Administratzaileen erantzunkizuna: akzio soziala/akzio indibiduala

[EU]Gradu Bukaerako Lan honek bi helburu nagusi ditu. Alde batetik, gure praktika profesionala ikertzea eta hobetzea. Bestetik, administratzaileen erantzukizunaren eremuan liskar egoerak sortzen dituzten egoerei eta zalantzei erantzuna ematea, nolabait, eremu honetan, ideiak argitu eta sendotzeko helburuarekin. Lanketa hori egiteko Graduan zehar barneratutako hainbat ezagutza eta zenbait adituren ezagutza teorikoen ekarpenak egiten dira lanean. Nagusiki, lau aspektu izango dira lan honen aztertze objektu. Horrela, lehen atal batean, erantzukizunaren ikuspegi orokorra landuko dugu. Behin, eremu hau azterturik, Legeak aurreikusten dituen akzioen aspektu garrantzitsuenetara joko dugu. Ondoren, modu labur batean bada ere, aipamen txiki bat egingo diogu konkurtso egoeran sortzen diren egoerei. Azkenik, urteetan zalantza egoera sortu duen gaiari erreparatuko diogu, hau da, preskripzioaren gaia. Proiektuak ondorioztatzen du, erantzukizunaren eremuan Legegileak jasotzen dituen aldaketek helburu dutela, arauketa osatuago bat eskaintzea.

High-energy LDA switched side-pumped electro-optical Q-switched Nd : YAG ceramic laser

By employing a uniformly compact side-pumping system, a high-energy electro-optical Q-switched Nd:YAG ceramic laser has been demonstrated. With 420 W quasi-cw laser-diode-array pumping at 808 ran and a 100 Hz modulating repetition rate, 50 mJ output energy at 1064 nm was obtained with 10 ns pulse width, 5 W average output power, and 5 MW peak power. Its corresponding slope efficiency was 29.8%. The laser system operated quite stably and no saturation phenomena have been observed, which means higher output energy could be expected. Laser parameters between ceramic and single-crystal Nd:YAG lasers have been compared, and pulse characteristics of Nd:YAG ceramic with different repetition rate have been investigated in detail. The still-evolving Nd:YAG ceramics are potential super excellent media for high-energy laser applications. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America.

Fabrication and emission properties of Er3+/Yb3+ codoped tellurite glass fiber for broadband optical amplification

Tellurite glass is proposed as a host for broadband erbium-doped fiber amplifiers because of their excellent optical and chemical properties. A new single mode Er3+/Yb3+ codoped tellurite fiber with D-shape cladding geometry is fabricated in this work. When pumped at 980 nm, a broad erbium amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) nearly 100 nm in the wavelength range of 1450-1650 ran around 1.53 mu m is observed. It was found that the emission spectrum from erbium in tellurite glass fibers is almost twice as broad as the corresponding spectrum in tellurite bulk glass. The changes in ASE with regard to fiber lengths and pumping power were measured and discussed. The output of about 2.3 mW from Er3+/Yb3+ codoped tellurite fiber ASE source is obtained under the pump power of 700 mW. The broad 1.53 mu m emission of Er3+ in Er3+/Yb3+ codoped tellurite glass fiber can be used as host material for potential broadband optical amplifier and tunable fiber lasers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spectroscopic properties of Ce : YAP scintillation crystal grown by temperature gradient technique

Spectroscopic properties of Ce-doped yttrium orthoaluminate (Ce:YAlO3 or Ce:YAP) crystals grown by temperature gradient technique (TGT) were investigated, and the effects of the growth conditions on the properties were analyzed.. Methods of optical absorption (OA), photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence decay (PLD), X-ray excited luminescence (XL) and cathodeluminescence (CL) were used in these investigations. The results showed that the absorption band peak at 202, 394 and 532 nm originated from F and F+ color center induced by the weak reducing growth atmosphere, green emission band near 500 ran derived from Ce3+ -Ce3+ pairs and band at 650 similar to 850 run from some unintentional impurity in crystals.

