés turístico: Caso de uso la ciudad de Madrid.

Este trabajo trata de evaluar la capacidad de atracción turística de los Puntos de Interés oficiales (POIs) disponibles como datos geográficos abiertos y en las IDE locales mediante la información explícita e implícita de los Tweets geolocalizados. Los estudios sobre turismo tratan de obtener información del potencial turístico de una zona y la valoración de los turistas. Estos estudios tradicionalmente se basan en encuestas o entrevistas personales, realizadas desde entidades públicas o compañías privadas En el caso que nos ocupa existen estudios a nivel de Municipal, de la Comunidad autónoma y de entidades privadas relacionadas con el sector turístico de la cidudad de Madrid por estar considerado un sector estratégico para la economía regional. Las redes sociales, especialmente Twitter, ofrecen un alto potencial para la realización de trabajos de investigación y evaluación de áreas urbanas gracias a la información geográfica digital asociada. Se ha producido una evolución de la Información Geográfica Voluntaria (VGI) acuñada por Goodchild (2007) a la Información Geográfica de Medios Sociales (SMGI) acuñada por Floris y Campagna (2014). Esta nueva fuente de datos derivados, podria complementar la información de los datos públicos de turismo ofrecidos por nodos IDE u Open Data; por ejemplo: ayudaria a la validación de puntos de interés turístico o áreas de la ciudad, mejoraria la actualización de la información y a largo plazo, podria ayudar al desarrollo de estrategias y planes de turismo más eficientes.

The Transport Disruption Ontology

Postprint

Natureza peregrina: a fauna e a flora das índias ocidentais nas crônicas oficiais hispânicas (1570-1620)

Esta tese apresenta uma reflexão acerca dos conhecimentos sobre a fauna e a flora do Novo Mundo produzidos pelas instituições vinculadas à Coroa espanhola entre os anos de 1570 e 1620. Para tanto, optou-se pela análise das crônicas oficiais e dos documentos expedidos pelo Consejo de Indias que demandavam informações sobre o mundo natural americano. As configurações e as funções que assumiam os saberes sobre os animais e as plantas nas estruturas burocráticas e no espaço discursivo das crônicas oficiais são elementos analisados ao longo dos quatro capítulos que compõem a tese. No primeiro apartado, além de discussões teóricas e historiográficas sobre as relações entre império, conhecimento e ciência, foram examinadas algumas das cédulas e instruções enviadas pelo Consejo de Indias a diferentes partes do continente no período anterior a 1570. O segundo capítulo foi dedicado à análise da reforma empreendida por Juan de Ovando no Consejo de Indias, sobretudo, em relação às leis e demandas relativas à coleta de dados e construção de conhecimentos sobre o continente americano, também foram discutidos aspectos relacionados à criação do cargo de cosmógrafo o cronista maior das Índias. O terceiro capítulo está dedicado ao exame das obras do primeiro cosmógrafo e cronista maior das Índias, Juan López de Velasco. O último capítulo está centrado no estudo dos dois cronistas oficiais das Índias que atuaram durante o reinado de Felipe III: Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas e Pedro de Valencia. Com a análise desse conjunto documental, pretendemos evidenciar a configuração de uma cultura epistêmica no seio das instituições oficiais, a qual estava em diálogo com tradições letradas e científicas do período, bem como com os anseios de constituição de uma ideia de império para a Monarquia Hispânica.

La evaluación de los aprendizajes en los sMOOC. Estudio de caso en el Proyecto Europeo ECO

El siguiente artículo hace una reflexión crítica sobre los MOOC, prestando especial atención al análisis de los nuevos sistemas de evaluación; en concreto, el método peer to peer, y cómo esto afecta al rol de docentes y estudiantes. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo tomando como referencia dos sMOOC liderados por el Proyecto Europeo ECO (Elearning, Communication and Open-data: Massive Mobile, Ubiquitous and Open Learning). Los resultados que se presentan han sido analizados desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, utilizando como muestra a los miembros de la comunidad de aprendizaje que han participado en ambos cursos. A través de la utilización de un cuestionario se ha podido conocer cómo han valorado su experiencia formativa y su grado de satisfacción. La mitad de los sujetos encuestados ha considerado adecuado y justo el nuevo sistema evaluativo, sin embargo existe otra mitad que lo considera injusto y que tiene lagunas. Se ha abordado la evaluación como una parte intrínseca del proceso educativo y por ello se ha enfatizado en aspectos como el empoderamiento del alumnado, la cultura de la participación y la interacción social, conceptos que nos acercan a nuevos modelos de aprendizaje que potencian el intelecto colectivo y dejan atrás sistemas transmisivos de conocimiento.

