Incidence and clinicobiologic characteristics of leukemic B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders with more than one B-cell clone.

Leukemic B-chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPDs) are generally believed to derive from a monoclonal B cell; biclonality has only occasionally been reported. In this study, we have explored the incidence of B-CLPD cases with 2 or more B-cell clones and established both the phenotypic differences between the coexisting clones and the clinicobiologic features of these patients. In total, 53 B-CLPD cases with 2 or more B-cell clones were studied. Presence of 2 or more B-cell clones was suspected by immunophenotype and confirmed by molecular/genetic techniques in leukemic samples (n = 42) and purified B-cell subpopulations (n = 10). Overall, 4.8% of 477 consecutive B-CLPDs had 2 or more B-cell clones, their incidence being especially higher among hairy cell leukemia (3 of 13), large cell lymphoma (2 of 10), and atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (4 of 29). In most cases the 2 B-cell subsets displayed either different surface immunoglobulin (sIg) light chain (n = 37 of 53) or different levels of the same sIg (n = 9 of 53), usually associated with other phenotypic differences. Compared with monoclonal cases, B-CLL patients with 2 or more clones had lower white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte counts, more frequently displayed splenomegaly, and required early treatment. Among these, the cases in which a CLL clone coexisted with a non-CLL clone were older and more often displayed B symptoms, a monoclonal component, and diffuse infiltration of bone marrow and required early treatment more frequently than cases with monoclonal CLL or 2 CLL clones.

Heteroduplex analysis of VDJ amplified segments from rearranged IgH genes for clonality assessments in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A comparison between different strategies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The main difficulty of PCR-based clonality studies for B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B-LPD) is discrimination between monoclonal and polyclonal PCR products, especially when there is a high background of polyclonal B cells in the tumor sample. Actually, PCR-based methods for clonality assessment require additional analysis of the PCR products in order to discern between monoclonal and polyclonal samples. Heteroduplex analysis represents an attractive approach since it is easy to perform and avoids the use of radioactive substrates or expensive equipment. DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied the sensitivity and specificity of heteroduplex PCR analysis for monoclonal detection in samples from 90 B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) patients and in 28 individuals without neoplastic B-cell disorders (negative controls). Furthermore, in 42 B-NHL and in the same 28 negative controls, we compared heteroduplex analysis vs the classical PCR technique. We also compared ethidium bromide (EtBr) vs. silver nitrate (AgNO(3)) staining as well as agarose vs. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). RESULTS: Using two pair consensus primers sited at VH (FR3 and FR2) and at JH, 91% of B-NHL samples displayed monoclonal products after heteroduplex PCR analysis using PAGE and AgNO(3) staining. Moreover, no polyclonal sample showed a monoclonal PCR product. By contrast, false positive results were obtained when using agarose (5/28) and PAGE without heteroduplex analysis: 2/28 and 8/28 with EtBr and AgNO(3) staining, respectively. In addition, false negative results only appeared with EtBr staining: 13/42 in agarose, 4/42 in PAGE without heteroduplex analysis and 7/42 in PAGE after heteroduplex analysis. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that AgNO(3) stained PAGE after heteroduplex analysis is the most suitable strategy for detecting monoclonal rearrangements in B-NHL samples because it does not produce false-positive results and the risk of false-negative results is very low.

The temperate Burkholderia phage AP3 of the Peduovirinae shows efficient antimicrobial activity against B. cenocepacia of the IIIA lineage

Burkholderia phage AP3 (vB_BceM_AP3) is a temperate virus of the Myoviridae and the Peduovirinae subfamily (P2likevirus genus). This phage specifically infects multidrug-resistant clinical Burkholderia cenocepacia lineage IIIA strains commonly isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. AP3 exhibits high pairwise nucleotide identity (61.7%) to Burkholderia phage KS5, specific to the same B. cenocepacia host, and has 46.7% - 49.5% identity to phages infecting other species of Burkholderia. The lysis cassette of these related phages has a similar organization (putative antiholin, putative holin, endolysin and spanins) and shows 29-98% homology between specific lysis genes, in contrast to Enterobacteria phage P2, the hallmark phage of this genus. The AP3 and KS5 lysis genes have conserved locations and high amino acid sequence similarity. The AP3 bacteriophage particles remain infective up to 5 h at pH 4-10 and are stable at 60°C for 30 min, but are sensitive to chloroform, with no remaining infective particles after 24 h of treatment. AP3 lysogeny can occur by stable genomic integration and by pseudo-lysogeny. The lysogenic bacterial mutants did not exhibit any significant changes in virulence compared to wild-type host strain when tested in the Galleria mellonella moth wax model. Moreover, AP3 treatment of larvae infected with B. cenocepacia revealed a significant increase (P < 0.0001) in larvae survival in comparison to AP3-untreated infected larvae. AP3 showed robust lytic activity, as evidenced by its broad host range, the absence of increased virulence in lysogenic isolates, the lack of bacterial gene disruption conditioned by bacterial tRNA downstream integration site, and the absence of detected toxin sequences. These data suggest the AP3 phage is a promising potent agent against bacteria belonging to most common B. cenocepacia IIIA lineage strains.

