O Litoral e a metrópole dinâmica imobiliária, turismo e expansão urbana na região metropolitana de Natal-RN

The metropolitan regions of Northeast Brazil are being gradually included in a scenario of international investments, which are motivated by the restructuring of both touristic and real-estate sectors. The new capital, real-estate developers and space configurations that result from this process indicate the need for the creation and implementation of public tools which should, at least, allow the mitigation of the urban impacts and environmental losses resulting from this situation. The effects on landscape and on the socio-spatial configuration result from the intensification caused by the dynamism of the "real estate-tourism" sector. There is a regional integration as an expression of the urban expansion of the metropolitan area of Natal. This study investigates the uniqueness of the restructuring and territorial integration of coastal areas and the strategies of the circuit of capital accumulation formed by linking the real estate to tourism. It is intended to increase the understanding about the strategies of tourism, real estate and public policy agents involved in this territorial reconfiguration and in the fund-raising needed for the investments, to understand the existing social and environmental effects and their future trends and also to understand the forms of spatial production as results from the practices of approaching the land transformation and the tourism valorization of the landscape, in a synchronous manner, first in the Northeast region and, as a focal study, in the Metropolitan Area of Natal. Likewise, it is intended to apprehend the current processes of metropolization of the eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, in addition to indicate its physical-territorial transformation and the types of projects/developments promoted by the market in the recent period. Based upon analysis undertaken for the Metropolitan Region of Natal RN, this piece of work presents some considerations on possible legal instruments that can be adjusted to the municipalities which are experiencing the impact of this peculiar and recent phenomenon in the region, caused by the arrival of the real estate-touristic capital. It is also intended to point out basic proposals to the forms of public intervention, in a speculative way, starting from a Metropolitan Planning project within a medium and long term

Paisagem, um patrimônio esquecido: subsídios para a construção de uma metodologia de valoração e proteção do cenário natural litorâneo

The so-called "residential tourism" came to intensify the previous occupation of the coastal zones, characterized by traditional beach houses, and brought significant consequences for their spatial configuration, and especially for its scenic value of the landscape. Although there is the intention to regulate the activities of enterprising groups by some legal instruments to control the use and occupation of land, and to contain some negative effects, the actions of government are still inefficient in trying to follow the implications on the landscape from the accelerated growth of the real estate and touristic sectors. Supported in the speech of economic development and income generation, public managers prioritize areas to attract tourists to the detriment of preserving important physical attributes of the natural environment that contribute significantly to the quality of life. The result can be noticed in the use of natural elements as one of the major components in the land valorization, and in the immediate attraction of investors and enterprising. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on the landscape preservation a little detailed thematic in view of their relevance in the current context - by indicating subsidies to the creation of a methodology for the evaluation and protection of coastal zones that may assist the government in creating new instruments, and better prepare it in control of the occupation of these areas. For such, was followed two ways to analysis: the indirect method and the direct method. The first is grounded in the evaluation of landscape attributes, which is based on the work of Raquel Tardin (2008) and Eduardo Cuesta, Encarnación Algarra and Isabel Pastor (2001). The second, based on the research of Leticia and Carlos Hardt (2010) and on the concepts of phenomenology - expressed by Antonio Christofoletti (1985) and Yi-Fu Tuan (1983) - considers the population perspective on the quality of the natural scenery. Developed through cartographic materials, photographic collections and quantitative tables, this dissertation utilized as a case study the beaches of Barra de Tabatinga and Camurupim, located in the city of Nísia Floresta/RN. Despite already being sighted spaces of advanced stage of landscape degradation in these locations, areas of remarkable scenic value can still be found, what reinforce the urgency in adopting preservationists actions. The absence of laws focused on the management and protection of the landscape singularities associated with the inefficiency of the government to invigilate the land occupation in coastal zones, encourage the excessive action of the real estate-tourism, and consequently make the government the main responsible for the environmental and landscape impacts in these areas - by its omission or by their connivance. Therefore, the legislation permeates this entire process and constitutes itself as the most effective way to guarantee the right to the landscape to present and future generations. Are also pointed some important considerations to build a methodology, especially concerning possibilities of improvements and adaptations of its applicability in each case