Analysis of channel quality reporting mechanisms and their impact into 4G and beyond technologies

206 p.

Comparison of femtosecond and nanosecond laser-induced damage in HfO2 single-layer film and HfO2-SiO2 high reflector

HfO2 single layers, 800 run high-reflective (HR) coating, and 1064 ran HR coating were prepared by electron-beam evaporation. The laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) and damage morphologies of these samples were investigated with single-pulse femtosecond and nanosecond lasers. It is found that the LIDT of the HfO2 single layer is higher than the HfO2-SiO2 HR coating in the femtosecond regime, while the situation is opposite in the nanosecond regime. Different damage mechanisms are applied to study this phenomenon. Damage morphologies of all samples due to different laser irradiations are displayed. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.

Três datas: entre nascer e morrer, O guardador de rebanhos

O presente trabalho objetiva o exercício de criação em torno do dia 8 de março de 1914, dito como triunfal pelo poeta Fernando Pessoa, nos momentos que antecedem a escrita do poema O guardador de rebanhos, de autoria do heterônimo Alberto Caeiro. A partir de versos do poema intenta-se uma construção ficcional fincada em um estado onírico que é canal para os fluxos de criação, preparação para o que vai eclodir: um poema potente que emerge do mistério da heteronímia, renúncia do poeta à sua voz para dar lugar ao OUTRO que dele difere, porém dele surge, nele mora. Há no espaço ficcional a ideia de inscrever a data de 8 de março de 1914 como um terceiro marco na biografia do poeta que negou ter biografia, apenas nascimento e morte como limites entre os quais a vida correu como obra, como fazer poesia. A data que dá carne ao poema é ficção dentro da ficção, contraponto de guerra em meio à luz da poesia que nasce como tarefa heroica de enfrentamento diante dos perigos do mundo. O trabalho pretende chegar mais perto de uma verdade que só através da ficção pode ser tocada: sentir o fluxo de um dia no processo de criação do poeta, ser livre como ele, na ousadia de recriar o momento da escrita do poema em 1914

The Environment Agency/DEFRA Evidence and Measures Project: Practical Solutions - Moston Brook

This is the final presentation from the Moston Brook Evidence and Measures project which ran from September 2012 to March 2013. Moston Brook water body is part of the River Irwell Pilot Catchment and the objective of the project was to devise reliable measures (actions) which were based on existing evidence and that could be implemented in years 2 and 3 by the Environment Agency and its partner to help meet Water Framework Directive (WDF) requirements and community aspirations. The presentation summarises the main suspected causes of WDF failure, the evidence for this, the main causes for failure in the sub-catchments resulting from the evidence found, and identifies measures to carry out, which will address the WDF failures and improve the quality of the water. This presentation can be used to inform others on how to improve the water quality of Moston Brook, and also to support other similar initiatives.

Tudo isso é inovação: mediação e criatividade no encontro entre o designer e as artesãs

O objetivo deste trabalho trata-se de explorar o papel do designer quando em relação à contextos de produção artesanal, partindo de pesquisa etnográfica realizada em uma oficina de design, conduzida por Lars Diederichsen, para as artesãs da Cooperativa Lã Pura. Inserida no programa Talentos do Brasil, do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, a oficina de design tem como propósito a geração de novos produtos para a cooperativa e configura-se como a visita de um designer ao grupo. As bases teóricas para a análise das relações entre o designer e artesãs estão amparadas no conceito de mediação (Velho, 2001; 2003). Ao relacionarem-se esses sujeitos negociam seus projetos, transitam entre diversos domínios e reconstroem as suas realidades e a si mesmos, criando e recriando as suas identidades como mulheres artesãs e como designer, contribuindo para a conceituação do que significa ser mulher artesã e ser designer. Ao mesmo tempo, a ideia de criatividade permeia todo o processo da oficina de design, tendo sido problematizada a partir de Ingold e Hallam (2007) que sugerem os conceitos de inovação e improvisação.

