1000 resultados para  Persones grans - Aspectes psicològics


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Olive oil decreases the risk of CVD. This effect may be due to the fatty acid profile of the oil, but it may also be due to its antioxidant content which differs depending on the type of olive oil. In this study, the concentrations of oleic acid and antioxidants (phenolic compounds and vitamin E) in plasma and LDL were compared after consumption of three similar olive oils, but with differences in their phenolic content. Thirty healthy volunteers participated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover, randomized supplementation trial. Virgin, common, and refined olive oils were administered during three periods of 3 weeks separated by a 2-week washout period. Participants were requested to ingest a daily dose of 25 ml raw olive oil, distributed over the three meals of the day, during intervention periods. All three olive oils caused an increase in plasma and LDL oleic acid (P,0·05) content. Olive oils rich in phenolic compounds led to an increase in phenolic compounds in LDL (P,0·005). The concentration of phenolic compounds in LDL was directly correlated with the phenolic concentration in the olive oils. The increase in the phenolic content of LDL could account for the increase of the resistance of LDL to oxidation, and the decrease of the in vivo oxidized LDL, observed in the frame of this trial. Our results support the hypothesis that a daily intake of virgin olive oil promotes protective LDL changes ahead of its oxidation.

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La comunicació consisteix en una anàlisi dels efectes de la crisi sobre les persones grans a partir de l’exploració de dades estadístiques i d’un ampli treball de camp qualitatiu fet amb persones grans durant l’any 2013. S’elabora al seu torn una tipologia temptativa d’impactes de la crisi en aquest grup, discutint com s’insereixen aquests canvis en les trajectòries de vida i les xarxes socials de la gent gran, quins són els elements que generen una major vulnerabilitat i, finalment, en quina mesura les alteracions econòmiques produïdes per la crisi es tradueixen també en transformacions en el seu rol econòmic, social i familiar.

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Les persones compartim amb la resta d’ésser vius el fet de néixer, de créixer i de reproduir-nos, però, l’etapa de la mort la obviem o l’intentem amagar. Quan ens referim a les persones, parlem de l’última etapa del cicle vital anomenant-la vellesa, excloent així la mort de les etapes que formen el cicle. Punto de encuentro és un documental que parla d’aquesta etapa, de la vellesa, de com és viscuda, amb quines sensacions s’hi arriba, quin és el balanç o la reflexió que fan els avis quan ja han viscut tants anys i han acumulat tantes experiències. S’hi inclouen molts temes, la política, la soledat, la tristesa, les coses bones que té estar jubilat, com és el dia a dia d’una persona gran quan viu tota sola, els records de temps passats. Tot això ho podrem descobrir al documental a través del punt de vista i la pròpia experiència l’experiència dels protagonistes de Punto de encuentro: la Maria, el Bernabé, la Paquita i l’Albino.

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Population ageing brings new challenges to long-term household economic decisions. In the event of old-age dependency, housing assets become a key self-insurance device. However, little empirical evidence has been reported regarding an individual"s expectations of having to use their housing wealth for such a purpose. This paper draws upon two complementary data sources to empirically examine: (1) the influence of housing assets on an individual"s willingness-to-sell (WTS) their dwelling for care purposes, and (2) the willingness to take out a reverse mortgage contract loan in the event of old-age dependency. The paper"s findings suggest that homeowners" WTS in old age is unaffected by their income or housing assets and is, rather, determined by socio-environmental housing characteristics and the individual"s health and personal needs. Conversely, the study finds that the uptake of home reversion loans is largely dependent on income or education, but not on a household"s housing assets.

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Las diferencias entre municipios rurales y urbanos definen escenarios diferentes donde las personas mayores se enfrentan a necesidades también diferentes. En general, la falta de estudios sobre el envejecimiento entendido como un reto y que, además, asuman la variabilidad del proceso, pone al descubierto la necesidad particular de investigaciones que busquen comprender cómo viven los mayores en entornos como el rural. Este artículo describe nuestra experiencia investigadora en un municipio de la Comarca del Alt Empordà, Cataluña, España. El objetivo principal era entender a las personas mayores establecidas en entornos rurales a través de las situaciones de su vida cotidiana, identificar sus necesidades, contribuir a su autonomía funcional y elaborar propuestas de intervención. La muestra la formaron las 223 personas mayores residentes en el municipio de Peralada y Vilanova de la Muga. Los datos se recogieron utilizando los cuestionarios de Barber, Pfeifer y Barthel, y se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados proporcionan cinco claves relevantes al plantear intervenciones en el contexto rural. Básicamente, la intervención profesional en este ámbito debe ir orientada a mantener y fortalecer las redes de apoyo naturales funcionales en el territorio

