Evanescent Wave Fibre Optic Sensors for Trace Analysis of Fe3+ in Water

In this communication, we discuss the details of fabricating an off-line fibre optic sensor (FOS) based on evanescent wave absorption for detecting trace amounts of Fe3+ in water. Two types of FOS are developed; one type uses the unclad portion of a multimode silica fibre as the sensing region whereas the other employs the microbent portion of a multimode plastic fibre as the sensing region. Sensing is performed by measuring the absorption of the evanescent wave in a reagent medium surrounding the sensing region. To evaluate the relative merits of the two types of FOS in Fe3+ sensing, a comparative study of the sensors is made, which reveals the superiority of the latter in many respects, such as smaller sensing length, use of a double detection scheme (for detecting both core and cladding modes) and higher sensitivity of cladding mode detection at an intermediate range of concentration along with the added advantage that plastic fibres are inexpensive. A detection limit of 1 ppb is observed in both types of fibre and the range of detection can be as large as 1 ppb–50 ppm. All the measurements are carried out using a LabVIEW set-up.

Evanescent wave fibre optic sensors for trace analysis of Fe3+ in water

In this communication, we discuss the details of fabricating an off-line fibre optic sensor (FOS) based on evanescent wave absorption for detecting trace amounts of Fe3+ in water. Two types of FOS are developed; one type uses the unclad portion of a multimode silica fibre as the sensing region whereas the other employs the microbent portion of a multimode plastic fibre as the sensing region. Sensing is performed by measuring the absorption of the evanescent wave in a reagent medium surrounding the sensing region. To evaluate the relative merits of the two types of FOS in Fe3+ sensing, a comparative study of the sensors is made, which reveals the superiority of the latter in many respects, such as smaller sensing length, use of a double detection scheme (for detecting both core and cladding modes) and higher sensitivity of cladding mode detection at an intermediate range of concentration along with the added advantage that plastic fibres are inexpensive. A detection limit of 1 ppb is observed in both types of fibre and the range of detection can be as large as 1 ppb–50 ppm. All the measurements are carried out using a LabVIEW set-up.

Evanescent wave fibre optic sensors for trace analysis of Fe3+ in water

In this communication, we discuss the details of fabricating an off-line fibre optic sensor (FOS) based on evanescent wave absorption for detecting trace amounts of Fe3+ in water. Two types of FOS are developed; one type uses the unclad portion of a multimode silica fibre as the sensing region whereas the other employs the microbent portion of a multimode plastic fibre as the sensing region. Sensing is performed by measuring the absorption of the evanescent wave in a reagent medium surrounding the sensing region. To evaluate the relative merits of the two types of FOS in Fe3+ sensing, a comparative study of the sensors is made, which reveals the superiority of the latter in many respects, such as smaller sensing length, use of a double detection scheme (for detecting both core and cladding modes) and higher sensitivity of cladding mode detection at an intermediate range of concentration along with the added advantage that plastic fibres are inexpensive. A detection limit of 1 ppb is observed in both types of fibre and the range of detection can be as large as 1 ppb–50 ppm. All the measurements are carried out using a LabVIEW set-up.

Evanescent wave fibre optic sensors for trace analysis of Fe3+ in water

In this communication, we discuss the details of fabricating an off-line fibre optic sensor (FOS) based on evanescent wave absorption for detecting trace amounts of Fe3+ in water. Two types of FOS are developed; one type uses the unclad portion of a multimode silica fibre as the sensing region whereas the other employs the microbent portion of a multimode plastic fibre as the sensing region. Sensing is performed by measuring the absorption of the evanescent wave in a reagent medium surrounding the sensing region. To evaluate the relative merits of the two types of FOS in Fe3+ sensing, a comparative study of the sensors is made, which reveals the superiority of the latter in many respects, such as smaller sensing length, use of a double detection scheme (for detecting both core and cladding modes) and higher sensitivity of cladding mode detection at an intermediate range of concentration along with the added advantage that plastic fibres are inexpensive. A detection limit of 1 ppb is observed in both types of fibre and the range of detection can be as large as 1 ppb–50 ppm. All the measurements are carried out using a LabVIEW set-up.