Dise?o de un proceso de formaci?n en educaci?n ambiental sobre el manejo del canal de aguas lluvias del sector el Pondaje-Comuneros II en la Instituci?n Educativa Humberto Jord?n Mazuera sede Miguel Camacho Perea

Este trabajo se realiz? con el objetivo de dise?ar un proceso en Educaci?n Ambiental como propuesta educativa, para promover el desarrollo de competencias cient?ficas, ciudadanas y valores en los estudiante a partir de la soluci?n de problem?ticas ambientales locales contextualizadas, espec?ficamente en el manejo del canal de aguas lluvias del sector el Pondaje ? Comuneros II contiguo a la Instituci?n Educativa Humberto Jord?n Mazuera sede Miguel Camacho Perea de la ciudad de Cali, con estudiantes de quinto a s?ptimo grado de escolaridad. La problem?tica fue abordada utilizando el modelo did?ctico de resoluci?n de problemas empleando una metodolog?a cualitativa, en donde por cada grado se plante? una pregunta problema orientadora, la cual fue resuelta a partir de una serie de actividades detalladas, y que fueron planificadas de tal forma que se gener? una secuencia a lo largo del a?o lectivo y a trav?s de los diferentes grados. En el dise?o de estas actividades se promovi? el desarrollo de diferentes competencias cient?ficas, ciudadanas y la formaci?n en valores, necesarios para direccionar el trabajo en Educaci?n Ambiental. Finalmente, este trabajo se convierte en un modelo para profesores de educaci?n b?sica, en cuanto a la necesidad actual de trabajar la Educaci?n Ambiental como un proceso, que relaciona todas las ?reas del conocimiento y en el cual se busca superar diversas dificultades que han trascendido con respecto a este tipo de educaci?n.

Comparación de salbutamol vs bromuro de ipratropio en el tratamiento de pacientes con hiperreactividad bronquial del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social, San Miguel, de mayo a julio de 2014

En el presente trabajo se hace una comparación entre salbutamol y el bromuro de ipratropio en el tratamiento de pacientes con hiperreactividad bronquial del instituto salvadoreño del seguro social, de mayo a julio de 2014. Teniendo como objetivos encontrar cual de los fármacos es mas efectivos, además determinar el nivel de broncodilatación producidos por los fármacos, y observar cual de ellos presentan mayores efectos adversos. Durante la investigación, fue necesario evaluar la condición física del paciente, la estabilidad hemodinámica y la evaluación de la prueba funcional en pre, trans y post espirometria. Metodología: esta investigación es de tipo experimental y según el origen los datos fue de campo, porque se apoya en información que proveniente de la observación. La población está formada por 30 pacientes la que posteriormente se dividió en dos grupos por medio de la tabla de números aleatorios, al grupo (a) 15 se le administro salbutamol a dosis de 300mcg y al grupo (b) 15 una dosis de 60mcg de bromuro de ipratropio. Resultados obtenidos: las pruebas estadísticas que se utilizaron para poder realizar el análisis de los datos recolectados fueron: para determinar la normalidad de los datos shapiro wilk, para los datos con distribucion normal se aplico la prueba t-estudent y para los datos que no tenían una distribucion normal la prueba u de mann whitney. Para valorar las variaciones pre, trans y post espirómetria se utilizo anova y duncan, después de analizar e interpretar los datos obtenidos se puede concluir que no existe diferencia estadística significativa en el nivel de broncodilatación y la presencia de efectos adversos entre los grupos en comparación. Por lo cual se acepta la hipótesis nula y se rechaza la hipótesis de investigación.

Tres ensayos / por Miguel de Unamuno.

