A Log-linear model of grain size influence on the geochemistry of sediments

Sediment composition is mainly controlled by the nature of the source rock(s), and chemical (weathering) and physical processes (mechanical crushing, abrasion, hydrodynamic sorting) during alteration and transport. Although the factors controlling these processes are conceptually well understood, detailed quantification of compositional changes induced by a single process are rare, as are examples where the effects of several processes can be distinguished. The present study was designed to characterize the role of mechanical crushing and sorting in the absence of chemical weathering. Twenty sediment samples were taken from Alpine glaciers that erode almost pure granitoid lithologies. For each sample, 11 grain-size fractions from granules to clay (ø grades <-1 to >9) were separated, and each fraction was analysed for its chemical composition. The presence of clear steps in the box-plots of all parts (in adequate ilr and clr scales) against ø is assumed to be explained by typical crystal size ranges for the relevant mineral phases. These scatter plots and the biplot suggest a splitting of the full grain size range into three groups: coarser than ø=4 (comparatively rich in SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Al2O3, and dominated by “felsic” minerals like quartz and feldspar), finer than ø=8 (comparatively rich in TiO2, MnO, MgO, Fe2O3, mostly related to “mafic” sheet silicates like biotite and chlorite), and intermediate grains sizes (4≤ø <8; comparatively rich in P2O5 and CaO, related to apatite, some feldspar). To further test the absence of chemical weathering, the observed compositions were regressed against three explanatory variables: a trend on grain size in ø scale, a step function for ø≥4, and another for ø≥8. The original hypothesis was that the trend could be identified with weathering effects, whereas each step function would highlight those minerals with biggest characteristic size at its lower end. Results suggest that this assumption is reasonable for the step function, but that besides weathering some other factors (different mechanical behavior of minerals) have also an important contribution to the trend. Key words: sediment, geochemistry, grain size, regression, step function

La predicci??n del rendimiento acad??mico : regresi??n lineal versus regresi??n log??stica

Resumen de los autores. Res??menes en espa??ol e ingl??s

Recovering Euclidean deformable models from stereo-motion

In this paper we present a novel structure from motion (SfM) approach able to infer 3D deformable models from uncalibrated stereo images. Using a stereo setup dramatically improves the 3D model estimation when the observed 3D shape is mostly deforming without undergoing strong rigid motion. Our approach first calibrates the stereo system automatically and then computes a single metric rigid structure for each frame. Afterwards, these 3D shapes are aligned to a reference view using a RANSAC method in order to compute the mean shape of the object and to select the subset of points on the object which have remained rigid throughout the sequence without deforming. The selected rigid points are then used to compute frame-wise shape registration and to extract the motion parameters robustly from frame to frame. Finally, all this information is used in a global optimization stage with bundle adjustment which allows to refine the frame-wise initial solution and also to recover the non-rigid 3D model. We show results on synthetic and real data that prove the performance of the proposed method even when there is no rigid motion in the original sequence

Visual SLAM for underwater vehicles using video velocity log and natural landmarks

A visual SLAM system has been implemented and optimised for real-time deployment on an AUV equipped with calibrated stereo cameras. The system incorporates a novel approach to landmark description in which landmarks are local sub maps that consist of a cloud of 3D points and their associated SIFT/SURF descriptors. Landmarks are also sparsely distributed which simplifies and accelerates data association and map updates. In addition to landmark-based localisation the system utilises visual odometry to estimate the pose of the vehicle in 6 degrees of freedom by identifying temporal matches between consecutive local sub maps and computing the motion. Both the extended Kalman filter and unscented Kalman filter have been considered for filtering the observations. The output of the filter is also smoothed using the Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) method to obtain a better alignment of the sequence of local sub maps and to deliver a large-scale 3D acquisition of the surveyed area. Synthetic experiments have been performed using a simulation environment in which ray tracing is used to generate synthetic images for the stereo system

REFLECTIVE LOG ENTRY 1

One working day: Reflection on practice: facilitating an occupational therapy student.