Os degraus da implementação efetiva no Brasil: como as regulamentações locais de acesso à informação impactam na implementação de portais de dados abertos e transparência

2015 Open Data Research Symposium, 27th May 2015, Ottawa, Canada

The use of antidepressants to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults

There is increasing evidence that children continue to experience attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms into adult life. The two main treatments for ADHD are antidepressants and stimulants. Here, the effectiveness data relating to the use of antidepressants in adults with ADHD are reviewed. Four controlled and six open studies were identified. Although, there is only limited data currently available, antidepressants may offer an effective therapy for adult ADHD. Controlled trials have studied desipramine, atomoxetine and bupropion, with most evidence supporting the efficacy of desipramine. The initial data indicate that atomoxetine is less effective than desipramine. The efficacy of bupropion is unclear. Initial published open data suggest a response rate of 50-78% with venlafaxine. Controlled studies are required to confirm this efficacy. Most of the present data are short-term, therefore long-term effectiveness data are required.

Alinhamento estratégico da TI: o caso da UFRN

It is considered that the Strategic Alignment IT is the first step within the IT Governance process for any institution. Taking as initial point the recognition that the governance corporate has an overall view of the organizations, the IT Governance takes place as a sub-set responsible for the implementation of the organization strategies in what concerns the provision of the necessary tools for the achievement of the goals set in the Institutional Development Plan. In order to do so, COBIT specifies that such Governance shall be built on the following principles: Strategic Alignment, Value Delivery, Risk Management, Performance Measurement. This paper aims at the Strategic Alignment, considered by the authors as the foundation for the development of the entire IT Governance core. By deepening the technical knowledge of the management system development, UFRN has made a decisive step towards the technical empowerment needed to the “Value Delivery”, yet, by perusing the primarily set processes to the “Strategic Alignment”, gaps that limited the IT strategic view in the implementation of the organizational goals were found. In the qualitative study that used documentary research with content analysis and interviews with the strategic and tactical managers, the view on the role of SINFO – Superintendência de Informática was mapped. The documentary research was done on public documents present on the institutional site and on TCU – Tribunal de Contas da União – documents that map the IT Governance profiles on the federal public service as a whole. As a means to obtain the documentary research results equalization, questionnaires/interviews and iGovTI indexes, quantitative tools to the standardization of the results were used, always bearing in mind the usage of the same scale elements present in the TCU analysis. This being said, similarly to what the TCU study through the IGovTI index provides, this paper advocates a particular index to the study area – SA (Strategic Alignment), calculated from the representative variables of the COBIT 4.1 domains and having the representative variables of the Strategic Alignment primary process as components. As a result, an intermediate index among the values in two adjacent surveys done by TCU in the years of 2010 and 2012 was found, which reflects the attitude and view of managers towards the IT governance: still linked to Data Processing in which a department performs its tasks according to the demand of the various departments or sectors, although there is a commission that discusses the issues related to infrastructure acquisition and systems development. With an Operational view rather than Strategic/Managerial and low attachment to the tools consecrated by the market, several processes are not contemplated in the framework COBIT defined set; this is mainly due to the inexistence of a formal strategic plan for IT; hence, the partial congruency between the organization goals and the IT goals.

Internet of Things collaborativo: progettazione ed analisi di una piattaforma di aggregazione di dati sensoristici

