439 resultados para Gardening .
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La calndula (Calendula officinalis) es una planta herbcea utilizada por sus hermosas flores amarillas o naranjas en borduras, jardinera y como flor de corte. Est ampliamente difundida en el mundo, no slo por la belleza de sus flores o por su uso en la cosmtica sino por ser resistente, de fcil cultivo y poco exigente en condiciones ambientales. En Mendoza es muy empleada como ornamental y todos los aos es afectada por una enfermedad denominada odio. En Argentina se mencionan como agentes etiolgicos del odio diversas especies del gnero Erysiphe y Oidium erysiphoides, pero no se haba descripto la forma teleomrfica sino hasta 1991 en Corrientes y Crdoba, cuando fue citada como Sphaerotheca fusca. En 2004, en Mendoza, se produjo un intenso ataque de odio sobre esta especie floral y al estudiar la pulverulencia tpica de la enfermedad se observaron cuerpos negros, lo que motiv el estudio etiolgico de la enfermedad en dicha provincia. Se muestrearon ejemplares de calndula afectados procedentes de distintos orgenes. En laboratorio se realizaron observaciones y estudios morfomtricos que permitieron reconocer Podosphaera fusca (=Sphaerotheca fusca) como agente responsable del odio de la calndula en Mendoza.
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The engineering careers models were diverse in Europe, and are adopting now in Spain the Bolonia process for European Universities. Separated from older Universities, that are in part technically active, Civil Engineering (Caminos, Canales y Puertos) started at end of 18th century in Spain adopting the French models of Upper Schools for state civil servants with exam at entry. After 1800 intense wars, to conserve forest regions Ingenieros de Montes appeared as Upper School, and in 1855 also the Ingenieros Agrnomos to push up related techniques and practices. Other Engineers appeared as Upper Schools but more towards private factories. These ES got all adapted Lower Schools of Ingeniero Tecnico. Recently both grew much in number and evolved, linked also to recognized Professions. Spanish society, into European Community, evolved across year 2000, in part highly well, but with severe discordances, that caused severe youth unemployment with 2008-2011 crisis. With Bolonia process high formal changes step in from 2010-11, accepted with intense adaptation. The Lower Schools are changing towards the Upper Schools, and both that have shifted since 2010-11 various 4-years careers (Grado), some included into the precedent Professions, and diverse Masters. Acceptation of them to get students has started relatively well, and will evolve, and acceptation of new grades for employment in Spain, Europe or outside will be essential. Each Grado has now quite rigid curricula and programs, MOODLE was introduced to connect pupils, some specific uses of Personal Computers are taught in each subject. Escuela de Agronomos centre, reorganized with its old name in its precedent buildings at entrance of Campus Moncloa, offers Grados of Agronomic Engineering and Science for various public and private activities for agriculture, Alimentary Engineering for alimentary activities and control, Agro-Environmental Engineering more related to environment activities, and in part Biotechnology also in laboratories in Campus Monte-Gancedo for Biotechnology of Plants and Computational Biotechnology. Curricula include Basics, Engineering, Practices, Visits, English, ?project of end of career?, Stays. Some masters will conduce to specific professional diploma, list includes now Agro-Engineering, Agro-Forestal Biotechnology, Agro and Natural Resources Economy, Complex Physical Systems, Gardening and Landscaping, Rural Genie, Phytogenetic Resources, Plant Genetic Resources, Environmental Technology for Sustainable Agriculture, Technology for Human Development and Cooperation.
