Adaptação eletrônica de um leitor mecânico de coto, investigação e desenvolvimento de interface CAD

Due to advances in the manufacturing process of orthopedic prostheses, the need for better quality shape reading techniques (i.e. with less uncertainty) of the residual limb of amputees became a challenge. To overcome these problems means to be able in obtaining accurate geometry information of the limb and, consequently, better manufacturing processes of both transfemural and transtibial prosthetic sockets. The key point for this task is to customize these readings trying to be as faithful as possible to the real profile of each patient. Within this context, firstly two prototype versions (α and β) of a 3D mechanical scanner for reading residual limbs shape based on reverse engineering techniques were designed. Prototype β is an improved version of prototype α, despite remaining working in analogical mode. Both prototypes are capable of producing a CAD representation of the limb via appropriated graphical sheets and were conceived to work purely by mechanical means. The first results were encouraging as they were able to achieve a great decrease concerning the degree of uncertainty of measurements when compared to traditional methods that are very inaccurate and outdated. For instance, it's not unusual to see these archaic methods in action by making use of ordinary home kind measure-tapes for exploring the limb's shape. Although prototype β improved the readings, it still required someone to input the plotted points (i.e. those marked in disk shape graphical sheets) to an academic CAD software called OrtoCAD. This task is performed by manual typing which is time consuming and carries very limited reliability. Furthermore, the number of coordinates obtained from the purely mechanical system is limited to sub-divisions of the graphical sheet (it records a point every 10 degrees with a resolution of one millimeter). These drawbacks were overcome by designing the second release of prototype β in which it was developed an electronic variation of the reading table components now capable of performing an automatic reading (i.e. no human intervention in digital mode). An interface software (i.e. drive) was built to facilitate data transfer. Much better results were obtained meaning less degree of uncertainty (it records a point every 2 degrees with a resolution of 1/10 mm). Additionally, it was proposed an algorithm to convert the CAD geometry, used by OrtoCAD, to an appropriate format and enabling the use of rapid prototyping equipment aiming future automation of the manufacturing process of prosthetic sockets.

O sintoma na psicanálise e na psicopedagogia: do que se trata?

This paper aims to discuss the concept of symptom in psychopedagogy and psychoanalysis, drawing the consequences for the direction of treatment for each of these fields. Learning Problems has been the name given by various fields of knowledge to what does not happen as expected in the learning process. To address these problems several professionals are called upon. Faced with this demand a new field of knowledge is created: the psycho-pedagogy. In Brazil, it is established as a field of work and research from the contributions of Alicia Fernández. This author, supported by the work of French philosopher and educator Sara Paín, takes the concept of Freudian-Lacanian symptom as a fundamental concept to read the so-called "learning problems". Given this one must question whether the concept of symptom Fernandez is really the same as psychoanalysis. Are they the same? If yes, how to sustain as different fields? If not, what are consequences for the direction of treatment for each of these fields? For this study, the theoretical works of Alicia Fernández and Sara Pain were read aiming to clarify the concept of symptom in psychopedagogy. To discuss the psychoanalytic concept of symptom we turned to the texts of Freud, Lacan and commentators in which this issue is discussed. The results show that Pain and Fernandez seek psychoanalysis as a theory to be coupled with others to solve the learning problems. The concept of symptom as a return of the repressed and as an indicator of a sense to be found in the history of the subject is similar to the psychoanalytical one, however, in psychopedagogy other fields of knowledge and techniques are used as reference and these are sometimes incompatible with the concept of symptom presented. The use of psychological tests for the diagnosis, the idea of transference without the notion of subject supposed to know and the proposed treatment are indications of a different treatment approach from what the ethics of psychoanalysis proposes

As abordagens teóricas e os formalismos para o tratamento computacional do significado lexical

No âmbito do Processamento Automático de Línguas Naturais (PLN), o desenvolvimento de recursos léxico-semânticos é premente. Ao conceber os sistemas de PLN como um exercício de engenharia da linguagem humana, acredita-se que o desenvolvimento de tais recursos pode ser beneficiado pelos modelos de representação do conhecimento, desenvolvidos pela Engenharia do Conhecimento. Esses modelos, em particular, fornecem simultaneamente o arcabouço teórico-metodológico e a metalinguagem formal para o tratamento computacional do significado das unidades lexicais. Neste artigo, após a apresentação da concepção linguístico-computacional de léxico, elucidam-se os principais paradigmas de representação do conhecimento, enfatizando a abordagem do significado e a metalinguagem formal vinculadas a cada um deles.