A fibre optic evanescent wave sensor used for the detection of trace nitrites in water

A fibre optic technique for detecting trace amounts of nitrite compounds in water is described. The off-line fibre optic sensor outlined here is based on evanescent field absorption in a test solution formed by the reaction of nitrite compounds in water with suitable chemical reagents. A short unclad portion of a plastic clad silica fibre acts as the sensing region. The experimental results clearly establish the usefulness of the present technique for detecting very low concentrations of the order of 1 ppb (parts per billion) of nitrite compounds with a large dynamic range of 1–1000 ppb. Such a high sensitivity enables the present device to be used for measuring the nitrite content in drinking water.

A storage scheme for an automated archive

Presentation given at the Al-Azhar Engineering First Conference, AEC’89, Dec. 9-12 1989, Cairo, Egypt. The paper presented at AEC'89 suggests an infinite storage scheme divided into one volume which is online and an arbitrary number of off-line volumes arranged into a linear chain which hold records which haven't been accessed recently. The online volume holds the records in sorted order (e.g. as a B-tree) and contains shortest prefixes of keys of records already pushed offline. As new records enter, older ones are retired to the first volume which is going offline next. Statistical arguments are given for the rate at which an off-line volume needs to be fetched to reload a record which had been retired before. The rate depends on the distribution of access probabilities as a function of time. Applications are medical records, production records or other data which need to be kept for a long time for legal reasons.

Achieving Real-Time Mode Estimation through Offline Compilation

As exploration of our solar system and outerspace move into the future, spacecraft are being developed to venture on increasingly challenging missions with bold objectives. The spacecraft tasked with completing these missions are becoming progressively more complex. This increases the potential for mission failure due to hardware malfunctions and unexpected spacecraft behavior. A solution to this problem lies in the development of an advanced fault management system. Fault management enables spacecraft to respond to failures and take repair actions so that it may continue its mission. The two main approaches developed for spacecraft fault management have been rule-based and model-based systems. Rules map sensor information to system behaviors, thus achieving fast response times, and making the actions of the fault management system explicit. These rules are developed by having a human reason through the interactions between spacecraft components. This process is limited by the number of interactions a human can reason about correctly. In the model-based approach, the human provides component models, and the fault management system reasons automatically about system wide interactions and complex fault combinations. This approach improves correctness, and makes explicit the underlying system models, whereas these are implicit in the rule-based approach. We propose a fault detection engine, Compiled Mode Estimation (CME) that unifies the strengths of the rule-based and model-based approaches. CME uses a compiled model to determine spacecraft behavior more accurately. Reasoning related to fault detection is compiled in an off-line process into a set of concurrent, localized diagnostic rules. These are then combined on-line along with sensor information to reconstruct the diagnosis of the system. These rules enable a human to inspect the diagnostic consequences of CME. Additionally, CME is capable of reasoning through component interactions automatically and still provide fast and correct responses. The implementation of this engine has been tested against the NEAR spacecraft advanced rule-based system, resulting in detection of failures beyond that of the rules. This evolution in fault detection will enable future missions to explore the furthest reaches of the solar system without the burden of human intervention to repair failed components.

MapFish. A WebGIS 2.0 Framework: toolkit to build rich client WebGIS

MapFish is an open-source development framework for building webmapping applications. MapFish is based on the OpenLayers API and the Geo extension of Ext library, and extends the Pylons general-purpose web development framework with geo-specific functionnalities. This presentation first describes what the MapFish development framework provides and how it can help developers implement rich web-mapping applications. It then demonstrates through real web-mapping realizations what can be achieved using MapFish : Geo Business Intelligence applications, 2D/3D data visualization, on/off line data edition, advanced vectorial print functionnalities, advanced administration suite to build WebGIS applications from scratch, etc. In particular, the web-mapping application for the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and a Regional Spatial Data Infrastructure will be demonstrated

Fictional characters' emotional state representation : What is its degree of specificity?

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Graphical simulators for AUV development

A long development time is needed from the design to the implementation of an AUV. During the first steps, simulation plays an important role, since it allows for the development of preliminary versions of the control system to be integrated. Once the robot is ready, the control systems are implemented, tuned and tested. The use of a real-time simulator can help closing the gap between off-line simulation and real testing using the already implemented robot. When properly interfaced with the robot hardware, a real-time graphical simulation with a "hardware in the loop" configuration, can allow for the testing of the implemented control system running in the actual robot hardware. Hence, the development time is drastically reduced. These paper overviews the field of graphical simulators used for AUV development proposing a classification. It also presents NEPTUNE, a multi-vehicle, real-time, graphical simulator based on OpenGL that allows hardware in the loop simulations

Animación a la lectura-escritura desde Internet.