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La tesis destaca la influencia que ejerci la teora, las tcnicas y la metodologa de proyecto de los principales tratados de la poca renacentista en la concepcin, diseo y realizacin de algunos de los ms importantes jardines de la poca. Los tratados de Vitruvio, Alberti, Filarete, Di Giorgio, Serlio, Palladio, Colonna y Del Riccio establecen una nueva esttica y una nueva visin del mundo, basadas en la geometra elemental y en los nmeros simples. En la Grecia antigua, Platn y Pitgoras intuyeron la necesidad existencial del hombre de apoyarse en unas leyes seguras de orden superior. Sus teoras sobre las leyes del Universo son retomadas y aplicadas en el arte y en el jardn por Vitruvio y por los tratadistas del Renacimiento. Segn los tratadistas, la esttica es el ncleo generador del que se activan la informacin y las leyes hacia todos los campos del conocimiento y de la vida social y, por lo tanto, la finalidad de los tratados es buscar, a travs de un procedimiento cientfico y racional, las reglas de la belleza. Las leyes estticas formuladas por los tratadistas examinados se aplican con el mismo rigor y respeto ya sea al paisaje que al jardn, exaltando el elemento natural al igual que el construido (la ciudad y la arquitectura). De los tratados renacentistas se han extrados trminos y conceptos que ayudan a revalorizar, reinterpretar e integrar en el debate los temas del paisaje y del jardn. La tesis sostiene que: 1) una idea moderna de jardn se tiene que fundar en la historia; 2) que la historia es indispensable incluso para enfrentar el problema del mantenimiento y de la restauracin de los jardines histricos; 3) que la teora y las ideas que tienen valor, as como nos ensea Alberti, producen obras que tambin tienen valor; 4) la influencia de la esttica de los tratadistas se encuentra incluso en algunos importantes jardines de poca moderna y contempornea. El captulo 1 contiene la definicin de tratado y la concepcin esttica del Renacimiento, analizada por medio de: a) la idea de ciencia y b) a travs de las pinturas. Los captulos 2 y 3 contienen respectivamente los principios tericos de los tratados y el diseo, la metodologa, las tcnicas constructivas y los mtodos de representacin del proyecto segn los tratadistas. Estos captulos resultan propeduticos de los captulos siguientes por proporcionar el instrumento de lectura e interpretacin de los jardines renacentistas y modernos. El captulo 4 destaca la gran influencia de los tratados sobre las villas y jardines renacentistas y describe sus elementos. El ltimo captulo, el quinto, contiene un anlisis de algunos jardines modernos. Entre ellos: Chiswick, la Villa I Tatti, Sutton Place, y la Villa Il Roseto que renuevan y prosiguen, en nuestra opinin, la leccin de los tratadistas. El primer anexo contiene la propuesta de lneas de investigacin que surgen a la luz de la tesis, y el segundo anexo contiene las noticias biogrficas de los tratadistas examinados. ABSTRACT The thesis investigates the influence exercised by the theory, techniques and project methodology contained in the most relevant essays on art and architecture of the Renaissance on the concept, design and making of some of the most important gardens of that time. The essays of Vitruvius, Alberti, Filarete, Di Giorgio, Serlio, Palladio, Colonna y Del Riccio established a new concept of aesthetics and a vision of the world based on basic geometry and simple numbers. In ancient Greece, Plato and Pythagoras understood that humans needed superior laws to anchor their existences. Their theories on laws of the Universe were adopted and applied in art and gardening by Vitruvius and Renaissance essays authors. According to the authors of these essays, aesthetics represents the core generating information and laws that branch out toward all the fields of knowledge and social life. Therefore, the purpose of art and architecture essays consists in exploring, through a scientific and rational process, the rules of beauty. The laws of aesthetics proposed by the authors apply to landscaping and gardening with the same rigor and exalt the natural component as much as the artificial one (city and architecture). Several terms and concepts are also extracted that, despite their age, still help us to understand and enrich the contemporary debate revolving around landscaping and gardening. The thesis argues that: 1) the modern idea of gardening must be based on history; 2) history is fundamental even to address the topics of maintenance and restoration of historical gardens; 3) like Leon Battista Alberti maintains, valid theory and ideas produce valuable works; 4) the influence played by aesthetics on authors can be found in many important modern and contemporary gardens. Chapter 1 contains the definition of essay and of the Renaissance concept of aesthetics, analyzed by: a) the idea of science and 2) the analysis of some paintings of the period. Chapters 2 and 3 discuss respectively the theoretical principles of the essays and the design, methodology, construction techniques and the methods of representation of the project according to the authors. These chapters are preparatory toward the following chapters and provide us with the keys necessary to read and interpret Renaissance and modern gardens. Chapter 4 highlights the great influence exercised by those authors on the planning of important villas and gardens from the Renaissance while describing their elements. The 5th and final chapter analyzes some modern gardens among which Chiswick, Villa I Tatti, Sutton Place, Villa Il Roseto. These villas renew and in our opinion carry on the lesson of the essays written in the Renaissance. The first addendum suggests future lines of research derived from the thesis, while the second addendum contains biographical information regarding the authors examined.
