L’Horticultura com a eina educativa i terapèutica dins l’àmbit de l’Educació Social

Anàlisi de les característiques i dels beneficis que té l’hort en els àmbits terapèutic i educatiu. Es descriuen els àmbits de l’Educació social on s’utilitza l’horticultura com a eina socioeducativa i terapèutica. En aquest sentit es defineix quin és el paper de l’educador social i s’elabora una petita guia d’ús per als professionals que tinguin la intenció de portar a la pràctica aquesta eina

Practicum o excel·lència? Una experiència en la classe d'urbanística

L'EEES aposta per la preparació de l'alumnat per al mercat de treball i l'objectiu com el desenvolupament personal sembla desaparèixer a favor de l'estructuració de l'ensenyament segons continguts del món de treball. Aquesta estructuració de l'ensenyament porta a reflexionar sobre on s'ha d'explicar els principis ètics que són a la base de la investigació d'excel·lència i del treball d'excel·lència. Es pretén discutir una experiència de practicum que ressalta els matisos lligat a un ensenyament basat en activitats fora de les aules de la Universitat. Matisos que obren un espai a l'aporia entre la necessitat de relació amb la realitat concreta i el indubtable paper de la formació universitària com educació ètica

Research based design: competition proposal for the Cyprus news agency

The paper attempts to explore the interrelation between a) the architects’ individualism and “pre-structures” b) research- based findings during the design process through experimentation and c)an integrated design approach, where morphology, construction and bioclimatic design are integrated from an early design stage. Through a thorough presentation and analysis of a competition proposal for the Cyprus News Agency, we discuss a number of important findings in relation to the present and possibly future form of the design studio. We suggest that the designer’s “prestructures” may not only be the basis for creative action, but also the basis for understanding and interpretation. Design informed and enriched at every stage by a research-based process, might well be the transmission and transformation of “prestructures”, a process of elaboration and discovery which facilitates and enhances design creativity and possibly allows for a multiplicity of approaches through a range of possibilities. Furthermore, an integrated approach from the early stages of the design process facilitates innovation in materials and systems.

Kipus: revista andina de letras. 11 (Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los siguientes libros: Marcelo Báez, TIERRA DE NADIA, Quito: Libresa, 2000; 106 pp. -- Byron Rodríguez, BESTIARIO DE CENIZAS, 2a. ed., Quito: Eskeletra, 1999. -- Viviana Cordero, EL TEATRO DE LOS MONSTRUOS, Quito: coedición Libresa / B@ezOquendo, 2000; 310 pp. -- Fernando Cruz Kronfly, LA CARAVANA DE GARDEL. -- Jorge Dávila Vázquez, CÉSAR DÁVILA ANDRADE, COMBATE POÉTICO Y SUICIDIO, Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1999; 348 pp. -- Euler Granda, QUE TRATA DE UNOS GATOS, Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1999. -- Edgar Freire, El BARRIO DE lOS PRODIGIOS (MEMORIAS DE UN NIÑO), Quito: Libresa, 1999; 178 pp. -- Jostein Gaarder, VITA BREVIS, Madrid: Siruela, 1997; 130 pp. -- Michael Handelsman, Lo AFRO Y LA PLURINACIONALIDAD: EL CASO ECUATORIANO VISTO DESDE SU LITERATURA, Mississippi: University of Mississippi, 1999; 196 pp. -- Iván Oñate, LA NADA SAGRADA, Quito: Eskeletra, 1999. -- Jorge Volpi, EN BUSCA DE KLINGSOR, Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1999. -- Rosa Montero, LA HLJA DEL CANÍBAL, Bogotá: Espasa, 1998; 338 pp. -- María E. Moscoso, LA CANCIÓN DE ROKOLA, Quito: El Conejo, 1999. -- Kenzaburo Oé, DINOS CÓMO SOBREVIVIR A NUESTRA LOCURA Barcelona: Anagrama, 1995. -- Pablo Rocca, compilador, PÁGINAS DE GUERRA (1806-1935), Montevideo: Banda Oriental, 1995; 87 pp. -- Javier Ponce, RESÍGNATE A PERDER, Quito: Seix Barral. 1998; 135 pp. -- Eduardo Rosenzvaig, LA CEPA. ARQUEOLOGÍA DE UNA CULTURA AZUCARERA, Buenos Aires: Universidad Nacional de Tucumán / Ediciones Letra Buena, 1999; tomo III, 608 pp. -- Abdón Ubidia, REFERENTES. ENSAYOS, Quito: El Conejo / UASB / Abya-Yala, 2000; 195 pp.