Study of stress distribution with finite element method in a root with prefabricated threaded split shaft post - Part I

A finite element analysis was carried out to study the role of prefabricated threaded split shaft post (Flexi-Post) on dentinal stress in pulpless tooth. Three dimensional plane strain model of mesio-distal section of a human maxillary central incisor without restoration was analysed with the MSC/NASTRAN (MacNeal/ Schwendler) general purpose finite analysis program was executed on a microcomputer. The model as discretized into 48.954 axisymmetric finite elements defined by 10.355 nodes. Each element was assigned unique elastic properties to represent the materials modeled. Homogeneity, isotropy and linear elasticity were assume for all material. A simulation of static load of 100N was applied to the incisal edge of the post; vertical. Maximal principal stresses and von Mises equivalent stress were calculated. Using the element analysis model employed in this study, the following can be concluded concerning threaded split shaft post (Flexi-Post): Maximum principal stresses in dentin were located at cervical place and at the post apex. The apical threads of the post not redirecting stresses away from the root.

Multivalued adaptive neuro-fuzzy controller for robot vehicle - art. no. 1406

Robotic vehicle navigation in unstructured and uncertain environments is still a challenge. This paper presents the implementation of a multivalued neurofuzzy controller for autonomous ground vehicle (AGVs) in indoor environments. The control system consists of a hierarchy of mobile robot using multivalued adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system behaviors.

Modeling of a MIT for the application of a frequency inverter of the electric vehicle

Nowadays, drives that use a combination of induction motors and frequency inverters are very common, a fact due to the financial practicality and viability in purchasing and operating that system. This system modeling and simulation becomes important when it wants to evaluate the performance, to calculate and correct parameters, and it has a fundamental role in functionality and viability analysis for application of new configurations and technologies. This work is about to elaborate a simple induction motor model based in the torque versus speed characteristic, using the linearization method for application in a specific operation range to be controlled by a frequency inverter. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Optimal trajectory and solution of the inverse kinematics of a robotic manipulator by genetic algorithms

This paper presents the generation of optimal trajectories by genetic algorithms (GA) for a planar robotic manipulator. The implemented GA considers a multi-objective function that minimizes the end-effector positioning error together with the joints angular displacement and it solves the inverse kinematics problem for the trajectory. Computer simulations results are presented to illustrate this implementation and show the efficiency of the used methodology producing soft trajectories with low computing cost. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Packaging controlled experiments using an evolutionary approach based on ontology

A body of knowledge in Software Engineering requires experiments replications. The knowledge generated by a study is registered in the so-called lab package, which, must be reviewed by an eventual research group with the intention to replicate it. However, researchers face difficulties reviewing the lab package, what leads to problems in share knowledge among research groups. Besides that, the lack of standardization is an obstacle to the integration of the knowledge from an isolated study in a common body of knowledge. In this sense, ontologies can be applied, since they can be seen as a standard that promotes the shared understanding of the experiment information structure. In this paper, we present a workflow to generate lab packages based on EXPEiiQntology, an ontology of controlled experiments domain. In addition, by means of lab packages instantiation, it is possible to evolve the ontology, in order to deal with new concepts that may appear in different lab packages. The iterative ontology evolution aims at achieve a standard that is able to accommodate different lab packages and, hence, facilitate to review and understand their content.

Web system to aid project management

This work describes a new web system to aid project management that was created to correct the principal deficiencies identified in systems having a common purpose which are at present available, as well as to follow the guidelines that are proposed in the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) and the quality characteristics described in the ISO/IEC 9126 norm. As from the adopted methodology, the system was structured to attend the real necessities of project managers and also to contribute towards obtaining quality results from the projects. The validation of the proposed solution was done with the collaboration of professionals that used the functions available in it for a period of 15 days. Results attested to the quality and adequacy of the developed system.

Efficiency and portability: Guidelines to develop websites

The use of the Internet as a means of ensuring greater visibility for products, services and information offered by companies is gaining strength in recent decades. However, it is known that to ensure satisfaction and subsequent virtual customer loyalty, it is necessary to guarantee the quality of the websites, allowing indiscriminate access regardless of the resources used, as well as rapid responses to possible requests. In order to assist this process, this paper presents a set of guidelines for the development of websites having quality characteristics, efficiency and portability as per ISO 9126 norms. An observational analysis of e-commerce websites was done which showed that they are inadequate as to the proposed guidelines, making them difficult to access available content. Therefore, the adoption of the proposed guidelines can greatly contribute to increasing the quality of websites and, consequently, enable quick and effective access regardless of the resources used.