Internet ha rivoluzionato il modo di comunicare degli individui. Siamo testimoni della nascita e dello sviluppo di un'era caratterizzata dalla disponibilità di informazione libera e accessibile a tutti. Negli ultimi anni grazie alla diffusione di smartphone, tablet e altre tipologie di dispositivi connessi, è cambiato il fulcro dell'innovazione spostandosi dalle persone agli oggetti. E' così che nasce il concetto di Internet of Things, termine usato per descrivere la rete di comunicazione creata tra i diversi dispositivi connessi ad Internet e capaci di interagire in autonomia. Gli ambiti applicativi dell'Internet of Things spaziano dalla domotica alla sanità, dall'environmental monitoring al concetto di smart cities e così via. L'obiettivo principale di tale disciplina è quello di migliorare la vita delle persone grazie a sistemi che siano in grado di interagire senza aver bisogno dell'intervento dell'essere umano. Proprio per la natura eterogenea della disciplina e in relazione ai diversi ambiti applicativi, nell'Internet of Things si può incorrere in problemi derivanti dalla presenza di tecnologie differenti o di modalità eterogenee di memorizzazione dei dati. A questo proposito viene introdotto il concetto di Internet of Things collaborativo, termine che indica l'obiettivo di realizzare applicazioni che possano garantire interoperabilità tra i diversi ecosistemi e tra le diverse fonti da cui l'Internet of Things attinge, sfruttando la presenza di piattaforme di pubblicazione di Open Data. L'obiettivo di questa tesi è stato quello di creare un sistema per l'aggregazione di dati da due piattaforme, ThingSpeak e Sparkfun, con lo scopo di unificarli in un unico database ed estrarre informazioni significative dai dati tramite due tecniche di Data Mining: il Dictionary Learning e l'Affinity Propagation. Vengono illustrate le due metodologie che rientrano rispettivamente tra le tecniche di classificazione e di clustering.

Integración y visualización de datos abiertos medioambientales

En la actualidad, muchos gobiernos están publicando (o tienen la intención de publicar en breve) miles de conjuntos de datos para que personas y organizaciones los puedan utilizar. Como consecuencia, la cantidad de aplicaciones basadas en Open Data está incrementándose. Sin embargo cada gobierno tiene sus propios procedimientos para publicar sus datos, y esto causa una variedad de formatos dado que no existe un estándar internacional para especificar los formatos de estos datos. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es un análisis comparativo de datos ambientales en bases de datos abiertas (Open Data) pertenecientes a distintos gobiernos. Debido a esta variedad de formatos, debemos construir un proceso de integración de datos que sea capaz de unir todos los tipos de formatos. El trabajo implica un pre-procesado, limpieza e integración de las diferentes fuentes de datos. Existen muchas aplicaciones desarrolladas para dar soporte en el proceso de integración por ejemplo Data Tamer, Data Wrangler como se explica en este documento. El problema con estas aplicaciones es que necesitan la interacción del usuario como parte fundamental del proceso de integración. En este trabajo tratamos de evitar la supervisión humana aprovechando las similitudes de los datasets procedentes de igual área que en nuestro caso se aplica al área de medioambiente. De esta forma los procesos pueden ser automatizados con una programación adecuada. Para conseguirlo, la idea principal de este trabajo es construir procesos ad hoc adaptados a las fuentes de cada gobierno para conseguir una integración automática. Concretamente este trabajo se enfoca en datos ambientales como lo son la temperatura, consumo de energía, calidad de aire, radiación solar, velocidad del viento, etc. Desde hace dos años el gobierno de Madrid está publicando sus datos relativos a indicadores ambientales en tiempo real. Del mismo modo, otros gobiernos han publicado conjuntos de datos Open Data relativos al medio ambiente (como Andalucía o Bilbao), pero todos estos datos tienen diferentes formatos. En este trabajo se presenta una solución capaz de integrar todas ellos que además permite al usuario visualizar y hacer análisis sobre los datos en tiempo real. Una vez que el proceso de integración está realizado, todos los datos de cada gobierno poseen el mismo formato y se pueden lanzar procesos de análisis de una manera más computacional. Este trabajo tiene tres partes fundamentales: 1. Estudio de los entornos Open Data y la literatura al respecto; 2. Desarrollo de un proceso de integración y 3. Desarrollo de una Interface Gráfica y Analítica. Aunque en una primera fase se implementaron los procesos de integración mediante Java y Oracle y la Interface Gráfica con Java (jsp), en una fase posterior se realizó toda la implementación con lenguaje R y la interface gráfica mediante sus librerías, principalmente con Shiny. El resultado es una aplicación que provee de un conjunto de Datos Ambientales Integrados en Tiempo Real respecto a dos gobiernos muy diferentes en España, disponible para cualquier desarrollador que desee construir sus propias aplicaciones.

Connecting Mentally Ill Detainees in Large Urban Jails with Community Care.