Las implicaciones de la denuncia: Administración de justicia y subjetividad. Investigación realizada en las Comisarías de la Mujer y la Familia del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito 2007-2010

Esta investigación realizada en las Comisarías de la Mujer y la Familia del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito entre 2007 y 2010, busca, mediante una metodología cualitativa y clínica, acercarnos a las implicaciones que se hallan en juego para la subjetividad de quienes deciden denunciar una situación de violencia intrafamiliar. Primeramente, este estudio plantea el contexto de producción de la Ley 103 o Ley contra la Violencia a la Mujer y la Familia, enuncia su contenido y proporciona una reflexión en torno a las dificultades halladas tanto para su aprobación como en su aplicación. Además, considera a las comisarías como un aparato ideológico del Estado en el cual tiene lugar una batalla que revela, a la vez, una disputa por las representaciones de género y unas prácticas revictimizantes que pondrían en peligro la posibilidad de un cambio de posición subjetiva de las usuarias. Se plantea la denuncia como un acto de habla performativo, productor de subjetividad, que, de ser afortunado, altera la posición de quien denuncia permitiendo el pasaje de víctima a denunciante; y que, en su posibilidad de infortunio, fija o sedimenta la posición de víctima de quien denuncia. El pedido masivo de boletas de auxilio ha sido pensado desde la perspectiva de la acción performativa y su eficacia simbólica. La investigación presenta de modo detallado el relato de una denunciante y muestra cómo a partir de él es posible establecer relaciones con datos estadísticos y con algunos de los motivos que propulsan el acto de denuncia de las demás usuarias entrevistadas. El relato muestra una necesidad de redefinir o ampliar los criterios acerca de la violencia y su tratamiento; además, evidencia una relación de continuidad entre los motivos explícitos de las denuncias y sus trasfondos menos explícitos, relación que recrea la del sujeto con el lenguaje y cuestiona la dicotomía individuo-sociedad. Esta investigación fue posible gracias a la colaboración de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar (UASB) que, al conferirme una beca de estudios, abrió el espacio y tiempo para mi participación en la Maestría. Así como al apoyo de un sinnúmero de personas y algunas instituciones entre las que no puedo dejar de nombrar: Los compañeros del equipo de atención de Violencia Intrafamiliar (VIF) del Centro de Apoyo Integral Tres Manuelas (2002-2005): Anita, Germán, Luz María, Milagros, Mónica, Nelly, Norma, Janeth, Juan Pablo, Janeth, Judith, Paty, Sandra, Silvia, Sonia, Yolanda y Wilman. Los profesores de la Maestría en Estudios de la Cultura de la UASB (2006-2007): Xavier Andrade, Guillermo Bustos, Roque Espinosa, Roberto Follari, Alejandro Moreano, Patricio Noboa, Alicia Ortega, Raúl Serrano, Rosmarie Terán, Edgar Vega, Catherine Walsh; y Fernando Balseca y Hernán Reyes quienes gentilmente leyeron parte de los borradores de este documento e hicieron valiosas sugerencias. La tutoría paciente y precisa de Judith Salgado. Los compañeros: Alejandra, Carla, Christian, Cielo, Elsy, Juan José, María, María Fernanda, María Dolores, Mary, Nadia, Natalia, Omar, Rafael, Raúl, Xenia. Y los compañeros del Centro de Protección de Derechos Norte. Mis familiares, amigos y compañeros, siempre incondicionales. Especialmente Lucho Vaca y Juan Fernando, por sus ayudas puntuales. Las personas que generosamente colaboraron con sus relatos para las entrevistas. Las autoridades de la Dirección Nacional de Género (DINAGE), y del Observatorio de Seguridad Ciudadana especialmente el ingeniero Juan Martínez. Las denunciantes, quienes a través de su acto dicen más de lo que solemos alcanzar a escuchar.