Desenvolvimento como acesso às políticas públicas: a reforma do estado e a concretização dos direitos prestacionais

The state s evolution, after its liberal and the social stages, arrives at the post-social state, also regarded as regulatory state, which, in order to accomplish the state s aims, employs indirect interventions in the economy. The new model of administration adapts principles and concepts form the private sector such as the quest for efficience and tangible results, also striving for the decentralization of state s power to improve effectiveness before the new paradigm of handling of affairs of public interest. Present state derives its legitimacy from the efficiency principle, the legitimacy of the public administration cannot be limited to an analysis of legality, but the fulfillment of the ends envisaged by the public authority on its policies. These public policies have the objective of satisfying fundamental rights of the citizens. The access to public policies set by states as a way of enjoyment of the aforementioned rights constitute a legal and demandable path of development. The creation of public policies and the access to them must abide to the efficiency principle. This access must be taken unther the principles of legal and material equality, inasmuch as the liberty and real liberty. The access must also be observed as a matter of limited resources to grant, in reality, the access and enjoyment of these rights. The demandable nature of the access to public policies binds the public authority into broadening the range of these policies to every one who needs them. Thus, in this spectrum, the role of the Regulatory State, as the legal instruments for access of public policies as a legal path to development, is analyzed in the present work

O desenvolvimento sustentável na ordem constitucional e sua promoção através do planejamento urbano

The man, being subject and object of their changes, has passed by many process to find a better life way. Since your existence, he finds to live in groups for make easy your life and make concrete yours desires. All by history, when the individual´s rights was establishment, collectives and lonely way, contribute for evaluate the relationship between individuals and they own, and them and state, which has a duty to those, positive or negative, depending on the case. The circle of fundamentals rights has been sustainable development and the concept of growth economy associated to the environment protection. This association reflect a apparent conflict between values very distinct, but the constitutional interpretation can be reunite both of them and make it live in harmony; values of environmental order and economical order can be exist together, as long as the state contribute to this. On the city, where the most of relationships happening, the urban plan appear how a effective way of sustainable development, finding the harmony between the growth economy and environment protection. To effective the socials functions of the city (inhabit, circulate, work and entertainment) and the citizen´s life quality, the city is the scenery that show how the urban plan, across established previously legal instruments, like the governmental public politics, to effective the right to development, right of third generation. The director plan how effective tool for local needs - obligation defined by Citizen Statute that contribute for the program linked defined by the urban plan. The state´s intervention on the private sector of citizen, and the restriction on their rights are be justified by the collective´s rights and their quality of life. So, in front the urban scenery has been the plan to make social functions of city, the healthy way of life, which is the sustainable development

Desenvolvimento Urbano e Cidades Inclusivas: Estudo Analítico do Princípio Constitucional da Função Social das Cidades

The reality of Latin America points out that the industrialization and urbanization are complementary processes associated each other. Thus, by consequence of the demographic growth, observes the aggravation of an urbanization completely disordered and without infrastructure capable of guaranteeing rights and basic services to the population. In parallel, the dissemination of information, the valorization of human dignity, promoted by social welfare, and expectations of consumption aggravates the tensions among social actors, leading to the Theory of the Right to Development to worry about the (re)construction of cities. Before this reality, the Federal Constitution of 1988 proposed a participatory urban policy, grounded in the ideal of confrontation of social exclusion of a more comprehensive, represented by the principle of the social function of cities, which must be stratified into four inclusion´s central axes, namely: the social in the strict sense, the economic, the cultural and the policy. The Analysis of each of these dimensions, keeping the focus on reality and the Brazilian legal system, composes specific objectives of this work. Thus, through deductive research, with use of technique bibliographical and interdisciplinary, this dissertation aims to make connections between social function and development, proposing an analytical concept for the proposing an analytical concept for the principle of social function of cities, through the study of its basic elements. With this, purports to demonstrate how results, firstly, that the juridical study, to fully understand the process of marginalization, must maintain multidisciplinary perspective, own social sciences. Also aims to demonstrate that the dimensions of inclusion are formed by fundamental rights, individual and collective, of liberties and of social guarantees and that without respect to all of them there is no way to talk about implementation of urban development and nor, consequently, about inclusive cities. At the end, after checking the main legal instruments of urban policy that emphasize the community participation, provided for in the Statute of the Cities, and that potentiate the breakup of the circles of exclusion, the work want contribute to the clarification and the awaken to the importance of a new perspective democratic of development in the country, grounded in the appreciation of the individual for realization of modern management, decentralized and that, therefore, inserts the effective participation of urban communities in the acting of the State

