O ouro branco abre caminho: o algodão e a modernização do espaço urbano da Cidade da Parahyba (1850-1924)

The present research deals with the modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba2, between 1850 and 1924, and its relation with the cotton economy, which represented the main source of wealth accumulation for both the private and the public sectors throughout the First Republic. This study on urban history was developed by focusing on the understanding of the city s spatial formation, and despite its emphasis on the economic aspects involved, other factors that also contribute to the development of the social life were not put aside. The modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba was also analyzed during the period established for the study according to a chronological and thematic approach that established comparisons with the financial situation of the State, whenever this was necessary, with special attention to the contribution of the cotton economy to the State´s revenues. It was possible to detect a lack of financial help and loans from the federal and municipal administrations for finishing several public works already underway in the capital, since the federal funds allocated to the State of Parahyba do Norte were rather employed in emergency works against droughts and in agricultural development. One can then conclude that the financial resources required for the urban interventions were withdrawn from the State s treasury itself, resources that were collected mainly from activities such as cotton exportation and cotton trading. Another factor shows the interdependence between the urban remodeling and the cotton economy: during the years marked by great droughts or by hard plagues on the cotton plantations, cotton production decreased, as well as the State s finances. The first measures taken by the State s administrators were to halt all projects of urban remodeling in progress in the Cidade da Parahyba, which was, clearly, the most privileged city by the State s presidents during the period analyzed. 2 The city of João Pessoa was named Cidade da Parahyba, a designation that remained until September 1930, when it received its present-day name in order to pay homage to the president of the State, João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, murdered in the city of Recife in August of that same year. At that time, the State of Paraíba was known as Parahyba do Norte. Since this work is limited to a period of time comprised within the First Republic, the names employed respect the terms used in those days

DESAFIOS E REFLEXÕES NA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM PROGRAMA DE EDUCAÇÃO ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL (EAN) EM INDIVÍDUOS COM EXCESSO DE PESO

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência das atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) desenvolvidas em pacientes com sobrepeso e obesidade. Síntese de dados: Realizaramse sessões de educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) com pacientes com sobrepeso e obesidade graus I e II atendidos no ambulatório do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (HU/UFJF), integrantes do projeto de extensão “Saúde na Balança”. As sessões ocorreram em grupo, semanalmente no 1º mês, quinzenalmente no 2º e 3º mês e mensalmente até o 6º mês, no período de setembro de 2012 a setembro de 2013. Durante um ano de atividades, foram realizados 4 grupos, com um total de 46 integrantes, que aceitaram participar das sessões. Nestas, foram abordados temas em nutrição que apoiavam o atendimento individual. A equipe identificou que local, horário, periodicidade das sessões, disponibilidade de tempo e falta de recursos financeiros eram fatores que influenciavam a adesão do paciente ao tratamento, sendo alguns deles modificados, já se observando melhora da adesão no último grupo. Entretanto, ainda foram registradas 17 desistências. Com o autorrelato dos pacientes, foi possível perceber mudanças positivas nos hábitos alimentares e na forma de se relacionar com a obesidade e as comorbidades associadas. Conclusão: No decorrer das atividades, criou-se vínculo entre equipe e participantes, permitindo identificação de demandas e de formas efetivas de atuação nos grupos, demonstrando que a EAN auxilia a abordagem individual, na medida em que permite troca de experiências e informações, ampliando o poder de escolha por hábitos de vida saudáveis.

Ograniczona względami ekonomicznymi dostępność świadczeń zdrowotnych a naruszenie przez lekarza reguł ostrożności