Diseño de un modelo de gestión de la calidad basado en la norma ISO 9001:2008 para agencias de seguros. Caso: Velpo

La investigación se dirige hacia las agencias de seguros que brindan el servicio de asesoría al cliente para la contratación y administración de los seguros emitidos por las aseguradoras; el servicio de asesoría ofrecido debe ser de calidad, en este sector es importante la satisfacción del cliente para lograr la fidelización del mismo y mantenerlo en el tiempo con la renovación de contratos, tomando en cuenta el alto número de competidores y el crecimiento de la industria para ser competitivo. Se toma como referencia a la agencia de seguros VELPO como principal fuente de información para proponer un modelo de gestión de calidad basado en la Norma ISO 9001:2008; en el diagnóstico se indaga en la filosofía empresarial, las operaciones de la organización, en su estructura, los procesos y sus interacciones; se definen los requisitos del cliente y se evalúa el cumplimiento de los requisitos con respecto a la ISO 9001:2008 para establecer la línea base del perfil de calidad de la organización. Con la información recopilada se presenta el diseño del modelo para dar cumplimiento a los requisitos de la norma ISO 9001:2008 y a la planificación estratégica de VELPO, siendo el producto principal de la investigación el diseño del Manual de la Calidad que es una guía para la futura implementación del SGC, este manual recopila la estructura organizacional bajo el enfoque por procesos, el diseño documental básico para la gestión de la calidad en el que se describen la política y objetivos de la calidad, la interacción de procesos, los procedimiento mínimos exigidos por la norma ISO 9001:2008, los procedimientos claves y los indicadores requeridos para el sistema de gestión de calidad VELPO.

Land plants and DNA barcodes: short-term and long-term goals

Land plants have had the reputation of being problematic for DNA barcoding for two general reasons: (i) the standard DNA regions used in algae, animals and fungi have exceedingly low levels of variability and (ii) the typically used land plant plastid phylogenetic markers (e.g. rbcL, trnL-F, etc.) appear to have too little variation. However, no one has assessed how well current phylogenetic resources might work in the context of identification (versus phylogeny reconstruction). In this paper, we make such an assessment, particularly with two of the markers commonly sequenced in land plant phylogenetic studies, plastid rbcL and internal transcribed spacers of the large subunits of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS), and find that both of these DNA regions perform well even though the data currently available in GenBank/EBI were not produced to be used as barcodes and BLAST searches are not an ideal tool for this purpose. These results bode well for the use of even more variable regions of plastid DNA (such as, for example, psbA-trnH) as barcodes, once they have been widely sequenced. In the short term, efforts to bring land plant barcoding up to the standards being used now in other organisms should make swift progress. There are two categories of DNA barcode users, scientists in fields other than taxonomy and taxonomists. For the former, the use of mitochondrial and plastid DNA, the two most easily assessed genomes, is at least in the short term a useful tool that permits them to get on with their studies, which depend on knowing roughly which species or species groups they are dealing with, but these same DNA regions have important drawbacks for use in taxonomic studies (i.e. studies designed to elucidate species limits). For these purposes, DNA markers from uniparentally (usually maternally) inherited genomes can only provide half of the story required to improve taxonomic standards being used in DNA barcoding. In the long term, we will need to develop more sophisticated barcoding tools, which would be multiple, low-copy nuclear markers with sufficient genetic variability and PCR-reliability; these would permit the detection of hybrids and permit researchers to identify the 'genetic gaps' that are useful in assessing species limits.