El uso de Internet en las aulas debe estar claramente justificado y programado, se debe llenar de contenido. Internet es un excelente vehículo para publicar y transmitir los trabajos y/o opiniones de los alumnos y alumnas. Las actividades han de estar bien planificadas y el material preparado previamente: instalación de las comunicaciones, la intranet, el menú de navegación, las direcciones que se van a visitar, qué esperamos encontrar y cómo se se va a participar. Algunas de las actividades que se pueden realizar son las siguientes: 1. Leer en Internet: leer como placer, disfrutar e la lectura, de las animaciones, los efectos. Con lecturas selectivas, elegidas previamente, ya sean direcciones seleccionadas, ya sean con conexión off-line. 2.Uso del correo electrónico para intercambios lingüísticos, culturales, así como para búsqueda y/o solicitud de información, textual, gráfica, etc. 3. Realización de trabajos de investigación usando los recursos existentes en la red. 4. Publicación de trabajos, participando incluso en concursos o premios, de cualquier edad. 5. Trabajos con la prensa diaria desde cualquier área y con todos los servicios de ésta desde la Red. 6. usar textos de la red en formato impreso para traducciones, análisis, estudio, etc. 7. Viajar por el mundo, conocer distintas culturas y características. 8. realización de proyectos en colaboración con otros centros 9. Traducciones desde documentos o usando servicios de la red. .

Auto-regulación académica y profesorado : estudio de una experiencia de formación.

Conseguir que los alumnos sean aprendices auto-regulados (aprendizaje significativo y auto-regulado en los alumnos). La auto-regulación académica es esencial para que los alumnos exploten toda su potencialidad, para que adopten actitudes positivas, motivadores y críticas hacia el aprendizaje, y para que sean ellos mismos los maestros de su propio desarrollo y realización. Se estudia sobre el eje de diferentes experiencias de formación desarrolladas por el propio equipo para preparar a profesores para intervenir con este tipo de alumnado. Se trata de un modelo de actuación para ejercitar las habilidades de lecto-escritura desde un enfoque auto-regulatorio y, por lo tanto, plantea la intervención teniendo en cuenta las tres fases del sistema cíclico de autorregulación que es: planificación, control del rendimiento y auto-reflexión, e incidiendo en la mayoría de los procesos correspondientes a cada una de estas fases: establecimiento de metas, planificación estratégica, auto-control, auto-evaluación, proceso de adaptación, entre otras. El método empírico, se basa en estudiantes del último curso de la carrera de Psicología y estudiantes del segundo curso de la carrera de Logopedia, en total fueron 13 participantes. Las sesiones estan grabadas por un mp3 o una grabadora digital. El conocimiento de las prácticas, y, especialmente, de las dificultades surgidas en éstas, hizo que en esta experiencia las tutoras puedan conectar mejor con las necesidades de los instructores y así, proporcionar una ayuda más acertad. Una ayuda que empieza en el mismo curso inicial anticipándo de estas dificultades con las que se iban a encontrar, y que continua en las sesiones de tutoría reconduciendo a reflexionar sobre las mismas. No obstante, lo más llamativo radica en que este conocimiento previo de las prácticas fue suficiente para conectar con las teorías en uso de los instructores de la condición off line, y para conseguir con ellos el mismo nivel de reflexión que con los de la condición on line. Prueba de ello es que ambos grupos de participantes presentan similares patrones de actuación.