Animais não humanos: a construção da titularidade jurídica como novos sujeitos de direito

This work has the main goal on the recognition of the inherent value of nonhuman animals, under the constitutional framework. It is presented the main philosophical formulations of the current pattern of behavior that rules the relationship between man and animals: first those that have excluded animals from moral consideration and then the thinkers which do have included, in some way, in order to elucidate the origin of the anthropocentric thought over the natural world. In this way, the analysis these thinkers that have included animals in moral consideration will contribute to a paradigm change from the anthropocentric view, initiating legal debates. It will be made a simplified analysis of different philosophical and legal points of view that have been demonstrating the posture in which the human beings have been dealing with the environment, with the replacement of the anthropocentric thinking for the biocentric view, in which life becomes the center of existence. Life is life, no matter whether it is human or not, has a value in itself, and must be protected and respected by the legal system. Then, it will be analized the constitutionalization of the nonhuman animal dignity in comparative law; the infraconstitutional legislation which concerning the intrinsic value of all life forms and, finally, the 1988 Constitution. It will be advocated for non-human animals the condition of subjects, presenting some cases that the Habeas Corpus was used in animal defense. In this new Brazilian Habeas Corpus theory of for apes the argument of genetic proximity was used in order to overcome the literal meaning of natural person to achieve hominids in order to assure the fundamental right of physical freedom. It is realized that the fact that the great apes being recognized as a person does not preclude the possibility of other living beings be recognized as subjects of law. In this way, animals can be considered non-human subjects of law, according to the theory of depersonalized entities and may enjoy a legal category that allows a respect for existential minimum, and can hold constitutional fundamental rights

What Role Should Government Regulation Play in Ecological Restoration? Ongoing Debate in São Paulo State, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Percepção e ações educativas em ambientes escolares: enfoques aos documentos legais determinantes em área de proteção ambiental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Regionalização do território de Tambaú (SP) em microbacias hidrográficas e técnicas de geoprocessamento e análise espacial como insumos a gestão governamental

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Transição democrática, engajamento intelectual e reformas políticas: a trajetória intelectual de Luiz Werneck Vianna nos anos 1990

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Apontamentos sobre a história constitutiva dos saberes crimino-penais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização preliminar do meio físico a partir de dados do Projeto Topodata: caso da área de expansão urbana de Ilha Solteira (SP)

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

A norma e o fato: abordagem analítica da segregação sócio-espacial e exclusão social a partir dos instrumentos urbanísticos

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Territorialidade e uso comum entre os quilombolas de Santa Rita da Barreira em contradição com “Políticas de Etnodesenvolvimento”