一种小G蛋白TaRAN1在植物细胞周期和发育过程中的功能研究

　　小G蛋白作为信号转导中重要的分子开关， 进化相当保守，与许多不同的调控因子和效应器分子相互作用，产生细胞功能的多样性。近年来，人们不断发现植物中小G蛋白家族的新成员，也不断揭示小G蛋白的新功能，许多植物特有的信号途径和功能需要小G蛋白这个重要的分子开关来完成，使它越来越成为人们研究的热点问题。但是，有关植物中Ran GTPase及其编码基因的研究工作报道很少，对与之相互作用的调控蛋白研究进展也刚刚开始。 　　TaRAN1 (AF488730) 是小麦来源的Ran同源蛋白编码基因，全长1055 bp, 编码221个氨基酸，它在植物发育过程中的功能还没有任何报道。本论文在验证了它是小G蛋白Ran家族的成员后，从分子水平上还发现它在植物细胞周期调控、对生长素以及胁迫应答信号转导过程中都起着重要作用，这也说明了它可能作为信号转导过程中重要的转换因子，参与了很多细胞的基本生理过程。 　　利用原核表达系统及亲和色谱的方法纯化了TaRAN1融合蛋白，并用放射性标记的GTP和竞争实验证实了它具有特异的GTP结合活性。TaRAN1的转录产物在小麦幼茎和花芽等分生组织活动旺盛的器官表达较多，而在老叶中表达较少。利用洋葱表皮瞬时表达系统分析表现，TaRAN1蛋白主要定位于细胞核，但其没有典型的核定位信号。 　　细胞周期一直是生物学领域中的热门问题，人们虽然在动物细胞中取得了很大进展，但在植物细胞中的研究远落后于动物。裂殖酵母（Schizosaccharomyces pombe）是研究细胞形态和细胞周期的良好系统，利用此系统发现超表达TaRAN1的酵母细胞表现出许多新的细胞学表型，例如G2细胞周期延滞、染色体对紫外线敏感、细胞超长或多隔细胞的出现等;反义表达TaRAN1的酵母细胞呈近圆型、具有高度凝集的核并且生长速度缓慢、核质混合和无核细胞的数目明显增加。流式细胞仪检测实验也证实其细胞周期的异常。这些结果推测TaRAN1蛋白可能参与细胞周期的有丝分裂过程和发育的调控机制，并且在维持染色体结构稳定和完整性方面起着重要的作用。通过免疫荧光实验观察表明，超表达转基因酵母的微管多呈异常的狭小扇形结构，反义表达TaRAN1的酵母微管不能形成丝状结构，推测TaRAN1还可能参与微管（包括纺锤体）的结构形成过程。最后，我们用超表达TaRAN1的转基因拟南芥和水稻也证实了它的功能，其生长点表现出分生组织增多的原基、根生长点的有丝分裂指数有所改变、出现异常的细胞分裂时相等有关细胞周期异常的现象，更进一步说明了TaRAN1确实参与着细胞周期的调控过程，推测其与细胞周期从G2期进入M期的过程有关。 　　TaRAN1基因受IAA的诱导表达，且随着浓度的增加表达量增强。超表达的TaRAN1植株（包括拟南芥和水稻）的根表现出对外源生长素异常敏感，侧根显著变少，地上部分表现出生长素过量的表现型，顶端优势减弱，分蘖增多，生长周期延长等。HPLC测定转基因植物的IAA含量，明显高于对照。所以，TaRAN1可能还参与了复杂的生长素信号转导过程。TaRAN1基因还受各种胁迫处理的诱导表达，并且超表达植株对胁迫的忍受能力有明显提高，这说明TaRAN1还参与了胁迫信号应答的相应机制。Ran蛋白这些新功能目前还未见到其它报道。

