Supervisory control of a variable speed wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator

This paper is on an onshore variable speed wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator and under supervisory control. The control architecture is equipped with an event-based supervisor for the supervision level and fuzzy proportional integral or discrete adaptive linear quadratic as proposed controllers for the execution level. The supervisory control assesses the operational state of the variable speed wind turbine and sends the state to the execution level. Controllers operation are in the full load region to extract energy at full power from the wind while ensuring safety conditions required to inject the energy into the electric grid. A comparison between the simulations of the proposed controllers with the inclusion of the supervisory control on the variable speed wind turbine benchmark model is presented to assess advantages of these controls. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Remote operation of embedded controllers designed using IOPT Petri-nets

This paper presents a new communication architecture to enable the remote control, monitoring and debug of embedded-system controllers designed using IOPT Petri nets. IOPT Petri nets and the related tools (http://gres.uninova.pt) have been used as a rapid prototyping and development framework, including model-checking, simulation and automatic code generation tools. The new architecture adds remote operation capabilities to the controllers produced by the automatic code generators, enabling quasi-real-time remote debugging and monitoring using the IOPT simulator tool. Furthermore, it enables the creation of graphical user interfaces for remote operation and the development of distributed systems where a Petri net model running on a central system supervises the actions of multiple remote subsystems. © 2015 IEEE.

Multi-agent management system for electric vehicle charging

This paper proposes an implementation, based on a multi-agent system, of a management system for automated negotiation of electricity allocation for charging electric vehicles (EVs) and simulates its performance. The widespread existence of charging infrastructures capable of autonomous operation is recognised as a major driver towards the mass adoption of EVs by mobility consumers. Eventually, conflicting requirements from both power grid and EV owners require automated middleman aggregator agents to intermediate all operations, for example, bidding and negotiation, between these parts. Multi-agent systems are designed to provide distributed, modular, coordinated and collaborative management systems; therefore, they seem suitable to address the management of such complex charging infrastructures. Our solution consists in the implementation of virtual agents to be integrated into the management software of a charging infrastructure. We start by modelling the multi-agent architecture using a federated, hierarchical layers setup and as well as the agents' behaviours and interactions. Each of these layers comprises several components, for example, data bases, decision-making and auction mechanisms. The implementation of multi-agent platform and auctions rules, and of models for battery dynamics, is also addressed. Four scenarios were predefined to assess the management system performance under real usage conditions, considering different types of profiles for EVs owners', different infrastructure configurations and usage and different loads on the utility grid (where real data from the concession holder of the Portuguese electricity transmission grid is used). Simulations carried with the four scenarios validate the performance of the modelled system while complying with all the requirements. Although all of these have been performed for one charging station alone, a multi-agent design may in the future be used for the higher level problem of distributing energy among charging stations. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

CMOS indoor light energy harvesting system for wireless sensing applications

This book discusses in detail the CMOS implementation of energy harvesting. The authors describe an integrated, indoor light energy harvesting system, based on a controller circuit that dynamically and automatically adjusts its operation to meet the actual light circumstances of the environment where the system is placed. The system is intended to power a sensor node, enabling an autonomous wireless sensor network (WSN). Although designed to cope with indoor light levels, the system is also able to work with higher levels, making it an all-round light energy harvesting system. The discussion includes experimental data obtained from an integrated manufactured prototype, which in conjunction with a photovoltaic (PV) cell, serves as a proof of concept of the desired energy harvesting system. © 2016 Springer International Publishing. All rights are reserved.

Development of a system to monitor surfer’s balance and plantar pressure and surfboard’s movement