O estudo sobre o processo etnohistórico das unidades familiares que organizaram o povoado conhecido como Antiga Barreira, situado à margem esquerda do rio Guamá, município de São Miguel do Guamá – PA conduziu a explorar o universo de relações sociais marcado por estratégias de permanência, construções simbólicas e práticas coletivas de domínio no território com predominância do uso comum dos recursos naturais. Atualmente, o povoado é reconhecido como comunidade quilombola de Santa Rita da Barreira tendo recebido do ITERPA o título coletivo correspondente a uma área de 371 hectares. As territorialidades construídas a partir de práticas sociais fundadas na organização comunitária e a mobilização política em torno de interesses comuns reforçam o sentimento de pertença e a identidade quilombola. Essa organização do grupo se materializa frente às adversidades impostas pela sociedade dominante que lhes invizibilizaram ou construíram concepções “primordialistas” sobre o grupo e seus modos de vida. Após a titulação diversas políticas públicas chegaram á Santa Rita da Barreira através de programas e projetos que tiveram como discurso o “desenvolvimento”, a “inclusão social das comunidades quilombolas”. Instrumentos jurídicos aprovados a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, a Constituição Estadual do Pará (1998) e do “Programa Brasil Quilombola” dentre outras iniciativas asseguram o direito ao território e a assistência social através da edição de políticas públicas específicas com vistas ao “etnodesenvolvimento”. As diversas intervenções em Santa Rita da Barreira foram feitas sem levar em consideração a trajetória das famílias no território, o conhecimento prático, o modo de vida, as construções simbólicas e as modalidades de uso comum praticadas em terras tradicionalmente ocupadas. Isto implica no surgimento de descompassos em relação às determinações jurídicas e a consciência das necessidades destes agentes sociais que em inúmeras situações (reuniões, encontro com técnicos, pesquisadores) tem sabido expor e defender suas idiossincrasias. Esta pesquisa procurou analisar a importância da etnohistória, territorialidade e práticas de uso comum dos quilombolas de Santa Rita da Barreira e identificar como este enfoque poderá contribuir para refletir programas e projetos de etnodesenvolvimento. A metodologia utilizada foi abalizada pela etnografia, etnohistória, coleta e análise de narrativas, fotografias, preenchimento de questionários, análise de documentação cartorial e bibliográfica, além da elaboração de “mapas participativos”. Os dados foram colididos durante pesquisa de campo realizada em intervalos de junho a novembro de 2010.

Regularizar a terra: um desafio para as populações tradicionais de Gurupá

As populações tradicionais da Amazônia, a partir da década de oitenta do século passado, redescobriram a possibilidade de afirmação da sua identidade e de seus direitos e passaram a lutar nessas direções. Um momento fundamental neste processo foi o de reconhecer sua heterogeneidade socioeconômica e cultural: povos indígenas, remanescentes das comunidades de quilombos, ribeirinhos, extrativistas, camponeses, pescadores. Na busca do reconhecimento de seus direitos às terras que ocupam e aos recursos naturais nela existentes, constaram que a legislação não apresentava normas que espelhassem a contento suas experiências de vida. Instrumentos jurídicos inovadores surgem nesse contexto, a exemplo das unidades de conservação de uso de direito e de outras modalidades de regularização fundiária de natureza agro-ecológica. Nessa perspectiva, a experiência dos agroextrativistas do município de Gurupá, estado do Pará, foi investigada e é discutida com base em evidências qualitativas e quantitativas produzidas sob uma orientação interdisciplinar quanto à metodologia. Ainda, considerou-se o local/regional a partir da história e das tendências ambientais e socioeconômicas recentes. Essa abordagem implicou em uso de um conjunto de imagens de importância iconográfica e na discussão de conceitos como o de populações tradicionais, desenvolvimento sustentável e política pública. Por sua vez e ao longo da tese, a literatura acadêmica, a documentação especializada e os dados produzidos in lócus revelam a problemática jurídica-fundiária entre ao agroextrativistas gurupaenses com elemento central e ao mesmo tempo aglutinante nas transformações que está a os atingir. Nestes termos, tem-se um processo de ocupação das terras permeado por conflitos de interesses, abusos e mesmo violência, uma lesgilação em vigor ao longo do tempo e plena de contradições, e a existência de registros cartoriais de imóveis dominados por inconsistências jurídicas. Diante disso, esses trabalhadores e especialistas sensíveis a sua causa surgem como vitorioso em muitas questões ao demandarem ao poder público possibilidades que pudessem garantir-lhes segurança jurídica com vistas à permanência na terra.