Analysis and retrofitting design of a single-span R.C. bridge

This paper deals with the case history of a damaged one-span prestressed concrete bridge on a crucial artery near the city of Cagliari (Sardinia), along the sea-side. After being involved in a disastrous flood, attention has arisen on the worrying safety state of the deck, submitted to an intense daily traffic load. Evident signs of this severe condition were the deterioration of the beams concrete and the corrosion, the lack of tension and even the rupture of the prestressing cables. After performing a limited in situ test campaign, consisting of sclerometer, pull out and carbonation depth tests, a first evaluation of the safety of the structure was performed. After collecting the data of dynamic and static load tests as well, a comprehensive analysis have been carried out, also by means of a properly calibrated F.E. model. Finally the retrofitting design is presented, consisting of the reparation and thickening of the concrete cover, providing flexural and shear FRP external reinforcements and an external prestressing system, capable of restoring a satisfactory bearing capacity, according to the current national codes. The intervention has been calibrated by the former F.E. model with respect to transversal effects and influence of local and overall deformation of reinforced elements. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group.

First report of the cyanotoxins cylindrospermopsin and deoxycylindrospermopsin from Raphidiopsis curvata (Cyantobacteria)

A strain of Raphidiopsis (Cyanobacteria) isolated from a fish pond in Wuhan, P. R. China was examined for its taxonomy and production of the alkaloidal hepatotoxins cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and deoxy-cylindrospermopsin (deoxy-CYN). Strain HB1 was identified as R. curvata Fritsch et Rich based on morphological examination of the laboratory culture. HB1 produced mainly deoxy-CYN at a concentration of 1.3 mg(.)g(-1) (dry ut cells) by HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS. CYN was also detected in trace amounts (0.56 mug(.)g(-1)). A mouse bioassay did not show lethal toxicity when tested at doses up to 1500 mg dry weight cells(.)kg(-1) body weight within 96 h, demonstrating that production of primarily deoxy CYN does not lead to significant mouse toxicity by strain BB I. The presence of deoxy-CYN and CYN in R curvata suggests that Raphidiopsis belongs to the Nostocaceae, but this requires confirmation by molecular systematic studies. Production of these cyanotoxins by Raphidiopsis adds another genus, in addition to Cylindrospemopsis, Aphanizomenon, and Umezakia, now known to produce this group of hepatotoxic cyanotoxins. This is also the first report from China of a CYN and deoxy-CYN producing cyanobacterium.

Proton irradiation-induced defects in undoped GaSb studied by positron lifetime spectroscopy and photoluminescence

Undoped GaSb was irradiated by 2.6 MeV protons. The irradiation-induced defects were studied by positron lifetime spectroscopy (PLS) and photoluminescence (PL). Positron lifetime measurements showed that vacancy-type defects were introduced after irradiation, and divacancies were formed at higher irradiation dose. Annealing experiments revealed there were different annealing steps between the as grown and proton-irradiated samples, the reason for which was tentatively attributed to the formation of divacancies in the proton-irradiated samples during annealing. All the vacancy defects could be annealed out at around 500 degrees C. The PL intensity quickly fell down after proton irradiation and decreased with increasing irradiation dose, indicating that irradiation induced non-irradiative recombination centers, whose candidates were assigned to the vacancy defects induced by proton irradiation.

Violet/blue photoluminescence from CeO2 thin film

CeO2 thin film was fabricated by dual ion beam epitaxial technique. The violet/blue PL at room temperature and lower temperature was observed from the CeO2 thin film. After the analysis of crystal structure and valence in the compound was carried out by the XRD and XPS technique, it was inferred that the origin of CeO2 PL was due to the electrons transition from Ce4f band to O2p band and the defect level to O2p band. And these defects levels were located in the range of 1 eV around Ce4f band.

SpMV的自动性能优化实现技术及其应用研究

在科学计算中,稀疏矩阵向量乘(SpMV)是一个十分重要且经常被大量调用的计算内核.由于SpMV一般实现算法的浮点计算和存储访问次数比率非常低,且其存储访问模式极为不规则,其实际运行性能往往很低.通过采用寄存器分块算法和启发式分块大小选择算法,将稀疏矩阵分成小的稠密分块,重用保存在寄存器中向量x元素,可以提高该计算内核的性能.剖析和总结了OSKI软件包所采用的若干关键优化技术,并进行了实际应用性能测试.测试表明,在实际应用这些优化技术的过程中,应用程序对SpMV的调用次数要达到上百次的量级,才能抵消由于应用这些性能优化技术所带来的额外时间开销,取得性能加速效果.在Pentium4和AMD Athlon平台上,测试了10个矩阵,其平均加速比分别达到了1.69和1.48.

基于基因规划的主机异常入侵检测模型

异常检测技术假设所有的入侵行为都会偏离正常行为模式.尝试寻找一种新的异常入侵检测模型改善准确性和效率.模型利用应用程序的系统调用序列,通过基因规划建立了正常行为模式.模型的一个例程管理一个进程.当它发现进程的实际系统调用序列模式偏离正常的行为模式时,会将进程设标记为入侵,并采取应急措施.还给出了基因规划的适应度计算方法以及两个生成下一代的基本算子.通过与现有一些模型的比较,该模型具有更好的准确性和更高的效率.