Odpowiedzialność karną lekarza łączy się powszechnie z problematyką błędu medycznego, choć właściwie odpowiada on nie za sam błąd medyczny, jako że prawo karne nie zna przestępstwa polegającego na popełnieniu błędu medycznego, ale za ewentualne jego skutki, które mogą być kwalifikowane jako nieumyślne spowodowanie śmierci, nieumyślne spowodowanie ciężkiego, średniego albo lekkiego uszczerbku na zdrowiu bądź nieumyślne narażenie na niebezpieczeństwo utraty życia albo ciężkiego uszczerbku na zdrowiu. Nie można oczywiście wykluczyć wystąpienia sytuacji, w której lekarz swoim zachowaniem zrealizowałby znamiona typu umyślnego, jednakże na potrzeby niniejszej publikacji przyjęto, że co do zasady lekarz działa w celu ratowania dóbr prawnych, jakimi są życie i zdrowie pacjenta, nie zaś z zamiarem narażenia ich na niebezpieczeństwo bądź naruszenia, a ewentualne negatywne skutki dla życia i pacjenta, powstałe w miejsce lub obok zamierzonego stanu rzeczy, nie są przez niego objęte umyślnością. Kluczowym warunkiem uznania, że czyn popełniony został nieumyślnie jest ustalenie, że sprawca naruszył reguły ostrożnego postępowania, wymagane w danych okolicznościach. W odniesieniu do zawodu lekarza na pierwszy plan wysuwa się wśród nich wymóg stosowania się do wskazań aktualnej wiedzy medycznej. Autorka przekłada ten obowiązek na grunt realiów systemu ochrony zdrowia i rozważa, jaki wpływ na jego niedopełnienie mają okoliczności ograniczonej względami ekonomicznymi dostępności świadczeń zdrowotnych oraz w jaki sposób niedostatek środków finansowych może rzutować na naruszenie przez lekarza reguł ostrożnego postępowania, o których mowa w art. 9 § 2 Kodeksu karnego.

Conselho Municipal de Saúde de Pedras de Fogo - PB: um estudo sobre participação

The present study aims to understand the process of Participation of the Health Council- CMS in the formularization, implementation and control of the Municipal health plan of Pedras de Fogo, through four criteria of quality of participation considered by Demo (1993): representation, legitimacy, base participation, and self-responsibility. The criteria of representation is related to the quality of politics of the representative over the representings. Legitimacy is related to the politics` quality of the process of participation based on norms and rules that stipulate the participation, the base participation is a necessary political support so that the power authorization directed to the representings can be effective and the self-responsibility refers to the capacity of being responsible when it concerns to the public service or property. Through the descriptive and exploratory study a qualitative method was adopted to consider the conditions of the participation of the twelve council members of the City council of Health of Pedras de Fogo, through a formulated Instrument based on the criteria of DEMO (1993). It was concluded that the quality of the participation of the council members of the CMS of Pedras de Fogo understands essential aspects of the criteria of quality considered by Demo (1993) but it shows fragilities as unfamiliarity with the norms that legitimize the performance of the council; unfamiliarity of its condition of being an agent and the importance of the participation of the base for the reinforcement of its participation, as well as inertia related to the check and rendering of accounts on its performance. This way it makes sense that the participation of the council in the four criteria of quality of politics considered in this paper needs to improve

Continuidade dos cuidados de saúde às crianças e jovens com Diabetes - articulação interinstitucional

A efetiva articulação entre os Cuidados de Saúde Primários e Hospitalares apresenta-se como uma estratégia para aumentar os ganhos em saúde, racionalizando os recursos financeiros, a eficiência dos serviços e a satisfação dos utentes. Com o presente projeto, pretendeu-se promover a comunicação entre as equipas de Saúde Escolar do Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde da Arrábida e a Consulta de Diabetes Juvenil do Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, através da implementação de um protocolo de articulação, com o objetivo de assegurar o continuum dos cuidados de saúde às crianças e jovens acompanhadas na consulta de Diabetes Juvenil. Partindo das necessidades identificadas pelos e com os diversos profissionais de saúde envolvidos pretendeu-se garantir um plano assistencial integrado e desenvolver uma prática de complementaridade com a de outros profissionais de saúde e parceiros comunitários. Adotou-se a metodologia do planeamento em saúde e delinearam-se intervenções que envolveram os diferentes profissionais de saúde, conduzindo à reflexão e discussão sobre o tema, apontando para a mudança nas práticas, consubstanciado por etapas de conhecimento, motivação, apreciação, experimentação e finalmente de adoção; ABSTRACT: Effective coordination between Primary Health Care and Hospital presents itself as a strategy to increase health gains, streamlining financial resources, the efficiency of services and user satisfaction. With this project, the aim was to promote communication between the School Health Team of the Grouping Arrabida Health Centers and Juvenil e Diabetes Consultation of Setúbal Hospital Centre, through the implementation of a joint protocol with the objective of ensure the continuum of health care to children and young people accompanied the Juvenile Diabetes consultation. Starting from the needs identified by and with the various health professionals involved was intended to ensure an integrated care plan and develop a practice of complementarity with other health professionals and community partners. Adopted the planning methodology in health and outlined by interventions involving different health professionals, leading to reflection and discussion on the topic, pointing to the change in practice, embodied by stages of knowledge, motivation, appreciation, experimentation and finally adoption.

A perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde nas inovações de gestão: Estudo de caso numa unidade de saúde

A necessidade de conciliar uma procura cada vez maior com as restrições de recursos humanos e financeiros levou a que se implementasse um conjunto de inovações que permitisse alcançar maior eficiência. No presente estudo aborda-se uma dessas iniciativas: os Hospitais SA. As implicações originadas por esta medida, ocorreram em termos de alterações de gestão e adopção de novos conceitos. Estas são algumas das dimensões estudadas. Em termos metodológicos pretende-se perceber como é que alguns dos profissionais de Saúde avaliam as modificações que ocorreram. Para tal, optou-se por levar a cabo um estudo de caso de um Hospital SA da região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, numa abordagem qualitativa, visando identificar a perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde nas inovações de gestão, relacionadas com as novas tecnologias, das quais se destacam: • Utilização da Internet; • Implementação e utilização da Intranet; • Desenvolvimento de Arquivos Digitais relativos a processos médicos; • Cartão Vital; • Aplicação Medivital. Para a recolha de dados será utilizada uma entrevista sarni-estruturada “que atribui maior liberdade ao investigador para conduzir a entrevista como achar ser mais conveniente, para a obtenção de dados que se revelem pertinentes" (Patton, 1990). Abstract; The need to conciliate the increasing search for healthcare over time with the restrictions of human and financial resources conducted to the implementation of a set of innovations that allowed a greater efficiency. ln the present study, one of those initiatives is presented: in the Hospitais SA. The implications of this measure occurred in terms of management modifications and in the adoption of new concepts. These are some of the studied dimensions. ln methodological terms, it’s intended to perceive how health professionals evaluate the modifications that occurred. For such, it was opted to present a case study of a Hospital SA from Lisboa e Vale do Tejo region, in a qualitative approach, aiming to identify the health professionals perspective of the management innovations related to the new technologies, from which the following, stand out: • Internet usage; • Implementation and use of Internet; • Development of Digital Archives related to medical processes; • Vital Card; • Medivital application. For data gathering a half-structuralized interview will be used "which gives greater freedom to the researcher to conduct the interview as he finds most convenient, in order to obtain relevant data" (Patton, 1990).

Orthodox versus unorthodox care: A qualitative study on where rural women seek healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth in Southwest, Nigeria

Introduction Utilization of orthodox health facilities for maternal health services is determined by factors operating at the individual, household, community and state level. The prevalence of small family norm is one of the identified variables operating within the community which influences the decision of where to access care (orthodox/traditional). The objective of the study was to determine the use of orthodox versus unorthodox maternity healthcare and determinants among rural women in southwest Nigeria. Methods A qualitative study was done and involved three focus group discussions. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect information from women of reproductive age group within a rural Local Government Area in Lagos state. Results Most of the women access some form of healthcare during pregnancy, orthodox, unorthodox or both. Those who patronize both services concurrently do so to benefit from the two as each has some unique features such as herbal concoctions for traditional, ultrasound and immunization of babies for orthodox. Traditional belief exerts a strong influence on decision of where to access maternal healthcare services. Actual place of delivery is determined by individual and household factors including financial resources. Conclusion Rural women utilize one or both orthodox and unorthodox maternal health services for different reasons. Ward Development Committees should be strengthened so as to reach the communities, educate and convince women to dispel myths which limit their use of orthodox care. Training and monitoring of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) are vital to eliminate harmful practices. We also recommend improved financial access to orthodox healthcare.

