中国古代釉砂和玻砂

釉砂和玻砂是古玻璃的前身,和古玻璃相比有着不同的成分组成和化学结构.考古资料显示中国釉砂和玻砂的持续时间自西周初期至东汉时期.用质子激发X荧光技术和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱分析了几个出土于中国内蒙古、甘肃、河南的釉砂和玻砂管珠的化学成分.用X射线衍射和扫描电镜测定样品的显微形貌.结合已经报道的釉砂和玻砂的化学成分,探讨了釉砂、玻砂的现代科技鉴定方法以及对古玻璃研究的重要意义.同时,还讨论了中国釉砂与古埃及釉砂的成分差异,论证了中国古代釉砂的自主生产特征.

Eu mesma matei meu filho: do filicídio materno como poética trágica em Eurípides, Goethe e García Lorca

A presente tese investiga as poéticas do trágico nas obras teatrais de Eurípides (Grécia, c. 484 406 a.C.), Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Alemanha, 1749 1832) e Federico García Lorca (Espanha, 1898 1936) e defende que, nos três autores, as concepções estéticas do trágico se constituem principalmente sobre a representação poética do filicídio materno. A antinomia trágica engendrada, metaforicamente, no assassinato da criança pelas mãos daquela que lhe deu a vida é tema de Medeia (431 a.C.), Tragédia de Margarida (1790) e Yerma (1934), obras fundamentais para compreender a visada trágica dos três poetas aqui, em respectivo, estudados. O conflito com o sagrado e com a razão, ao apontar para a afirmação trágica do corpo e do feminino, frequenta as três obras. O paralelismo entre as dimensões política e estética é, por conseguinte, patente nos três dramas, ao mesmo tempo em que cada um dos autores, com contexto e assinatura próprios, configura uma ideia estética acerca do trágico inteiramente singular. O diálogo entre literatura e filosofia, ou entre intuição e conceito, atravessa, nesta tese, a leitura do trágico na metáfora do filicídio. Sob tal perspectiva, a Medeia de Eurípides impõe-se no centro do debate entre socráticos e sofistas, e aborda temas, como o domínio das paixões sobre a razão, que também aliciaram autores como Platão, Aristóteles e Nietzsche. A Gretchentragödie, de Goethe, apresenta-se, por sua vez, como obra poética aonde convergem as mais calorosas discussões estéticas do moderno pensamento alemão, como as questões do sublime (Kant, Schiller) e da vontade (Schopenhauer). Yerma, de García Lorca, será também uma obra de convergência filosófica, expressando a nueva manera espiritualista que marca a última fase da produção lorquiana: a perspectiva trágica de Nietzsche, na afirmação do corpo como grande razão, assim como o diálogo de Lorca com o pensamento de Miguel de Unamuno sobre El sentimiento trágico de la vida, caracteriza uma espécie de tragédia às avessas, que nega o sagrado e afirma o trágico como síntese libertária do eu, do corpo e do feminino

Frame-level features conveying phonetic information for language and speaker recognition

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Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters of Er3+ doped mixed alkali aluminophosphate glasses

Lithium sodium mixed alkali aluminophosphate glasses of the composition xNa(2)O-(15-x)Li2O-4B(2)O(3)-11Al(2)O(3)-5BaO-65P(2)O(5) (where x=0, 3.75, 7.5, 11.25 and 15 mol%) containing 0.5 mol% Er2O3 were prepared by melt quenching. The absorption spectra of Er3+ were studied from the experimental oscillator strengths and the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters were obtained. The variations of Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters (Omega(2), Omega(4) and Omega(6)), experimental oscillator strengths of certain excited states of Er3+ and hypersensitive band positions with different mixed alkali content have been discussed in detail. It was found that there were similar effects of mixed alkali on both Judd-Ofelt intensity parameter 02 and the experimental oscillator strength of the hypersensitive transition, I-4(15/2) -> H-2(11/2). No shifts in the peak wavelength of the studied transitions were found in different glasses. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A review of the Japanese longline fishery for tunas and billfishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean, 1993-1997

English: This report reviews the Japanese longline fishery in the eastern Pacific Ocean during the 1993-1997 period, extending the studies for the 1956-1992 period made by other investigators. The spatial and temporal distributions of fishing effort, catch, apparent abundance, sexual maturity, and size composition are examined for the principal species of tunas and billfishes taken by that fishery. Some information on the catches of sharks by the Japanese longline fishery is given. The interactions between the surface and longline fisheries are discussed. Spanish: En este informe se presenta un análisis de la actividad pesquera de buques palangreros japoneses en el Océano Pacífico oriental durante el período de 1993-1997, extendiendo los estudios del período de 1956-1992 realizados por otros investigadores. Se examinan las distribuciones espacial y temporal del esfuerzo de pesca, la captura, la abundancia aparente, la madurez sexual, y la composición por talla de las principales especies de atunes y picudos capturadas por dicha pesquería. Se presenta cierta información sobre las capturas de tiburones por la pesquería palangrera japonesa. Se describen las interacciones entre las pesquerías de superficie y palangrera.