Large urban jails have become a collection point for many persons with severe mental illness. Connections between jail and community mental health services are needed to assure in-jail care and to promote successful community living following release. This paper addresses this issue for 2855 individuals with severe mental illness who received community mental health services prior to jail detention in King County (Seattle), Washington over a 5-year time period using a unique linked administrative data source. Logistic regression was used to determine the probability that a detainee with severe mental illness received mental health services while in jail as a function of demographic and clinical characteristics. Overall, 70 % of persons with severe mental illness did receive in-jail mental health treatment. Small, but statistically significant sex and race differences were observed in who received treatment in the jail psychiatric unit or from the jail infirmary. Findings confirm the jail's central role in mental health treatment and emphasize the need for greater information sharing and collaboration with community mental health agencies to minimize jail use and to facilitate successful community reentry for detainees with severe mental illness.

Forces of agglomeration and dispersal in rural business networks: a social network analysis

Two concepts in rural economic development policy have been the focus of much research and policy action: the identification and support of clusters or networks of firms and the availability and adoption by rural businesses of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). From a theoretical viewpoint these policies are based on two contrasting models, with clustering seen as a process of economic agglomeration, and ICT-mediated communication as a means of facilitating economic dispersion. The study’s conceptual framework is based on four interrelated elements: location, interaction, knowledge, and advantage, together with the concept of networks which is employed as an operationally and theoretically unifying concept. The research questions are developed in four successive categories: Policy, Theory, Networks, and Method. The questions are approached using a study of two contrasting groups of rural small businesses in West Cork, Ireland: (a) Speciality Foods, and (b) firms in Digital Products and Services. The study combines Social Network Analysis (SNA) with Qualitative Thematic Analysis, using data collected from semi-structured interviews with 58 owners or managers of these businesses. Data comprise relational network data on the firms’ connections to suppliers, customers, allies and competitors, together with linked qualitative data on how the firms established connections, and how tacit and codified knowledge was sourced and utilised. The research finds that the key characteristics identified in the cluster literature are evident in the sample of Speciality Food businesses, in relation to flows of tacit knowledge, social embedding, and the development of forms of social capital. In particular the research identified the presence of two distinct forms of collective social capital in this network, termed “community” and “reputation”. By contrast the sample of Digital Products and Services businesses does not have the form of a cluster, but matches more closely to dispersive models, or “chain” structures. Much of the economic and social structure of this set of firms is best explained in terms of “project organisation”, and by the operation of an individual rather than collective form of “reputation”. The rural setting in which these firms are located has resulted in their being service-centric, and consequently they rely on ICT-mediated communication in order to exchange tacit knowledge “at a distance”. It is this factor, rather than inputs of codified knowledge, that most strongly influences their operation and their need for availability and adoption of high quality communication technologies. Thus the findings have applicability in relation to theory in Economic Geography and to policy and practice in Rural Development. In addition the research contributes to methodological questions in SNA, and to methodological questions about the combination or mixing of quantitative and qualitative methods.

The role of learning design and learning analytics in MOOCs

The last couple of years there has been a lot of attention for MOOCs. More and more universities start offering MOOCs. Although the open dimension of MOOC indicates that it is open in every aspect, in most cases it is a course with a structure and a timeline within which learning activities are positioned. There is a contradiction there. The open aspect puts MOOCs more in the non-formal professional learning domain, while the course structure takes it into the formal, traditional education domain. Accordingly, there is no consensus yet on solid pedagogical approaches for MOOCs. Something similar can be said for learning analytics, another upcoming concept that is receiving a lot of attention. Given its nature, learning analytics offers a large potential to support learners in particular in MOOCs. Learning analytics should then be applied to assist the learners and teachers in understanding the learning process and could predict learning, provide opportunities for pro-active feedback, but should also results in interventions aimed at improving progress. This paper illustrates pedagogical and learning analytics approaches based on practices developed in formal online and distance teaching university education that have been fine-tuned for MOOCs and have been piloted in the context of the EU-funded MOOC projects ECO (Elearning, Communication, Open-Data: http://ecolearning.eu) and EMMA (European Multiple MOOC Aggregator: http://platform.europeanmoocs.eu).