Oxygen/Glucose deprivation induces a reduction in synaptic AMPA receptors on hippocampal CA3 neurons mediated by mGluR1 and adenosine A3 receptors

Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons are highly sensitive to ischemic damage, whereas neighboring CA3 pyramidal neurons are less susceptible. It is proposed that switching of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunits on CA1 neurons during an in vitro model of ischemia, oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD), leads to an enhanced permeability of AMPARs to Ca2+, resulting in delayed cell death. However, it is unclear whether the same mechanisms exist in CA3 neurons and whether this underlies the differential sensitivity to ischemia. Here, we investigated the consequences of OGD for AMPAR function in CA3 neurons using electrophysiological recordings in rat hippocampal slices. Following a 15 min OGD protocol, a substantial depression of AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission was observed at CA3 associational/commissural and mossy fiber synapses but not CA1 Schaffer collateral synapses. The depression of synaptic transmission following OGD was prevented by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) or A3 receptor antagonists, indicating a role for both glutamate and adenosine release. Inhibition of PLC, PKC, or chelation of intracellular Ca2+ also prevented the depression of synaptic transmission. Inclusion of peptides to interrupt the interaction between GluA2 and PICK1 or dynamin and amphiphysin prevented the depression of transmission, suggesting a dynamin and PICK1-dependent internalization of AMPARs after OGD. We also show that a reduction in surface and total AMPAR protein levels after OGD was prevented by mGluR1 or A3 receptor antagonists, indicating that AMPARs are degraded following internalization. Thus, we describe a novel mechanism for the removal of AMPARs in CA3 pyramidal neurons following OGD that has the potential to reduce excitotoxicity and promote neuroprotection

Playing with history: negotiating subjectivity in contemporary lens based work

Contemporary artists exploring Jewish identity in the UK are caught between two exclusions, broadly speaking: an art community that that sees itself as ‘post –identity’ and a ‘black’ art scene that revolves around the organizations that emerged out of the Identity debates of the 1980s and 1990s, namely Iniva, Third Text, Autograph. These organizations and those debates, don’t usually include Jewish identity within their remit as Jewish artists are considered to be well represented in the British art scene and, in any case, white. Out of these assumptions, questions arise in relation to the position of Jews in Britain and what is at stake for an artist in exploring Jewish Identity in their work. There is considerable scholarship, relatively speaking on art and Jewish Identity in the US (such as Lisa Bloom; Norman Kleeblatt; Catherine Sousslouf), which inform the debates on visual culture and Jews. In this chapter, I will be drawing out some of the distinctions between the US and the UK debates within my analysis, building on my own writing over the last ten years as well as the work of Juliet Steyn, Jon Stratton and Griselda Pollock. In short, this chapter aims to explore the problematic of what Jewish Identity can offer the viewer as art; what place such art inhabits within a wider artistic context and how, if at all, it is received. There is a predominance of lens based work that explores Identity arising out of the provenance of feminist practices and the politics of documentary that will be important in the framing of the work. I do not aim to consider what constitutes a Jewish artist, that has been done elsewhere and is an inadequate and somewhat spurious conversation . I will also not be focusing on artists whose intention is to celebrate an unproblematised Jewishness (however that is constituted in any given work). Recent artworks and scholarship has in any case rendered the trumpeting of attachment to any singular identity anachronistic at best. I will focus on artists working in the UK who incorporate questions of Jewishness into a larger visual enquiry that build on Judith Butler’s notion of identity as process or performative as well as the more recent debates and artwork that consider the intersectionality of identifications that co-constitute provisional identities (Jones, Modood, Sara Ahmed, Braidotti/Nikki S Lee, Glenn Ligon). The case studies to think through these questions of identity, will be artworks by Susan Hiller, Doug Fishbone and Suzanne Triester. In thinking through works by these artists, I will also serve to contextualise them, situating them briefly within the history of the landmark exhibition in the UK, Rubies and Rebels and the work of Ruth Novaczek, Lily Markewitz, Oreet Ashery and myself.