The spectroscopic properties of Er3(+)-doped TeO2-Nb2O5 glasses with high mechanical strength performance

(100 - x)TeO2 - xNb(2)O(5) (x=5-20) mobic tellurite glasses doped with 0.5 mol.% Er2O3 were synthesized, and their thermal, mechanical, and spectroscopic properties were measured and compared to the properties of the typical 75TeO(2)-20ZnO-5Na(2)O (TZN) tellurite glass. The refractive index (n(d)), density (p), and glass transition temperature (T-g) of bulk glasses increase with the Nb2O5 content. The Vickers microhardness (H-v) of bulk glass in niobic tellurite glasses also increases with the Nb2O5 content. The values (2.5-3.2 GPa) of H, in the niobic tellurite glasses are 47-88% larger than that (1.7 GPa) in TZN glass. The effect of Nb2O5 content on absorption spectra, the Judd-Ofelt parameters Omega(t) (t = 2, 4, 6), fluorescence spectra and the lifetimes of Er3+ :I-13/2 level were also investigated, and the stimulated emission crosssection was calculated from McCumber theory. With increasing Nb2O5 content in the glass composition, the Omega(t) (t = 2, 4, 6) parameters, fluorescence full width at half maximum (FWHM) Of I-13/2 of Er3+ increase, while the I-4(13/2) lifetimes of Er3+ decreases. Compared with TZN glass, the gain bandwidth properties of Er3+-doped TeO2-Nb2O5 glass is much larger than in tellurite glass based TeO2-ZnO-Na2O system, bismush-based glass, germanate, and silicate glasses, which indicates that TeO2-Nb2O5 glasses are better choice as a practical available host material for broadband Er3+-doped amplifier. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

表面处理对蓝宝石衬底的影响

蓝宝石衬底是目前最为普遍的一种衬底材料，是生长GaN、Zno材料最常用的衬底。本文用光学显微镜、原子力显微镜(AFM)和高分辨X射线双晶衍射对蓝宝石衬底进行了分析测试，系统研究了经过机械抛光、化学机械抛光、化学腐蚀等表面处理对蓝宝石衬底表面性能的影响。结果表明经过化学机械抛光随后再经腐蚀后的蓝宝石衬底的表面性能最好。

The effects of oxygen partial pressure on the optical absorption edge and the UV emission energy of ZnO films

The optical absorption edge and ultraviolet (UV) emission energy of ZnO films deposited by direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering at room temperature have been investigated. With the oxygen ratio increasing, the structure of films changes from zinc and zinc oxide coexisting phase to single-phase ZnO and finally to the highly (002) orientation. Both the grain size and the stress of ZnO film vary with the oxygen partial pressure. Upon increasing the oxygen partial pressure in the growing ambient, the visible emission in the room-temperature photoluminescence spectra was suppressed without sacrificing the band-edge emission intensity in the ultraviolet region. The peaks of photoluminescence spectra were located at 3.06---3.15 eV. From optical transmittance spectra of ZnO films, the optical band gap edge was observed to shift towards shorter wavelength with the increase of oxygen partial pressure.

Structural and optical properties of nanostructured TiO2 thin films fabricated by glancing angle deposition

TiO2 films deposited by electron beam evaporation with glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique were reported. The influence of flux angle on the surface morphology and the microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The GLAD TiO2 films are anisotropy with highly orientated nanostructure of the slanted columns. With the increase of flux angle, refractive index and packing density decrease. This is caused by the shadowing effect dominating film growth. The anisotropic structure of TiO2 films results in optical birefringence, which reaches its maximum at the flux angle alpha = 65 degrees. The maximum birefringence of GLAD TiO2 films is higher than that of common bulk materials. It is suggested that glancing angle deposition may offer an effective method to obtain tailorable refractive index and birefringence in a large continuous range. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.