O uso da tecnologia tem crescido nas últimas décadas nas mais diversas áreas, seja na indústria ou no dia-a-dia, e é cada vez mais evidente os benefícios que traz. No desporto não é diferente. Cada dia surgem novos desenvolvimentos objetivando a melhoria do desempenho dos praticantes de atividades físicas, possibilitando atingir resultados nunca antes pensados. Além disto, a utilização da tecnologia no desporto permite a obtenção de dados biomecânicos que podem ser utilizados tanto no treinamento quando na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos atletas auxiliando na prevenção de lesões, por exemplo. Deste modo, o presente projeto se aplica na área do desporto, nomeadamente, na modalidade do surfe, onde a ausência de trabalhos científicos ainda é elevada, aliando a tecnologia eletrônica ao desporto para quantificar informações até então desconhecidas. Três fatores básicos de desempenho foram levantados, sendo eles: equilíbrio, posicionamento dos pés e movimentação da prancha de surfe. Estes fatores levaram ao desenvolvimento de um sistema capaz de medi-los dinamicamente através da medição das forças plantares e da rotação da prancha de surfe. Além da medição dos fatores, o sistema é capaz de armazenar os dados adquiridos localmente através de um cartão de memória, para posterior análise; e também enviá-los através de uma comunicação sem fio, permitindo a visualização do centro de pressões plantares; dos ângulos de rotação da prancha de surfe; e da ativação dos sensores; em tempo real. O dispositivo consiste em um sistema eletrônico embarcado composto por um microcontrolador ATMEGA1280; um circuito de aquisição e condicionamento de sinal analógico; uma central inercial; um módulo de comunicação sem fio RN131; e um conjunto de sensores de força Flexiforce. O firmware embarcado foi desenvolvido em linguagem C. O software Matlab foi utilizado para receção de dados e visualização em tempo real. Os testes realizados demostraram que o funcionamento do sistema atende aos requisitos propostos, fornecendo informação acerca do equilíbrio, através do centro de pressões; do posicionamento dos pés, através da distribuição das pressões plantares; e do movimento da prancha nos eixos pitch e roll, através da central inercial. O erro médio de medição de força verificado foi de -0.0012 ± 0.0064 N, enquanto a mínima distância alcançada na transmissão sem fios foi de 100 m. A potência medida do sistema foi de 330 mW.

Maximizing the Social Welfare of Virtual Power Players Operation in Case of Excessive Wind Power

The integration of growing amounts of distributed generation in power systems, namely at distribution networks level, has been fostered by energy policies in several countries around the world, including in Europe. This intensive integration of distributed, non-dispatchable, and natural sources based generation (including wind power) has caused several changes in the operation and planning of power systems and of electricity markets. Sometimes the available non-dispatchable generation is higher than the demand. This generation must be used; otherwise it is wasted if not stored or used to supply additional demand. New policies and market rules, as well as new players, are needed in order to competitively integrate all the resources. The methodology proposed in this paper aims at the maximization of the social welfare in a distribution network operated by a virtual power player that aggregates and manages the available energy resources. When facing a situation of excessive non-dispatchable generation, including wind power, real time pricing is applied in order to induce the increase of consumption so that wind curtailment is minimized. This method is especially useful when actual and day-ahead resources forecast differ significantly. The distribution network characteristics and concerns are addressed by including the network constraints in the optimization model. The proposed methodology has been implemented in GAMS optimization tool and its application is illustrated in this paper using a real 937-bus distribution network with 20.310 consumers and 548 distributed generators, some of them non-dispatchable and with must take contracts. The implemented scenario corresponds to a real day in Portuguese power system.

Environmental/Regatta Buoy: Sensing System

Um dos principais objetivos da ciência é perceber a natureza, i.e., descobrir e explicar o funcionamento do mundo que nos rodeia. Para tal, os cientistas precisam de coligir dados e monitorar o meio ambiente. Em particular, considerando que cerca de 70% da Terra é coberta por água, a coleta de parâmetros de caracterização da água de grandes superfícies é uma prioridade. A monitorização das condições da água é feita principalmente através de bóias. No entanto, as bóias disponíveis no mercado não satisfazem as necessidades existentes. Esta é uma das principais razões que levaram o Laboratório de Sistemas Autónomos (LSA) do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto a lançarem um projeto para o desenvolvimento de uma bóia reconfigurável e com dois modos de funcionamento: monitorização ambiental e baliza ativa de regata. O segundo modo é destinado a regatas de veleiros autónomos. O projeto começou há um ano com um projeto do European Project Project [1] (EPS), realizado por quatro estudantes internacionais, destinado à construção da estrutura da bóia e à selecção dos componentes mais adequados para o sistema de medição e controlo. A arquitetura que foi definida para este sistema é do tipo mestre-escravo e é composta por uma unidade de controlo mestre para a telemetria e configuração e uma unidade de controlo escrava para a medição e armazenamento de dados. O desenvolvimento do projeto continuou com dois estudantes belgas que trabalharam na comunicação e no armazenamento de dados. Este projeto, que prossegue com o desenvolvimento da medição e do armazenamento de dados do lado da unidade de controlo escrava, tem os seguintes objetivos: (i ) implementar o protocolo de comunicação na unidade de controlo escrava; (ii ) coligir e armazenar os dados dos sensores no cartão SD em tempo real; (iii ) fornecer dados em tempo útil; e (iv) recuperar dados do cartão SD em tempo diferido. As contribuições anteriores foram estudadas e foi feito um levantamento dos projetos congéneres existentes. O desenvolvimento do projeto atual começou com o protocolo de comunicação. Este protocolo, que foi projetado pelos alunos anteriores, foi um bom ponto de partida. No entanto, o protocolo foi atualizado e melhorado com novas funcionalidades. Esta última componente foi um trabalho conjunto com Laurens Allart, que esteve a trabalhar no subsistema de telemetria e de configuração durante este semestre. O protocolo foi implementado do lado da unidade de controlo escrava através de uma estrutura de múltiplas actividades paralelas (multithreaded). Esta estrutura recebe as mensagens da unidade mestre, executa as ações solicitadas e envia de volta o resultado. A bóia é um dispositivo reconfigurável multimodo que pode ser expandido com novos modos de operação no futuro. Infelizmente, sofre de algumas limitações: suporta uma carga máxima de 40 kg e tem uma área de implantação limitada pela distância máxima à estacão base.