A central role for heme iron in colon carcinogenesis associated with red meat intake

Epidemiology shows that red and processed meat intake is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Heme iron, heterocyclic amines and endogenous N-nitroso compounds (NOC) are proposed to explain this effect, but their relative contribution is unknown. Our study aimed at determining, at nutritional doses, which is the main factor involved and proposing a mechanism of cancer promotion by red meat. The relative part of heme iron (1% in diet), heterocyclic amines (PhIP+MeIQx, 50+25 μg/kg in diet) and NOC (induced by NaNO2+NaNO3 0.17+0.23 g/l of drinking water) was determined by a factorial design and preneoplastic endpoints in chemically-induced rats and validated on tumors in Min mice. The molecular mechanisms (genotoxicity, cytotoxicity) were analyzed in vitro in normal and Apc- deficient cell lines and confirmed on colon mucosa. Heme iron increased the number of preneoplastic lesions but dietary heterocyclic amines and NOC had no effect on carcinogenesis in rats. Dietary hemoglobin increased tumor load in Min mice (control diet: 67±39 mm2; 2,5% hemoglobin diet: 114±47 mm2, p=0.004). In vitro, fecal water from rats given hemoglobin was rich in aldehydes and was cytotoxic to normal cells, but not to premalignant cells. The aldehydes 4-hydroxynonenal and 4-hydroxyhexenal were more toxic to normal versus mutated cells and were only genotoxic to normal cells. Genotoxicity was also observed in colon mucosa of mice given hemoglobin. These results highlight the role of heme iron in the promotion of colon cancer by red meat and suggest that heme iron could initiate carcinogenesis through lipid peroxidation.

The use of fluorescein for labeling genomic probes in the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method

Molecular methods that permit the simultaneous detection and quantification of a large number of microbial species are currently employed in the evaluation of complex ecosystems. The checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique enables the simultaneous identification of distinct bacterial. species in a large number of dental samples. The original technique employed digoxigenin-labeled whole genomic DNA probes which were detected by chemiluminescence. In this study, we present an alternative protocol for labeling and detecting whole genomic DNA probes in the Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. Whole genomic DNA was extracted from five bacterial species and labeled with fluorescein. The fluorescein labeled whole genomic DNA probes were hybridized against whole genomic DNA or subgingival plaque samples in a checkerboard hybridization format, followed by chemiluminescent detection. Our results reveal that fluorescein is a viable and adequate alternative labeling reagent to be employed in the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Morphology, molecular phylogeny, and taxonomic inconsistencies in the study of Bradypus sloths (Pilosa: Bradypodidae)

This study focuses on morphological and molecular data analyses, misidentifications, and phylogenetic inconsistencies regarding Bradypus variegatus (the brown-throated sloth) and B. tridactylus (the pale-throated sloth). Misidentifications were recorded on 75 of 313 museum specimens of Bradypus. Almost 90% of the misidentified specimens were B. variegatus from north-central Brazil, erroneously attributed to B. tridactylus. These misidentified specimens are reported in taxonomic reviews as the southernmost records of B. tridactylus. A history of confusing nomenclature regarding sloth species exists, and these particular misidentifications could be attributable to the similarity in face and throat color between B. variegatus from north-central Brazil and B. tridactylus. The molecular phylogeny of morphologically confirmed sloth specimens exhibits 2 monophyletic lineages representing B. variegatus and B. tridactylus. The split time between these 2 lineages was estimated at 6 million years ago (mya), contradicting previous studies that estimated this divergence to be 0.4 mya. Taxonomic inconsistencies were detected when comparing the molecular phylogeny to previously published DNA sequences ascribed to B. tridactylus. Misidentification or introgression could underlie such phylogenetic incongruities. Regardless of their causes, these discrepancies lead to misstatements regarding geographic distribution, phylogeny, and taxonomy of B. variegatus and B. tridactylus.