O ouro branco abre caminho: o algodão e a modernização do espaço urbano da Cidade da Parahyba (1850-1924)

The present research deals with the modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba2, between 1850 and 1924, and its relation with the cotton economy, which represented the main source of wealth accumulation for both the private and the public sectors throughout the First Republic. This study on urban history was developed by focusing on the understanding of the city s spatial formation, and despite its emphasis on the economic aspects involved, other factors that also contribute to the development of the social life were not put aside. The modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba was also analyzed during the period established for the study according to a chronological and thematic approach that established comparisons with the financial situation of the State, whenever this was necessary, with special attention to the contribution of the cotton economy to the State´s revenues. It was possible to detect a lack of financial help and loans from the federal and municipal administrations for finishing several public works already underway in the capital, since the federal funds allocated to the State of Parahyba do Norte were rather employed in emergency works against droughts and in agricultural development. One can then conclude that the financial resources required for the urban interventions were withdrawn from the State s treasury itself, resources that were collected mainly from activities such as cotton exportation and cotton trading. Another factor shows the interdependence between the urban remodeling and the cotton economy: during the years marked by great droughts or by hard plagues on the cotton plantations, cotton production decreased, as well as the State s finances. The first measures taken by the State s administrators were to halt all projects of urban remodeling in progress in the Cidade da Parahyba, which was, clearly, the most privileged city by the State s presidents during the period analyzed. 2 The city of João Pessoa was named Cidade da Parahyba, a designation that remained until September 1930, when it received its present-day name in order to pay homage to the president of the State, João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, murdered in the city of Recife in August of that same year. At that time, the State of Paraíba was known as Parahyba do Norte. Since this work is limited to a period of time comprised within the First Republic, the names employed respect the terms used in those days

Le partenariat intersectoriel : une stratégie gagnante pour la prévention et la gestion du diabète de type 2 dans un contexte de diversité.

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des sciences infirmières en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences infirmières option expertise-conseil en soins infirmiers

Undermined climate policies : a study on the impact of regulatory and financial discrimination across heterogeneous firms in China

Firms in China within the same industry but with different ownership and size have very different production functions and can face very different emission regulations and financial conditions. This fact has largely been ignored in most of the existing literature on climate change. Using a newly augmented Chinese input–output table in which information about firm size and ownership are explicitly reported, this paper employs a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the impact of alternative climate policy designs with respect to regulation and financial conditions on heterogeneous firms. The simulation results indicate that with a business-as-usual regulatory structure, the effectiveness and economic efficiency of climate policies is significantly undermined. Expanding regulation to cover additional firms has a first-order effect of improving efficiency. However, over-investment in energy technologies in certain firms may decrease the overall efficiency of investments and dampen long-term economic growth by competing with other fixed-capital investments for financial resources. Therefore, a market-oriented arrangement for sharing emission reduction burden and a mechanism for allocating green investment is crucial for China to achieve a more ambitious emission target in the long run.

Le partenariat intersectoriel : une stratégie gagnante pour la prévention et la gestion du diabète de type 2 dans un contexte de diversité

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des sciences infirmières en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences infirmières option expertise-conseil en soins infirmiers

La réponse thérapeutique à une intervention multidisciplinaire pour les maux de dos chroniques: prédicteurs et algorithmes

Méthodologie: Simulation; Analyse discriminante linéaire et logistique; Arbres de classification; Réseaux de neurones en base radiale

Políticas sociais no Município de Mafra: desafios e possibilidades de implementação sob o olhar da sociologia