Análisis y aplicación del modelo log-linear a la investigación educativa.

Analizar el modelo log-linear y sus posibilidades de aplicación en la investigación educativa. Al mismo tiempo se hace un estudio de un medio didáctico: el libro de texto, analizando su relación con la función docente del profesor. 308 profesores de EGB de las dos provincias canarias. El muestreo fue ocasional. Se trata de un diseño ex post facto. Se procedió a la aplicación piloto de un cuestionario en una muestra reducida y a su análisis por parte de un grupo de expertos. Después de las modificaciones oportunas, se procedió a su aplicación final con la colaboración de diversos encuestadores para su distribución y recogida. Las variables principales fueron las siguientes. Rreferidas al profesor: años de experiencia, grado de dependencia del libro de texto y ciclo. Referidas a medios didácticos: frecuencia de uso, razones de uso, finalidad didáctica y dimensiones más valoradas para la enseñanza. Cuestionario 'Uso de medios en la enseñanza'. No existe entre el profesorado, considerado globalmente, una tendencia mayoritaria por la dependencia e independencia hacia el libro de texto. Los profesores veteranos tienden a ser dependientes del libro de texto. El resto de los profesores no se inclinan por la dependencia o independencia. La relación del texto con los programas oficiales sólo es valorada por los profesores del ciclo medio. La dimensión curricular centrada en la metodología que más importancia merece son las actividades que propone el texto, seguida del planteamiento metodológico que se desprende de la guía didáctica. La dimensión más valorada es la adecuación del texto, seguida del planteamiento metodológico que se desprende de la guía didáctica. La dimensión más valorada es la adecuación del texto al nivel de conocimientos de los alumnos. Le sigue en importancia el lenguaje utilizado y, finalmente, los aspectos formales del texto (colorido, tamaño, ilustraciones, etc.). Se pone de manifiesto el papel del libro de texto como un medio destinado básicamente a uso del alumnado. Su uso para el profesor se limita a servir de apoyo en sus explicaciones, en tanto que motivar y evaluar el aprendizaje son funciones con las cuales parece incompatible el uso del libro de texto. El análisis log-linear constituye un poderoso instrumento de análisis de variables nominales, con un grado de sofisticación estadística solo disponible hasta ahora para variables continuas. La abundancia de variables nominales en la investigación educativa, le hace especialmente apropiado para nuestro campo. Las ventajas del análisis log-linear dependen de: la naturaleza de las variables, mínimo número de categorías si se incluyen datos continuos, puntos de corte, estrategias de muestreo, etc. Sigue sin disponerse de criterios claros con respecto al tamaño de la muestra y la interpretación de la intensidad de los parámetros. Tampoco se ha desarrollado un sistema de representación gráfica con esta técnica de análisis.

Children born preterm have high risk for central auditory processing deficits, as indexed by the auditory brain event-related potentials (ERPs). 'Los niños prematuros tienen un alto riesgo de dificultades en el procesamiento auditivo central, evidenciadas mediante los potenciales evocados auditivos'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación. Resumen en español

C??mo obtener un Modelo de Regresi??n Log??stica Binaria con SPSS

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Un modelo de regresi??n log??stica asim??trico que puede explicar la probabilidad de ??xito en el rendimiento acad??mico

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts with the statistical average of orbital-dependent model potentials in Kohn-Sham density functional theory

The performance of the SAOP potential for the calculation of NMR chemical shifts was evaluated. SAOP results show considerable improvement with respect to previous potentials, like VWN or BP86, at least for the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine chemical shifts. Furthermore, a few NMR calculations carried out on third period atoms (S, P, and Cl) improved when using the SAOP potential

A study of cochlear potentials

This paper is a review of the electrophysiology of the cochlea and the auditory nerve--the behavior of the acting potential, the cochlear microphonics and the summating potential under identical conditions.

Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) using air conducted sound: Effect of body position on threshold

The primary objective of this research study is to determine if various body positions for ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) testing demonstrate differentiation of the saccule and utricle through threshold responses.