977 resultados para Exciton à transfert de charge


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Report for the scientific sojourn carried out at the Paul Drude Institut für Festkörperelektronik of the Stanford University, USA, from 2010 to 2012. The objective of this project is the transport and control of electronic charge and spin along GaAs-based semiconductor heterostructures. The electronic transport has been achieved by taking advantage of the piezolectric field induced by surface acoustic waves in non-centrosymmetric materials like GaAs. This piezolectric field separates photogenerated electrons and holes at different positions along the acoustic wave, where they acummulate and are transported at the same velocity as the wave. Two different kinds of structures have been studied: quantum wells grown along the (110) direction, both intrinsic and n-doped, as well as GaAs nanowires. The analysis of the charge acoustic transport was performed by micro-photoluminescence, whereas the detection of the spin transport was done either by analyzing the polarization state of the emitted photoluminescence or by Kerr reflectometry. Our results in GaAs quantum wells show that charge and spin transport is clearly observed at the non-doped structures,obtaining spin lifetimes of the order of several nanoseconds, whereas no acoutically induced spin transport was detected for the n-doped quantum wells. In the GaAs nanowires, we were able of transporting successfully both electrons and holes along the nanowire axis, but no conservation of the spin polarization has been observed until now. The photoluminescence emitted by these structures after acoustic transport, however, shows anti-bunching characteristics, making this system a very good candidate for its use as single photon emitters.

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White-light cystoscopy and cytology are the standard tools to diagnose bladder cancer. White-light cystoscopy is excellent to detect macroscopic exophytic tumors, but its sensitivity is poor for flat tumors such as carcinoma in situ. Use of fluorescence cystoscopy during transurethral bladder resection improve tumor detection, particulary for carcinoma in situ. Fluorescence cystoscopy reduce residual tumor rate, especially for voluminous and multifocal tumors with consecutive lower recurrence. Fluorescence is now recommended to diagnose and treat bladder cancer.

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The prevalence of food allergy in children is increasing, in particular in its most severe presentation, i.e. anaphylaxis. Food allergy has an important impact on children's and their parent's quality of life, because of the fear of accidental ingestion and limitations of social activities. Quality of life questionnaires adapted to food allergy are now available, as well as new diagnostic procedures using recombinant technology. Their interpretation and their clinical correlation remain difficult, especially in children, in the absence of references values. Various oral and subcutaneous immunotherapy strategies are currently under evaluation, using modified or native allergens.

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Les sinusites maxillaires sont des infections fréquentes de la sphère ORL. On retrouve une étiologie dentaire dans environ 10% des cas. L'extension des infections dentaires dans le sinus maxillaire est possible en raison de la proximité des racines des dents postérieures avec le bas fond sinusien. Une source odontogène doit être suspectée chez les patients ayant une anamnèse de douleur ou d'infection dentaires, de soins dentaires récents et qui présentent une sinusite unilatérale prolongée ou résistant à un traitement conservateur habituel. Les infections d'origine dentaire possèdent une flore bactérienne mixte. Le diagnostic et la prise en charge nécessitent un bilan radiologique précis. Le traitement doit prendre en charge conjointement la cause dentaire et la sinusite. Un geste chirurgical peut être indiqué dans un deuxième temps afin de restaurer la fonction sinusienne. Maxillary sinusitis are common infections. A dental origin is found in about 10% of the cases. The roots of the posterior maxillary teeth are adjacent to the sinus floor. Extensions of dental infections are therefore possible to the sinus. An odontogenic source should be considered in patients with a history of dental pain or recent oral surgery and those with extended unilateral sinusitis or unilateral sinusitis resistant to conventional treatment. Maxillary sinusitis of dental origin are polymicrobial infections. Conventional radiographs and CT-scans are required for the diagnosis and proper management. Dental treatments to remove the underlying cause combined with oral antibiotics to treat the infection are required. Endoscopic or open surgery may be necessary to complete the treatment and restore adequate sinusal function.

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The success of therapies for a number of pediatric disorders has posed new challenges for the long-term follow-up of adolescents with chronic endocrinopathies. Unfortunately, too many patients are lost during the transfer from pediatric to adult clinics. The transition process should be well-organized and include the young person and family. Recognizing the special needs of these adolescents is an important step in developing patient-centered approaches to care that enable patients to develop autonomy and self care skills. Key elements in this process include structured policies and guidelines, communication and close collaboration between pediatric and adult clinics, and integrating nurse clinicians in the transition process to help close the gaps in care.