¡Adentro! ; La ideocracia ; La fe

Estudo do mecanismo de rotura dos sismos de 1939 (M7) e 2007 (M6) na faixa S. Miguel – Glória (Açores): uma contribuição para a compreensão da sismotectónica local

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo de 3 dos mais significativos sismos instrumentais ocorridos na faixa S. Miguel-Glória, Açores: o de 8 de Maio de 1939 e os de 5 e 7 de Abril de 2007. A investigação envolveu a concepção e desenvolvimento de um método que permite recuperar os movimentos reais do solo em formato digital a partir de sismogramas antigos. Os resultados obtidos para o sismo de 1939 relocalizam o evento numa posição mais próxima da fronteira de placas e com mecanismo tamb��m mais próximo da generalidade dos eventos estudados. O estudo da fonte dos sismos de 2007 reforçam o mecanismo padrão da zona.

ANÁLISE MULTITEMPORAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO MIGUEL DO IGUAÇU-PR – BRASIL: ANÁLISE DOS ASPECTOS GERAIS DA PAISAGEM RURAL

O presente artigo teve por objetivo, a análise multitemporal (1985 a 2010) do uso e ocupação do solo no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu-PR – Brasil, por meio de técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto e Geoprocessamento e levantamento de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE. A metodologia deste trabalho foi realizada com o apoio de mapas temáticos de uso e ocupação do solo nos anos de 1985, 1999 e 2010. Constatou-se que o município de São Miguel do Iguaçu, tem a agricultura como principal uso desde a década 1980 e até mesmo nas décadas anteriores.Este artículo tiene como objetivo, el levantamento (1985-2010) del uso y ocupación del suelo en el municipio de Sao Miguel do Iguaçu-PR - Brasil, através de la teledetección y los SIG y datos del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística - IBGE. La metodología de este estudio se realizó con el apoyo de mapas temáticos para el uso y ocupación de tierras en los años 1985, 1999 y 2010. Se encontró que el municipio de São Miguel do Iguaçu, la agricultura tiene como principal uso desde 1980, e incluso en década antes.

The S.T.A.B. Trial - Standardised Testing of Artificial Blood. A comparative study of various products that may be used as artificial blood for high fidelity simulation training in the critical care setting

Aim: In the current climate of medical education, there is an ever-increasing demand for and emphasis on simulation as both a teaching and training tool. The objective of our study was to compare the realism and practicality of a number of artificial blood products that could be used for high-fidelity simulation. Method: A literature and internet search was performed and 15 artificial blood products were identified from a variety of sources. One product was excluded due to its potential toxicity risks. Five observers, blinded to the products, performed two assessments on each product using an evaluation tool with 14 predefined criteria including color, consistency, clotting, and staining potential to manikin skin and clothing. Each criterion was rated using a five-point Likert scale. The products were left for 24 hours, both refrigerated and at room temperature, and then reassessed. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the most suitable products, and both inter- and intra-rater variability were examined. Results: Three products scored consistently well with all five assessors, with one product in particular scoring well in almost every criterion. This highest-rated product had a mean rating of 3.6 of 5.0 (95% posterior Interval 3.4-3.7). Inter-rater variability was minor with average ratings varying from 3.0 to 3.4 between the highest and lowest scorer. Intrarater variability was negligible with good agreement between first and second rating as per weighted kappa scores (K = 0.67). Conclusion: The most realistic and practical form of artificial blood identified was a commercial product called KD151 Flowing Blood Syrup. It was found to be not only realistic in appearance but practical in terms of storage and stain removal.

Can B.I.M be civil?

After many years of development BIM (Building Information Modelling) is starting to achieve significant penetration into the building sector of the construction industry. This paper describes the current status of BIM and the drivers that are motivating the change from 2D CAD to BIM within the building sector. The paper then discusses what the implications of the technology underlying BIM may be for the civil construction sector of the construction industry. A project carried out by the Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation is used as an example of this technology as well as several international examples.

Las identidades en la educación temprana: Diversidad y posibilidades. (Traduccion J. J. Utrilla)

Este libro es una invitación reconceptualizar las maneras de escuchar, conocer, acompañar y educar a los niños desde la primera infancia en un mundo multicultural, cambiante y posmoderno. Los trabajos que lo integran parten de perspectivas que generan nuevas formas de ver, hacer y estar en el mundo, ofrecen una reconstrucción de la psicología del desarrollo y destacan la importancia de la cultura, la etnia, el género y la sexualidad, sin olvidar la historia, la política y el discurso científico.