小麦TaRanBP基因功能的初步分析

小G蛋白（small GTPases）是真核生物中广泛存在的一类调节各种生命活动的信号分子。根据结构与功能的不同，小G蛋白家族成员可分成五个亚家族，分别为Ras，Rab，Rho，Arf和Ran。五类小G蛋白通过其活化态（GTP结合态）和非活化态（GDP结合态）的相互转换行使着各种功能。Ras GTPases在酵母和哺乳动物中调节细胞增殖过程; Rho GTPases调控肌动蛋白重组过程，并参与MAP 激酶的细胞信号转导过程等; Rab GTPases和Arf GTPases分别在膜转运过程中起着不同的重要作用;而Ran GTPases则在核孔位置调节着蛋白和RNA分子的运输过程。 小G蛋白附属蛋白调节着小G蛋白活化态与非活化态之间的转换，其中鸟核苷酸交换因子(guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GEFs)可以催化小G蛋白转换为GTP结合形式，即活化态;而GTPase 激活蛋白(GTPase-activating proteins, GAPs)和小G蛋白结合蛋白(small GTPases binding proteins)可以激活小G蛋白自身的水解活性，从而将其转变成非活化态形式。 相比其它小G蛋白，Ran GTPases及其附属蛋白在真核生物中的研究相对较少。已有的成果表明它们主要在核质运输过程中及对相应的信号转导途径起调节作用。而针对Ran GTPases及其附属蛋白在真核生物尤其是高等植物个体发育过程中的作用，目前报道还很少。 为了揭示Ran结合蛋白(Ran binding protein, RanBP)在植物发育过程中的作用，本文通过转基因手段对其功能进行 了研究。在此之前，本实验室已从小麦cDNA文库中成功克隆Ran结合蛋白基因：TaRanBP。该基因cDNA全长1035 bp，编码207个氨基酸。通过农杆菌介导叶圆片法，分别用正义、反义及TaRanBP与GFP融合蛋白等表达载体转化烟草，并成功获得转基因植株。亚细胞定位观察发现TaRanBP蛋白主要定位于细胞质内，尤其是在核膜附近富集。生理学和细胞学等方面的研究分析发现，TaRanBP基因在烟草个体发育过程中产生重要作用。过量表达TaRanBP基因的转基因植株在一定数量上表现出愈合的花冠筒上出现不同程度开裂，花冠筒上有附生舌状花瓣，及带有花瓣状颜 色的花萼等异常花表型。同时，转反义基因在一定程度上促进了转基因植株初生主根的生长（为对照烟草的2.3倍），而转正义基因烟草与对照烟草的初生主根长度差异不明显。用碘化丙锭(Propidium Iodide, PI)进行根部细胞染色。观察发现，不同的转基因烟草与对照烟草之间在根的各个不同形态区域的细胞大小差异不明显，推测根长的差异可能是由于整体细胞数目变化的原因导致。向重力性实验发现，转反义基因烟草幼苗较对照烟草的向重力性反应增加，而转正义基因的则表现为降低。激素吲哚乙酸(Indoleacetic Acid, IAA)的添加处理可以恢复转反义基因烟草的向重力性异常表型，而对转正义基因烟草几乎无影响。添加激动素(Kinetin, KT)的处理发现不同转基因烟草和对照烟草的向重力性均有减弱。观测后期，转正义基因的向重力敏感性较对照烟草得到恢复。测量不同转基因株系T1代幼苗鲜重，发现不同转基因烟草和对照烟草的幼苗鲜重动态变化在各个时间点有差异，且差异情况不尽相同。而不同转基因幼苗T1代幼苗可溶性蛋白含量较对照烟草有不同程度的下降。这种下降并没有影响转基因烟草的整体生长进程，开花期和结实情况与对照烟草相比也无明显变化。

Quantitative and qualitative studies on the bacterial flora of fresh sardines

Plate counts at R T and 8 C on the skin with muscle and the gut contents of absolutely fresh sardines (Sardinella longiceps) caught off Cochin showed a seasonal variation when sampling was done over a period of 12 months. The counts of the gut contents ran parallel with those of the skin with muscle, but at a higher level of magnitude. Qualitatively, the analysis of 360 strains of bacteria isolated from the skin with muscle and 100 strains from the guts during a year's study revealed a very high preponderance of Gram negative rods, mainly of Achromobacter, Vibrio, and Pseudomonas groups. The percentage of Gram positive organism was very low or nil at times in the ocean fresh sardines.