Understanding Suicide and Help-seeking in Urban and Rural Areas in Northern Ireland

Funded by HSC R&D Division, Public Health Agency Why did we start? Most people who complete suicide are in contact with their family doctors or other services in the months prior to death. A better understanding of the nature of these contacts and the various pathways experienced by suicidal people should reveal the gaps and barriers to effective service provision. We also need better information about the difficulties experienced by family carers, both prior to the death and afterwards. Of particular interest to policy makers in Northern Ireland was a concern that people from rural areas may be at increasing risk of suicide. We were commissioned by the Health and Social Care R&D Division of the Northern Ireland Public Health Agency to address the gaps in our understanding of suicide in NI. What did we do? We undertook a mixed methods study in which we examined the records of 403 people who took their own lives over a two-year period between March 2007 and February 2009. We linked these data to GP records and then examined help-seeking pathways of people and their contacts with services. We did in-depth face-to-face interviews with 72 bereaved relatives and friends who discussed their understanding of the events and circumstances surrounding the death, the experience of seeking help for the family member, the personal impact of the suicide, and use of support services. Additionally, we interviewed 19 General Practitioners about their experiences of managing people who died by suicide.            

Capturing and indexing rehearsals: the design and usage of a digital archive of performing arts

Preserving the cultural heritage of the performing arts raises difficult and sensitive issues, as each performance is unique by nature and the juxtaposition between the performers and the audience cannot be easily recorded. In this paper, we report on an experimental research project to preserve another aspect of the performing arts—the history of their rehearsals. We have specifically designed non-intrusive video recording and on-site documentation techniques to make this process transparent to the creative crew, and have developed a complete workflow to publish the recorded video data and their corresponding meta-data online as Open Data using state-of-the-art audio and video processing to maximize non-linear navigation and hypervideo linking. The resulting open archive is made publicly available to researchers and amateurs alike and offers a unique account of the inner workings of the worlds of theater and opera.

Social machines dictating social behaviors – When context is missing what is the fallout of uberveillance?

Abstract: In the mid-1990s when I worked for a telecommunications giant I struggled to gain access to basic geodemographic data. It cost hundreds of thousands of dollars at the time to simply purchase a tile of satellite imagery from Marconi, and it was often cheaper to create my own maps using a digitizer and A0 paper maps. Everything from granular administrative boundaries to right-of-ways to points of interest and geocoding capabilities were either unavailable for the places I was working in throughout Asia or very limited. The control of this data was either in a government’s census and statistical bureau or was created by a handful of forward thinking corporations. Twenty years on we find ourselves inundated with data (location and other) that we are challenged to amalgamate, and much of it still “dirty” in nature. Open data initiatives such as ODI give us great hope for how we might be able to share information together and capitalize not only in the crowdsourcing behavior but in the implications for positive usage for the environment and for the advancement of humanity. We are already gathering and amassing a great deal of data and insight through excellent citizen science participatory projects across the globe. In early 2015, I delivered a keynote at the Data Made Me Do It conference at UC Berkeley, and in the preceding year an invited talk at the inaugural QSymposium. In gathering research for these presentations, I began to ponder on the effect that social machines (in effect, autonomous data collection subjects and objects) might have on social behaviors. I focused on studying the problem of data from various veillance perspectives, with an emphasis on the shortcomings of uberveillance which included the potential for misinformation, misinterpretation, and information manipulation when context was entirely missing. As we build advanced systems that rely almost entirely on social machines, we need to ponder on the risks associated with following a purely technocratic approach where machines devoid of intelligence may one day dictate what humans do at the fundamental praxis level. What might be the fallout of uberveillance? Bio: Dr Katina Michael is a professor in the School of Computing and Information Technology at the University of Wollongong. She presently holds the position of Associate Dean – International in the Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences. Katina is the IEEE Technology and Society Magazine editor-in-chief, and IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine senior editor. Since 2008 she has been a board member of the Australian Privacy Foundation, and until recently was the Vice-Chair. Michael researches on the socio-ethical implications of emerging technologies with an emphasis on an all-hazards approach to national security. She has written and edited six books, guest edited numerous special issue journals on themes related to radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, supply chain management, location-based services, innovation and surveillance/ uberveillance for Proceedings of the IEEE, Computer and IEEE Potentials. Prior to academia, Katina worked for Nortel Networks as a senior network engineer in Asia, and also in information systems for OTIS and Andersen Consulting. She holds cross-disciplinary qualifications in technology and law.