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Idiopathic premature ventricular complexes originating from the ventricular outflow tract: evaluation, prognosis and management The prognosis of ventricular premature complexes (VPC) in the absence of heart disease is considered benign. VPC usually originate from the right or, less commonly, left ventricular outflow tract. QRS complexes therefore usually assume a left bundle branch block and inferior axis morphology. These VPC, particularly if very frequent (> 20,000 per day), may adversely affect left ventricular function and their suppression can restore normal function. Moreover, there is a clinical overlap with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and this diagnosis should be considered when facing a left bundle branch block shaped VPC. However, the prognosis of outflow tract VPC is good for appropriately selected patients with normal left ventricular function, absence of syncope or ventricular tachycardia, and no evidence of cardiac disease.

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Introduction: Les services d'urgences sont régulièrement confrontés à des intoxications par ingestion de champignons. Ces situations, souvent banales, peuvent nécessiter une prise en charge intensive et comporter un risque réel de morbi-mortalité, en particulier lors de cytolyse hépatique aiguë. La prévalence, ainsi que la fréquence réelle des complications liées à l'ingestion de champignons sont mal connues. Méthodes: Etude rétrospective dans un service d'urgence universitaire entre décembre 2004 et octobre 2011. Les codes diagnostics «intoxication aux champignons», ainsi que les termes «amanite» ou «champignons» ont été extraits de la base de données des urgences. Les caractéristiques des patients, leurs présentations cliniques, durées de séjour et complications ont été analysées. Résultats: 72 cas ont été répertoriés et revus, âge 44,3 ± 2,0 ans (moy ± SE, 95%CI 40,2-48,4), ratio H:F 1:1,2 (33H, 39F). 81% des cas sont survenus entre août et décembre. 14 cas sont arrivés sous forme de clusters familiaux (35 patients, moyenne = 2,6 cas/cluster, min: 2, max: 7). Un spécialiste en mycologie a été contacté dans 25 cas pour identifier les champignons. 69 patients (96%) sont rentrés à domicile depuis les urgences (séjour de 10,8 ± 1,3 heures, 95%CI 8,2-13,4 h). Lorsque les symptômes survenaient <= 4 heures après l'ingestion, les patients restaient moins longtemps (N = 57, durée séjour médiane 6,1 h, P25-P75 3,2-11,8 h) que les cas avec des symptômes plus tardifs (N = 15, durée séjour médiane 13,3 h, P25-P75 10,2-36,2) (p = 0,0001 selon Mann-Whitney). Une patiente a nécessité un transfert dans un centre spécialisé (intoxication par amanite phalloïde, avec dosage positif de l'alpha-amanitine). Elle a bénéficié de silibinine et d'une hospitalisation (9 jours), avec une évolution favorable sans nécessité de transplantation. Les symptômes étaient apparus tardivement (7 h). Conclusions: Sur les 72 cas, un seul (1,4%) a nécessité une prise en charge spécialisée. Les autres patients ont pu rentrer à domicile dans les heures qui ont suivi leur admission. Une grande partie des cas est survenue entre août et décembre, période favorable pour la récolte ou la consommation de champignons. Cette analyse confirme que la plupart des cas sont bénins et que les patients peuvent rentrer rapidement à domicile une fois les symptômes passés. Le seul cas potentiellement grave a présenté des symptômes tardifs et une longue hospitalisation, ce qui réaffirme les données de la littérature.

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The widespread use of abdominal imaging technologies has led to an increase in the incidental finding of liver tumors. Most of these lesions are asymptomatic and will not require any treatment. With the use of contrast-enhanced radiological studies, most of the tumors can be reliably diagnosed by non-invasive means. In case of diagnostic uncertainty, patients should not undergo percutaneous biopsy but rather complete resection of the lesion for an unequivocal diagnosis. Such pathologies must be taken charge of in centers with expertise by interdisciplinary teams.

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Diagnostic and treatment management of prostate cancer at its initial stage continues to raise important debates within the involved medical community. To establish a protocol for active surveillance, a validated option in specific conditions of localised prostate cancer management for eight years, is a unique opportunity to gather different specialists in this field. This paper presents this concept.

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In the last 15 years, the therapeutical options for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases in rheumatology have increased a lot. Nevertheless, some patients do not respond or respond partially to the current therapies--including to the biologics therapy. Tofacitinib (Xeljanz) is now on the Swiss market. It inhibits the JAK pathway. Tofacitinib--as monotherapy or with methotrexate--improves the control of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In a comparative study, tofacitinib was as effective as adalimumab. Further, tofacitinib reduced structural damages in RA and is considered as an alternative, in case of non-response, to anti-TNF and probably to other biologics therapy. The side effects are upper respiratory tract and opportunist infections and tuberculosis. Blood count, lipids, kidney function, liver tests, CK and blood pressure have to be monitored.