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We describe a community intervention program performed in three rural villages in the Alt Empordà region (Girona province). The study provides data on the services available to the elderly in a specific context, based on an initiative proposed by the villages, the local councils, and the elderly themselves. The program is a research-action plan which applies the participative and qualitative methodology characteristic of strategic planning. The study analyses how the initiative arose, the description of the process, and the different parts of the intervention program

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Fundamentos: Con la edad avanzada se producen cambios en la microflora intestinal que pueden afectar al estado de salud general. En este trabajo analizamos el efecto de Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315/7316 sobre la regulación del tránsito intestinal y el estado nutricional. Métodos: Hemos realizado un estudio clínico dobleciego, controlado por placebo y aleatorizado. Hemos evaluado la evolución de la frecuencia de defecación semanal y los niveles en sangre de proteínas totales, albúmina,colesterol y proteína C-reactiva. Resultados: Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315/7316 ayuda a regular el tránsito intestinal y mejora el estado nutricional en personas mayores. Conclusiones: El consumo de productos funcionales que contengan L. plantarum CECT 7315/7316 mejora la calidad de vida de personas de la tercera edad.

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The aim of this study is to examine the lifestyle characteristics and health status of the elderly in order to identify aspects that might help promote active ageing. Participants were 26 elderly citizens aged 75 or over who were the recipients of home care services in Vilafranca del Penedès (Barcelona, Spain). They were recruited by means of convenience sampling, and a case study approach was adopted. Fieldwork was conducted in April 2007, with a specially designed questionnaire administered in the context of an in-depth interview. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS 15, while qualitative data were analysed and grouped by category. The results indicated that 53.8% of the elderly interviewees perceived their health status as being regular, most did not have adequate nutrition and hydration, while 42.3% had chewing problems and 65.3% presented slight dependence. Most of them received visits at home, but did not go on leisure outings. The only exercise they took was walking. These findings highlight the need to promote and strengthen activities for healthy ageing, and to ensure that people over 75 receive adequate care. Programmes should be implemented to improve those aspects that are currently under-addressed.

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The aim of this study is to examine the lifestyle characteristics and health status of the elderly in order to identify aspects that might help promote active ageing. Participants were 26 elderly citizens aged 75 or over who were the recipients of home care services in Vilafranca del Penedès (Barcelona, Spain). They were recruited by means of convenience sampling, and a case study approach was adopted. Fieldwork was conducted in April 2007, with a specially designed questionnaire administered in the context of an in-depth interview. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS 15, while qualitative data were analysed and grouped by category. The results indicated that 53.8% of the elderly interviewees perceived their health status as being regular, most did not have adequate nutrition and hydration, while 42.3% had chewing problems and 65.3% presented slight dependence. Most of them received visits at home, but did not go on leisure outings. The only exercise they took was walking. These findings highlight the need to promote and strengthen activities for healthy ageing, and to ensure that people over 75 receive adequate care. Programmes should be implemented to improve those aspects that are currently under-addressed.

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The aim of this study is to examine the lifestyle characteristics and health status of the elderly in order to identify aspects that might help promote active ageing. Participants were 26 elderly citizens aged 75 or over who were the recipients of home care services in Vilafranca del Penedès (Barcelona, Spain). They were recruited by means of convenience sampling, and a case study approach was adopted. Fieldwork was conducted in April 2007, with a specially designed questionnaire administered in the context of an in-depth interview. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS 15, while qualitative data were analysed and grouped by category. The results indicated that 53.8% of the elderly interviewees perceived their health status as being regular, most did not have adequate nutrition and hydration, while 42.3% had chewing problems and 65.3% presented slight dependence. Most of them received visits at home, but did not go on leisure outings. The only exercise they took was walking. These findings highlight the need to promote and strengthen activities for healthy ageing, and to ensure that people over 75 receive adequate care. Programmes should be implemented to improve those aspects that are currently under-addressed.