El contrato de prestación de servicios de certificación reconocida de firma electrónica

El objetivo primordial de la presente investigación, reside en identificar el régimen jurídico del contrato por el cual se modulan los servicios de certificación reconocida de firma electrónica entre empresarios, es decir, el titular de firma electrónica reconocida (Firmante/Suscriptor) y el prestador de servicios de certificación (PSC), de conformidad con la legislación española y comunitaria europea. A objeto de identificar sus características esenciales, la naturaleza jurídica, el contenido contractual así como la disciplina normativa que resulta aplicable a este negocio jurídico, nuestro estudio ha sido fragmentado en cinco Capítulos. Iniciamos el Capítulo Primero exponiendo las nociones generales así como los antecedentes históricos, técnicos y legislativos que hacen al negocio jurídico objeto de estudio, pasando inmediatamente después a describir la función económica que éste cumple. Luego, en una aproximación preliminar bosquejaremos su definición inicial, diferenciándolo de otros contratos de certificación especiales, para culminar efectuando una descripción de la práctica habitual de la certificación reconocida, delimitando de entrada el contenido del contrato que se ha tomado en cuenta para nuestra investigación. Posteriormente en el Capítulo Segundo concebimos el concepto del contrato que nos ocupa, identificando los caracteres particulares que denota, lo que finalmente nos permitirá establecer su naturaleza jurídica. A poco, nos detendremos en la tarea de identificar el marco legal en que se desenvuelve la certificación reconocida, determinando la normativa que le resulta aplicable y describiendo el modo en que se produce su integración en el contrato. El Capítulo Tercero se ha destinado para el análisis de los elementos subjetivos (determinando los requisitos de capacidad del PSC, Firmante/Suscriptor y el Usuario verificador del certificado reconocido), los elementos objetivos (Certificado reconocido, Datos y Dispositivos, tanto de creación como de verificación de firma electrónica), para finalmente efectuar las consideraciones pertinentes con relación a los elementos formales del contrato. Solventadas estas cuestiones en el Capítulo Cuarto revisaremos las distintas etapas el iter contractual, haciendo notar que las mismas se verifican unas veces en línea (on line) y otras fuera de línea (off line), desde la fase de formación o preparación del contrato, atravesando por el momento de su perfeccionamiento y desembocando finalmente en el período de ejecución del negocio jurídico, donde nos abocaremos al estudio detallado de su contenido, identificando el conjunto de obligaciones que atingen a cada uno de los sujetos involucrados en la certificación reconocida. El Capítulo Quinto se ha reservado para efectuar un análisis de las hipótesis de responsabilidad civil del PSC derivadas de los servicios de certificación reconocida, identificando su origen (contractual o extracontractual), determinando su naturaleza (objetiva o subjetiva) y detectando los supuestos de limitación y/o exoneración a la responsabilidad del PSC. Para completar nuestro estudio, efectuamos un somero repaso de la responsabilidad civil emergente para el Firmante/Suscriptor. Finalmente abordaremos las conclusiones generales que se desprenden de nuestra investigación, identificando una posible nueva clasificación del comercio electrónico atendiendo precisamente a la forma de contratación.

Model-based vehicle detection and classification using orthographic approximations

This paper reports the current state of work to simplify our previous model-based methods for visual tracking of vehicles for use in a real-time system intended to provide continuous monitoring and classification of traffic from a fixed camera on a busy multi-lane motorway. The main constraints of the system design were: (i) all low level processing to be carried out by low-cost auxiliary hardware, (ii) all 3-D reasoning to be carried out automatically off-line, at set-up time. The system developed uses three main stages: (i) pose and model hypothesis using 1-D templates, (ii) hypothesis tracking, and (iii) hypothesis verification, using 2-D templates. Stages (i) & (iii) have radically different computing performance and computational costs, and need to be carefully balanced for efficiency. Together, they provide an effective way to locate, track and classify vehicles.

Stress-induced changes in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe proteome using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and a novel integrated robotics platform

Robotic and manual methods have been used to obtain identification of significantly changing proteins regulated when Schizosaccharomyces pombe is exposed to oxidative stress. Differently treated S. pombe cells were lysed, labelled with CyDye and analysed by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Gel images analysed off-line, using the DeCyder image analysis software [GE Healthcare, Amersham, UK] allowed selection of significantly regulated proteins. Proteins displaying differential expression were excised robotically for manual digestion and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation - mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Additionally the same set of proteins displaying differential expression were automatically cut and digested using a prototype robotic platform. Automated MALDI-MS, peak label assignment and database searching were utilised to identify as many proteins as possible. The results achieved by the robotic system were compared to manual methods. The identification of all significantly altered proteins provides an annotated peroxide stress-related proteome that can be used as a base resource against which other stress-induced proteomic changes can be compared.