一种应用敏感的Web服务请求调度策略

在当前企业级Web服务应用中，性能问题一直是人们关注的重点．然而作为支撑Web服务应用的主流平台，Web应用服务器对请求的调度仍然是传统的先来先服务策略（FCFS）．这种策略无法区分请求的重要性，降低了关键请求的性能．以往的研究较少从应用的性能需求出发考虑服务器的请求调度机制，影响了服务器性能保障的效果．对此，提出了应用敏感的Web服务请求调度策略（AWSRS），使用应用获益来评估服务器为应用提供的性能保障效果．服务器将请求按照应用的需求进行分类，并按照应用获益最大化的目标为不同类型的请求分配资源．实验表明AWSRS策略能够有效提高关键请求的性能．

稀土与酸性磷（膦）酸酯固体配合物的合成、结构和振动光谱研究

本文合成了Ln(DMD)_3 (Ln = La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Ho, Yb, Lu, Y), Ln(DEP)_3 (Ln = La, Sm, Eu, Ho, Yb), Ln (DBP)_3 (Ln = La, Eu, Yb), Ln(BBP)_3 (Ln = La, Eu, Yb), Ln(DEHP)_3 (Ln = La, Ce,..., Lu, Y), Ln(EH[EHP])_3 (Ln = La, Ce,..., Lu, Y), 其中Ln(DMP)_3, Ln(DEP)_3, Ln (DBP)_3, Ln(BBP)_3为本文首次合成。培养出了未见文献报导的Pr(DMP)_3, La(DMP)_3·TMP配合物的单晶，晶体结构表明，Pr(DMP)_3中Pr原子的配位数为6， 配位多面体为稍扭曲的正八面体，配体以“O-P-O”桥和稀土离子配位而形成奇特的“双桥二十四环”的环套环的网状结构。La(DMP)_3·TMP中，La的配位数为7，配位多面体为扭曲的单帽三棱柱，配合物中中性磷酸酯TMP以P=0中的O与La配位，酸性配体以“O-P-O”桥的形式和La配位而形成奇特的“交替二—四桥”的链状结构。这两种配位方式及结构是文献中未报导过的。对配合物进行了热分析，根据热失重百分数并结合残渣的红外光谱证实，最终的分解产物为稀土偏酸盐。研究了配合物在4000-100cm~(-1)范围内的FTS-IR光谱和1500-50cm~(-1)范围内的拉曼光谱，对其主要的振动谱带进行了归属。其中150cm~(-1)附近的“稀土敏感带”指认为Ln-O配位键的伸缩振动带（νLn-O）。我们还指认了与配位密切相关的PO_2基团的ν_(as)PO_2带为1200-1136cm~(-1)，ν_sPO_2带为1126- 1064cm~(-1)。同时对Ln(DRP)_3配合物的ν_(as)PO_2(c), ν_sPO_2(c), νc-o-(p)异相，νc-o-(p)同相，νc-o-(o)，δPO_2等的振动带以及Ln(RRP)_3配合物中νp-o-(c), νp-c, νc-c-(o), νc-c-(p), δPO_2等的振动带进行了相应的指认。νLn-o频率较低，力常数（约为0.2mDyn/A）较小，所以Ln-o键基本上为离子键，配合物Δν值（Δν = ν_(as)PO_2 - ν_sPO_2）远小于Na盐中的Δν值，Ln-O键具有部分共价性质且随“镧系收缩”Ln-O键共价成分增大。通过对Ln(DRP)_3类配合物振动光谱的研究，Ln(DRP)_3配合物具有和Pr(DMP)_3单晶相似的配位形式和结构类型。Ln(RRP)_3的振动光谱和Ln(EH[EHP])_3的快原子轰击质谱结果, Ln(RRP)_3类配合物具有与Pr(DMP)_3相类似的确配位形式和结构类型。利用配合物的结构，对HDEHP和HEH[EHP]萃取稀土离子的萃取机理给予解释和说明。

Pulse Compression by Filamentation in Argon with an Acoustic Optical Programmable Dispersive Filter for Predispersion Compensation

We have experimentally demonstrated pulses 0.4 mJ in duration smaller than 12 fs with an excellent spatial beam profile by self-guided propagation in argon. The original 52 fs pulses from the chirped pulsed amplification laser system are first precompressed to 32 fs by inserting an acoustic optical programmable dispersive filter instrument into the laser system for spectrum reshaping and dispersion compensation, and the pulse spectrum is subsequently broadened by filamentation in an argon cell. By using chirped mirrors for post-dispersion compensation, the pulses are successfully compressed to smaller than 12 fs.

Investigation on Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd fractions in the natural surface coatings sampled and surficial sediments collected in the Songhua River, China

Natural surface coatings sampled (NSCSs) from the surface of shingles and surficial sediments (SSs) in the Songhua River, China were employed to investigate the similarities and difference in fractions of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) between NSCSs and SSs using the modified sequential extraction procedure (MSEP). The results show that the differences between NSCSs and SSs in Fe fractions were insignificant and Fe was dominantly present as residual phase (76.22% for NSCSs and 80.88% for SSs) and Fe-oxides phase (20.33% for NSCSs and 16.15% for SSs). Significant variation of Mn distribution patterns between NSCSs and SSs was observed with Mn in NSCSs mainly present in Mn-oxides phase (48.27%) and that in SSs present as residual phase (45.44%). Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd were found dominantly in residual fractions (>48%), and next in solid oxides/hydroxides for Zn, Pb and Cd and in easily oxidizable solids/compounds form for Cu, respectively. The heavy metal distribution pattern implied that Fe/Mn oxides both in NSCSs and SSs were more important sinks for binding and adsorption of Zn, Pb and Cd than organic matter (OM), and inversely, higher affinity of Cu to OM than Fe/Mn oxides in NSCSs and SSs was obtained. Meanwhile, it was found that the distributions of heavy metals in NSCSs and SSs were similar to each other and the pseudo-total concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in NSCSs were greater than those in SSs, highlighting the more importance for NSCSs than SSs in controlling behaviours of heavy metals in aquatic environments.