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En los últimos 50 años se han producido importantes cambios en el patrón epidemiológico. El aumento de la esperanza de vida y el descenso de la natalidad han originado un envejecimiento de la población y una mayor prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas. Aunque el envejecimiento es un fenómeno universal, en España, se está produciendo a una velocidad mayor que en otros países. Se espera que la población mayor de 80 años aumente su tamaño en un 66% entre 1986 y 2010. La mayor parte de los cuidados que necesitan las personas con enfermedades crónicas o invalidez, se dispensan en el núcleo familiar y aunque desde la década de los 80 se observa una mayor preocupación por los cuidadores informales no existe un sistema de apoyo institucional eficaz. A través de una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos 5 años, se analiza la situación actual en nuestro país y se reflexiona sobre el futuro de estos cuidados, debido a los cambios profundos que se están produciendo en las formas de vida de la familia. También se hace hincapié en las repercusiones físicas, psicológicas y sociales que tiene el hecho de cuidar para el cuidador principal y sobre el proceso de atención a la familia que deberían desarrollar los profesionales, especialmente la enfermera.

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En los últimos 50 años se han producido importantes cambios en el patrón epidemiológico. El aumento de la esperanza de vida y el descenso de la natalidad han originado un envejecimiento de la población y una mayor prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas. Aunque el envejecimiento es un fenómeno universal, en España, se está produciendo a una velocidad mayor que en otros países. Se espera que la población mayor de 80 años aumente su tamaño en un 66% entre 1986 y 2010. La mayor parte de los cuidados que necesitan las personas con enfermedades crónicas o invalidez, se dispensan en el núcleo familiar y aunque desde la década de los 80 se observa una mayor preocupación por los cuidadores informales no existe un sistema de apoyo institucional eficaz. A través de una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos 5 años, se analiza la situación actual en nuestro país y se reflexiona sobre el futuro de estos cuidados, debido a los cambios profundos que se están produciendo en las formas de vida de la familia. También se hace hincapié en las repercusiones físicas, psicológicas y sociales que tiene el hecho de cuidar para el cuidador principal y sobre el proceso de atención a la familia que deberían desarrollar los profesionales, especialmente la enfermera.

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Study of the changes in health habits of 105 cancer patients’ relatives and close friends after the diagnosis. The aim is to try to verify whether the knowledge of the disease has got some impact in the modification of their life styles. The emotional alterations influence in this change of behaviour has been analysed futhermore. An interview of own creation and HADS (Anxiety Hospital and Depression Scale of Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) instrument, in a Spanish and a Catalan version, were used with this aim. The results show that 21.1% of the participants presented positive changes in their health habits after the diagnosis of the relative or close friend and 11.5% showed negative changes. In relation to the role of the emotions, averages of anxiety (14,33; d.t.=4,98) and depressive (10,17; d.t.=4,93) symptoms were higher in those subjects who made negative changes than in those who did not make any change (9,32; d.t.=5,37 and 6,33; d.t.=4,64). In addition, the youngest participants, with more depressive symptoms and who visit the subject more often, are those who become more assets modifying health habits. The results suggest that emotional alterations, mainly depressive symptoms, are associated with negative change and, therefore, it would be suitable to lend some type of attention to these alterations in the population studied with the purpose of improving their present and future health

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El siguiente estudio de investigación se plantea en los CAP de la ciudad de Lleida. Una vez cumplimentadas las encuestas realizadas expresamente para el estudio a 450 personas mayores de 65 años con estreñimiento y no institucionalizados, se crearán los grupos control y de intervención con una muestra de (N=168) participantes. El protocolo será: a) Grupo de control: grupo cegado que continuará con el tratamiento convencional, se reunirá una vez al mes durante los 4 meses para realizar un seguimiento controlado. b) Grupo de intervención: se le educará con un programa de masaje abdominal, sesión una vez por semana durante los 4 meses que dure la intervención. En este trabajo se pretende determinar la efectividad de la educación sanitaria del masaje abdominal en atención primaria en pacientes ancianos no institucionalizados. La metodología que se ha utilizado ha sido a través de una revisión sistemática en la base de datos Medline, PEDro, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Dialnet y Wiley Online Library de estudios publicados entre 1999 y 2014 de lengua inglesa o española, realizados sobre sujetos diagnosticados de estreñimiento.