La formación de hábitos como teoría educativa.

Reflexionar sobre el hombre desde la perspectiva de los hábitos. Hábitos y educación. Ensayo filosófico-antropológico. Fuentes: obras de Santo Tomás de Aquino y bibliografía de referencia. Ensayo. La función primordial del hábito consiste en liberar las energías del sujeto y responder a las motivaciones básicas del hombre. La educación debe procurar el pleno uso de la inteligencia en el proceso de formación de los hábitos. La teoría de los hábitos iniciada por Aristóteles es una hipótesis teórica capaz de dar una explicación unitaria y coherente a los hallazgos sobre el comportamiento humano, tanto individual como social, establecidos por las ciencias humanas.

Problemática didáctica del aprendizaje de las ciencias experimentales.

Análisis científico-didáctico sobre tres tópicos importantes en la enseñanza de las ciencias, como son: el calor y la temperatura, la electricidad y los alimentos y la digestión. Análisis conceptual de cada tema en cuestión, revisión de las preconcepciones de los alumnos y consideraciones didácticas tomando como referencia el constructivismo, elaborando así una propuesta didáctica. Propuesta didáctica para el aprendizaje de las ciencias experimentales: calor, electricidad y digestión. En cada uno de los casos presentados se procede de la siguiente manera: análisis científico de los contenidos y elaboración de mapas conceptuales; análisis de la problemática didáctica situando como eje central del mismo las ideas de los alumnos (preconcepciones) y las aportaciones del constructivismo al aprendizaje de las ciencias (orientación, explicitación, reestructuración, aplicación y revisión). Investigación aplicada. La enseñanza de las ciencias tiene una finalidad teleológica y un análisis científico correcto y una formación amplia no lleva a una única propuesta en el aula: muchas veces la naturaleza de la materia, las características de los alumnos o el pensamiento del profesor producen respuestas diferentes, aun dentro del mismo marco conceptual.

Análisis de la eficacia de un programa de inteligencia emocional con profesores de Badajoz y Castelo Branco

Resumen basado en el de la publicación. Resumen en inglés

Derechos de participación y derecho a participar

La participación en la Constitución de 2008 es un elemento fundamental de la organización estatal, pero los instrumentos participativos no son suficientes para concretarla. No se toma en cuenta que el espacio participativo no puede nacer desde las leyes sino a partir de formas de acción política que modifiquen los esquemas tradicionales de toma de decisiones. Se confunde el espacio de lo público con el estatal, la estructura participativa no es otra cosa que aparato de estado. La experiencia: participación vigente en el papel; temas de interés colectivo pasan por la representación o la protesta (casos de trampolín político); nuevas leyes con la falta de participación; y fortalecimiento de un poder personal y autoritario, que no deja espacio para ejercicios democráticos o participativos.

Archaeological evidence for the first Mesolithic occupation of the Western Isles of Scotland

The examination of eroding coastal dunes at the prehistoric site of Northton, Harris, has produced the first archaeological evidence of Mesolithic activity in the Western Isles in the form of two midden-related deposits. The first phase of Mesolithic activity is dated to 7060-6650 cal. Bc based on AMS dating of charred hazelnut shells. This discovery appears to validate the frequent pollen-based inferences of Mesolithic impact for the area and, as predicted, allows the Atlantic fringe of Scotland to become part of the European Mesolithic mainstream. A detailed pedological analysis also suggests that these early midden layers may have been amended during the Neolithic period as part of a possible phase of cultivation.

The rise and fall of open solar flux during the current grand solar maximum

We use geomagnetic activity data to study the rise and fall over the past century of the solar wind flow speed VSW, the interplanetary magnetic field strength B, and the open solar flux FS. Our estimates include allowance for the kinematic effect of longitudinal structure in the solar wind flow speed. As well as solar cycle variations, all three parameters show a long-term rise during the first half of the 20th century followed by peaks around 1955 and 1986 and then a recent decline. Cosmogenic isotope data reveal that this constitutes a grand maximum of solar activity which began in 1920, using the definition that such grand maxima are when 25-year averages of the heliospheric modulation potential exceeds 600 MV. Extrapolating the linear declines seen in all three parameters since 1985, yields predictions that the grand maximum will end in the years 2013, 2014, or 2027 using VSW, FS, or B, respectively. These estimates are consistent with predictions based on the probability distribution of the durations of past grand solar maxima seen in cosmogenic isotope data. The data contradict any suggestions of a floor to the open solar flux: we show that the solar minimum open solar flux, kinematically corrected to allow for the excess flux effect, has halved over the past two solar cycles.

Dimensions of logarithmic quantities

Comment on the article by Philip Molyneux on "The Dimensions of Logarithmic Quantities" [J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 467-4691].

Alkene-arene meta photocycloadditions with a four-carbon-atom tether: efficient approach toward the polycyclic ring systems of aphidicolin and stemodinone

At the end of its tether! The fusion of a six-membered ring onto the four-carbon-atom tether of substrate 1 provides an efficient approach toward the polycyclic ring systems of the natural products aphidicolin and stemodinone. The reaction represents a unique example of a preference for product formation from an endo exciplex in an intramolecular system (exo:endo 2:3=1.0:1.2).

Predictions of some product parameters based on the processing conditions of ultra-high-temperature milk plants

The temperature-time profiles of 22 Australian industrial ultra-high-temperature (UHT) plants and 3 pilot plants, using both indirect and direct heating, were surveyed. From these data, the operating parameters of each plant, the chemical index C*, the bacteriological index B* and the predicted changes in the levels of beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, lactulose, furosine and browning were determined using a simulation program based on published formulae and reaction kinetics data. There was a wide spread of heating conditions used, some of which resulted in a large margin of bacteriological safety and high chemical indices. However, no conditions were severe enough to cause browning during processing. The data showed a clear distinction between the indirect and direct heating plants. They also indicated that degree of denaturation of alpha-lactalbumin varied over a wide range and may be a useful discriminatory index of heat treatment. Application of the program to pilot plants illustrated its value in determining processing conditions in these plants to simulate the conditions in industrial UHT plants. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Can a short period of micronutrient supplementation in older institutionalized people improve response to influenza vaccine? A randomized, controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that a micronutrient supplement can improve seroconversion after influenza immunization in older institutionalized people. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Nursing and residential homes in Liverpool, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty-four residents aged 60 and older from 31 homes were initially randomized; of these, 119 (72.6%) completed the study. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized to receive a micronutrient supplement providing the reference nutrient intake for all vitamins and trace elements or identical placebo. Tablets were taken over an 8-week period during September and October 2000; influenza vaccine was administered 4 weeks after their commencement. MEASUREMENTS: The hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody response as defined by a fourfold or greater titer rise over 4 weeks and assessed separately for each of the three antigens contained in the 2000/2001 influenza vaccine (A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2), B/Beijing/184/93 (B)). RESULTS: Despite a significant increase in serum concentrations of vitamins A, C, D-3, E, folate, and selenium in the supplemented group, there was no significant difference between groups (supplemented vs placebo, respectively) in the proportion of participants seroconverting to H1N1 (41% vs 49%, P=.374), H3N2 (49% vs 58%, P=.343), or B (41% vs 40%, P=.944). CONCLUSION: A micronutrient supplement providing the reference nutrient intake administered over 8 weeks had no beneficial effect on antibody response to influenza vaccine in older people living in long-term care.