Planejamento da expansão de sistemas elétricos de distribuição considerando fatores de riscos em análise econômica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação do conhecimento, formação e capacitação do TSB e ASB no desenvolvimento das atividades no serviço público de saúde

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A Psicologia em Anísio Teixeira

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Modos de subjetivação e estratégias de governamentalidade: a constituição de um "sujeito infrator" nas tramas de um dispositivo jurídico

Este trabalho teve como objetivo vislumbrar os modos de subjetivação, presentes nas complexas relações de saber-poder de um dispositivo jurídico, capazes de fabricar uma categoria específica de indivíduo: o sujeito infrator. Segundo Foucault (1997), os modos de subjetivação são os processos através dos quais nos tornamos sujeitos, isto é, os meios pelos quais somos capturados por relações de forças implicadas no processo de produção de subjetividades. Sendo assim, certos saberes e técnicas presentes em diversos dispositivos - aos quais nos conectamos ou somos conectados - são considerados modos que nos subjetivam, engendrando-nos e constituindo-nos na medida em que atuam como tipos normativos de modos de ser. Entender os discursos acerca do “sujeito infrator” e práticas que atuam sobre ele, como parte das forças que assim o constitui, pode ser um caminho para provocar qualquer tipo de fissura no dispositivo jurídico, que teima em justificar sua atuação em nome de um discurso de “proteção” e “recuperação”. Não sendo possível pensar nos modos de subjetivação sem atrelá-los à questão do “governo”, interrogamos, a partir de um estudo genealógico, as práticas de saber-poder-subjetivação presentes no dossiê de um adolescente em cumprimento de Medida Sócio-Educativa de Internação. Para entender os modos de subjetivação como estratégias de governamentalidade, problematizamos um conjunto de técnicas disciplinares, regulamentares e práticas de si, e alguns dos saberes considerados legítimos, que as fundamentam. As divisões binárias produzidas por instrumentos disciplinares constituem o “anormal”, neste caso, o “sujeito infrator”, em detrimento do que seria ser “normal”, o “sujeito cidadão” que desejam torná-lo. Assim, busca-se por meio de diversas técnicas que, apartados da “normalidade” desejada e “identificados” aos discursos que versam sobre o “infrator”, tornem-se alvos fáceis das técnicas de governo constituídas especialmente para lidar com essa categoria de indivíduos. Por fim, observa-se que, para justificar o encarceramento de jovens, a suposta função de recuperar os “desviantes” mascara o tom punitivo da Medida Sócio-Educativa de Internação e exalta um suposto caráter corretivo-educacional, o que a mantém existindo como principal medida anti os “delinquentes” que o próprio dispositivo jurídico também constitui.

As populações pesqueiras e a maricultura: um olhar sobre os processos de diminuição dos recursos pesqueiros no litoral paraense - RESEX Mãe Grande de Curuçá

Disserta sobre como as populações pesqueiras do litoral paraense, a partir do acesso e uso dos recursos naturais, podem contribuir para a efetivação de estratégias exitosas na diminuição da pressão sobre os recursos naturais de uso comum. Para tanto o trabalho se volta à vila de Lauro Sodré, localizada na RESEX Mãe Grande de Curuçá, município de Curuçá, litoral nordeste do Pará. A vila de Lauro Sodré se encontra às margens do rio Tijoca. Possui uma vegetação composta por florestas de manguezais exuberantes, o que proporciona à comunidade a atividade de extração de recursos do mangue, além de condições favoráveis à maricultura, que se estabeleceu a partir de 2006, com a criação da Associação dos Aquicultores da Vila de Lauro Sodré (Aquavila) para o cultivo de ostras. Para a coleta de dados o estudo contou com a observação direta em campo das atividades de maricultura, assim como fez uso de questionários com perguntas objetivas e entrevistas semiestruturadas junto aos associados, no que se refere à extração e ao cultivo das ostras. A maricultura vem sendo utilizada como uma das estratégias adotadas pela Fundação das Nações Unidades para a Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO), para frear a pressão sobre os recursos marinhos de uso comum em todo o mundo. Objetivou-se neste estudo contribuir para uma reflexão sobre como as populações do litoral amazônico, a partir de suas relações com a natureza, constroem processos produtivos exitosos ou não para frear a diminuição dos recursos pesqueiros da região. Foi possível observar o quanto é diverso e complexo o cenário da utilização dos recursos comuns no município de Curuçá, mais especificamente na vila de Lauro Sodré, na RESEX Mãe Grande de Curuçá. Apresentaram-se como principais dificuldades para a efetivação do cultivo, a disponibilidade de recursos na natureza favorecendo o extrativismo e a falta de incentivo por parte do Estado. É possível perceber que estão intrínsecos ao modo de vida dos moradores locais os saberes e técnicas indispensáveis para que a maricultura se consolide como uma estratégia eficaz para frear a exploração dos recursos marinhos no litoral paraense.