Biomimetic Sensor Potentiometric System for Doxycycline Antibiotic Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as an Artificial Recognition Element

Molecular imprinting is a useful technique for the preparation of functional materials with molecular recognition properties. A Biomimetic Sensor Potentiometric System was developed for assessment of doxycycline (DOX) antibiotic. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by using doxycycline as a template molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) and/or acrylamide (AA) as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylat (EGDMA) as a cross-linking agent. The sensing elements were fabricated by the inclusion of DOX imprinted polymers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix. The sensors showed a high selectivity and a sensitive response to the template in aqueous system. Electrochemical evaluation of these sensors under static (batch) mode of operation reveals near-Nernstian response. MIP/MAA membrane sensor was incorporated in flow-through cells and used as detectors for flow injection analysis (FIA) of DOX. The method has the requisite accuracy, sensitivity and precision to assay DOX in tablets and biological fluids.

Calibration Method for Underwater Visual Ground-Truth System

This work presents an automatic calibration method for a vision based external underwater ground-truth positioning system. These systems are a relevant tool in benchmarking and assessing the quality of research in underwater robotics applications. A stereo vision system can in suitable environments such as test tanks or in clear water conditions provide accurate position with low cost and flexible operation. In this work we present a two step extrinsic camera parameter calibration procedure in order to reduce the setup time and provide accurate results. The proposed method uses a planar homography decomposition in order to determine the relative camera poses and the determination of vanishing points of detected lines in the image to obtain the global pose of the stereo rig in the reference frame. This method was applied to our external vision based ground-truth at the INESC TEC/Robotics test tank. Results are presented in comparison with an precise calibration performed using points obtained from an accurate 3D LIDAR modelling of the environment.

O presente e o futuro da supervisão das instituições financeiras em Portugal

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças sob orientação do Doutor Armindo Licínio da Silva Macedo “Esta versão contém críticas e sugestões dos elementos do júri”.

Healing replicas in a software component replication system

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Service-oriented infrastructure to support the control, monitoring and management of a shop floor system

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

CMOS indoor light energy harvesting system for wireless sensing applications

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Design, implementation, and performance of a distributed and scalable sensor system for critical distance measurements in the CMS detector at LHC

The “CMS Safety Closing Sensors System” (SCSS, or CSS for brevity) is a remote monitoring system design to control safety clearance and tight mechanical movements of parts of the CMS detector, especially during CMS assembly phases. We present the different systems that makes SCSS: its sensor technologies, the readout system, the data acquisition and control software. We also report on calibration and installation details, which determine the resolution and limits of the system. We present as well our experience from the operation of the system and the analysis of the data collected since 2008. Special emphasis is given to study positioning reproducibility during detector assembly and understanding how the magnetic fields influence the detector structure.

Injuries caused by aquatic animals in Brazil: an analysis of the data present in the information system for notifiable diseases

AbstractINTRODUCTION:We present a review of injuries in humans caused by aquatic animals in Brazil using the Information System for Notifiable Diseases [ Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN)] database.METHODS:A descriptive and retrospective epidemiological study was conducted from 2007 to 2013.RESULTS:A total of 4,118 accidents were recorded. Of these accidents, 88.7% (3,651) were caused by venomous species, and 11.3% (467) were caused by poisonous, traumatic or unidentified aquatic animals. Most of the events were injuries by stingrays (69%) and jellyfish (13.1%). The North region was responsible for the majority of reports (66.2%), with a significant emphasis on accidents caused by freshwater stingrays (92.2% or 2,317 cases). In the South region, the region with the second highest number of records (15.7%), jellyfish caused the majority of accidents (83.7% or 452 cases). The Northeastern region, with 12.5% of the records, was notable because almost all accidents were caused by toadfish (95.6% or 174 cases).CONCLUSIONS:Although a comparison of different databases has not been performed, the data presented in this study, compared to local and regional surveys, raises the hypothesis of underreporting of accidents. As the SINAN is the official system for the notification of accidents by venomous animals in Brazil, it is imperative that its operation be reviewed and improved, given that effective measures to prevent accidents by venomous animals depend on a reliable database and the ability to accurately report the true conditions.