No quadro de uma sociologia da ação, procurámos conhecer as políticas públicas do setor social em preparação ou implementadas pela autarquia de Mafra e, simultaneamente, perceber a influência que a interação e o grau de concordância dos diferentes atores sociais envolvidos no desenvolvimento do projeto social do município, exercem no processo de concretização das mesmas, contribuindo, deste modo, para o sucesso do plano de ação social programado para o território, ou, pelo contrário, dificultando a sua implementação. Neste sentido, procurámos encontrar os desafios e, ao mesmo tempo, os obstáculos que se apresentam à Câmara Municipal de Mafra na implementação de um projeto social adequado à realidade da comunidade local, enquanto ator privilegiado no campo da proteção social à população, ação que vem assumindo ao longo das últimas décadas, evidenciando um papel prioritário e determinante na programação das políticas públicas desenvolvidas no território, considerando, igualmente, a influência que a regularidade da representação política dos órgãos autárquicos deste município vem exercendo também na concretização deste processo de intervenção social. Através de uma estratégia metodológica orientada para a realização de um diagnóstico prospetivo, propusemo-nos estudar os elementos principais do sistema de implementação de políticas sociais no Município de Mafra e, neste sentido: a) delimitámos o sistema e estudámos os seus elementos mais pertinentes, nomeadamente, a posição estratégica da autarquia no desenvolvimento de um projeto de intervenção social adequado ao território; b) assinalámos os objetivos estratégicos do plano de intervenção social elaborado pela autarquia em coordenação com outros atores com responsabilidade social no município e posicionámos os atores relativamente a estes objetivos estratégicos; e por fim, c) avaliámos as convergências e as divergências possíveis e a implicação dos atores na concretização dos objetivos deste plano estratégico de intervenção social. As principais conclusões deste estudo referem a existência de uma grande convergência dos atores perante os objetivos do plano de intervenção social programado pela autarquia para o município, tendo em conta a sua participação e intervenção na elaboração e execução deste projeto de âmbito social, sendo identificado como principal obstáculo de implementação, a escassez de recursos financeiros, e, como desafio de execução com maior importância, a cooperação entre a autarquia e os demais parceiros sociais do município reveladora da congregação de esforços conducentes ao desenvolvimento da estratégia de intervenção social mais adequada às necessidades do território; ABSTRACT: In the context of an action sociology sought to know the public policies in the social sector in preparation or implemented by the municipality of Mafra and simultaneously realize the influence that interaction and the degree of agreement of the different social actors involved in the development of the social project city, play in the process of implementation of the same, thus contributing to the success of social action plan scheduled for the territory, or, conversely, hindering its implementation. In this sense, we tried to meet the challenges and at the same time, the obstacles that are presented to the Municipality of Mafra in the implementation of an adequate social project the reality of the local community, as a privileged actor in the field of social protection of the population, action is taking over the past decades, showing a priority and decisive role in the planning of public policies developed in the territory, considering also the influence that the regularity of political representation of local government bodies in this municipality has exercised also in the realization of this process of social intervention. Through targeted methodological strategy for the realization of a prospective diagnosis, we proposed to study the main elements of the system of implementation of social policies in the city of Mafra and in this regard: a) delimit the system and studied the relevant elements, namely, the strategic position of authority in the development of a social intervention project suitable to the territory; b) have pointed out the strategic objectives of social intervention plan drawn up by the municipality in coordination with other actors with social responsibility in the city and we positioned the actors for these strategic objectives; and finally, c) we evaluated the convergences and divergences and the possible involvement of actors in achieving the objectives of this strategic plan of social intervention. The main findings of this study relate to the existence of a large convergence of actors towards the objectives of social intervention plan set by the local authority for the city, taking into account their participation and assistance in the preparation and implementation of the social context of the project, being identified as main obstacle to implementing the scarcity of financial resources, and the challenge of implementing more importantly, cooperation between the municipality and the other social partners in revealing municipality of congregation of efforts leading to the development of more appropriate social intervention strategy to the needs of territory.

Percepção dos usuários, profissionais de saúde e gestores sobre o modelo de atendimento oftalmológico no Hospital Regional de Divinolândia - São Paulo

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the assistance quality through the perception of the users and municipal health managers (mayors, health secretaries and screening team). Methods: A transversal and descriptive study was carried out. Results: The sample was comprised by 359 users and 48 managers. Medical assistance was considered excellent by 79.6% of the users, 93.7% of the managers, 87.5% of the health secretaries and 100% of the screening team. Reception received a great evaluation by 73.8% of the users and 93.8% of the selectors. Conclusion: The assistance model used at the Ophthalmologic Clinic of Divinolândia obtained a high level of satisfaction pleasing both users and managers.

O panorama da ginastica artistica masculina brasileira : um estudo historico-critico do periodo 2005-2008

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física