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Human health problems and solutions. Urban gardening has spread worldwide in recent years as it enhances food security and selfsupply and promotes community integration. However urban soils are significantly enriched in trace elements relative to background levels. Exposure to the soil in urban gardens may therefore result in adverse health effects depending on the degree of contact during gardening, infant recreational activities and ingestion of vegetables grown in them. In order to evaluate this potential risk, 36 composite samples were collected from the top 20 cm of the soil of 6 urban gardens in Madrid. The aqua regia (pseudototal) and glycine-extractable (bioaccessible) concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Additionally, pH, texture, Fe, Ca, and Mn concentrations, and organic matter and calcium carbonate contents were determined in all urban gardens and their influence on trace element bioaccessibility was analyzed.
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Previous research shows that during the period of Japanese American internment gardening became a popular activity for the interned. Primarily approached historically, little work has been conducted to archaeologically analyze the efforts of landscaping by former internees. Gardening activity can paint a better picture of Japanese American identity during the period of forced confinement. This research investigates internee gardens methodologically through surface survey, ground penetrating radar, excavation, oral history, soil chemistry, archaeobotany, and palynology. The thorough investigation of landscaping efforts of internees builds upon knowledge of expression within Japanese American relocation centers, as well as the understanding of a lineage of gardening as Japanese immigrant tradition. Using available materials, gardeners adapted both tradition and environment for the purpose of improving conditions under internment and maintaining an affiliation to heritage. My examination of internee landscaping better explains how many collectively maintained, adapted, and publicly expressed an ethnic identity.
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Se presentan varias citas del carraspique leoso localmente denominado Blanca de lhivern (Iberis semperflorens L.), que no haba sido citado expresamente en localidades espaolas. Se encuentra principalmente distribuido en el 80% de las poblaciones del Matarraa aragons, como una importante planta cultivada en macetas de floracin invernal. Se ha constatado el cuidado y formas de multiplicacin tradicionales, as como el valor de las plantas con ms aos, que son transferidas como un tesoro entre distintas generaciones de mujeres.
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Cymbalaria aequitriloba (Viv.) A.Chev., es una planta endmica del rea Tirrnica (Sicilia, Crcega, Cerdea y algunos puntos de Italia peninsular), que tambin alcanza las Islas Baleares. Ha sido encontrada en Torre de Arcas (Teruel) como una planta cultivada o accidental, presente en jardineras de floracin invernal, constituyendo un elemento muy particular de la jardinera popular del Matarraa aragons. Que sepamos, es la primera vez que se cita esta especie en Espaa peninsular. Presenta una gran variabilidad morfolgica lo que dificulta su identificacin, no obstante es fcilmente diferenciable de C. muralis, la especie ms cultivada en la zona. En esta regin, tienen por costumbre remover la tierra tras la floracin pues la planta pierde belleza, luego vuelve a aparecer en la siguiente estacin por renuevo vegetativo o algunas plantas de semilla, motivo que no nos ha permitido estudiar plantas en fructificacin. Todo Aragn, pero especialmente el Matarraa, tuvieron estrechos lazos comerciales con Italia durante el s. XIV-XV (principalmente exportando la lana), hecho que pudo favorecer el intercambio de materiales vegetales, como ya se ha podido constatar previamente con otras plantas similares.
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Register (Index) Bd.1-10, 1822-1834
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v.9 (1866)
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v.14 (1871)
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v.4 (1861)
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v.12 (1869)
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n.r.:Bd.2 1854
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v.3 (1860)
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2
