The law of unfair business competition, including chapters on trade secrets and confidential business relations; unfair interference with contracts; libel and slander of articles of merchandise, trade names, and business credit and reputation,

Mode of access: Internet.

Artistic and decorative stencilling : a practical manual on the art of stencilling on paper, wood, and textile fabrics, for home adornment and articles of dress /

Mode of access: Internet.

Elements of Christian theology : containing proofs of the authenticity and inspiration of the Holy Scriptures; a summary of the history of the Jews; a brief statement of the contents of the several books of the Old and New Testaments; a short account of the English translations of the Bible and a scriptural exposition of the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion designed principally for the use of young students in Divinity /

Vol. 1, 11th ed. Vol. 2, 8th ed.

Shorthorn breeders' guide, with a short history of the breed and its capabilities, accounts of shows and sales and articles of general interest to Shorthorn breeders.

Mode of access: Internet.

Lack of association between genetic markers on chromosome 16q22-Q24 and type 1 diabetes in Russian affected families

Aim To evaluate whether the T1D susceptibility locus on chromosome 16q contributes to the genetic susceptibility to T1D in Russian patients. Method Thirteen microsatellite markers, spanning a 47-centimorgan genomic region on 16q22-q24 were evaluated for linkage to T1D in 98 Russian multiplex families. Multipoint logarithm of odds (LOD) ratio (MLS) and nonparametric LOD (NPL) values were computed for each marker, using GENEHUNTER 2.1 software. Four microsatellites (D16S422, D16S504, D16S3037, and D16S3098) and 6 biallelic markers in 2 positional candidate genes, ICSBP1 and NQO1, were additionally tested for association with T1D in 114 simplex families, using transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). Results A peak of linkage (MLS = 1.35, NPL = 0.91) was shown for marker D16S750, but this was not significant (P = 0.18). The subsequent linkage analysis in the subset of 46 multiplex families carrying a common risk HLA-DR4 haplotype increased peak MLS and NPL values to 1.77 and 1.22, respectively, but showed no significant linkage (P = 0.11) to T1D in the 16q22-q24 genomic region. TDT analysis failed to find significant association between these markers and disease, even after the conditioning for the predisposing HLA-DR4 haplotype. Conclusion Our results did not support the evidence for the susceptibility locus to T1D on chromosome 16q22-24 in the Russian family data set. The lack of association could reflect genetic heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes in diverse ethnic groups.

Replication of association of IL1 gene complex members with ankylosing spondylitis in Taiwanese Chinese

Objective: To test the association of interleukin 1 ( IL1) gene family members with ankylosing spondylitis ( AS), previously reported in Europid subjects, in an ethnically remote population. Methods: 200 Taiwanese Chinese AS patients and 200 ethnically matched healthy controls were genotyped for five single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) and the IL1RN. VNTR, markers previously associated with AS. Allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls. Results: Association of alleles and genotypes of the markers IL1F10.3, IL1RN. 4, and IL1RN. VNTR was observed with AS ( p < 0.05). Haplotypes of pairs of these markers and of the markers IL1RN.6/1 and IL1RN.6/2 were also significantly associated with AS. The strongest associations observed were with the marker IL1RN. 4, and with the two-marker haplotype IL1RN.4-IL1RN.VNTR ( both p = 0.004). Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between all marker pairs except those involving IL1B-511 ( D' 0.4 to 0.9, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The IL1 gene cluster is associated with AS in Taiwanese Chinese. This finding provides strong statistical support that the previously observed association of this gene cluster with AS is a true positive finding.

Lack of association between glucocorticoid use and presence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis:a cross-sectional study

Introduction - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associates with excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, attributed to both traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors. The metabolic syndrome, a cluster of classical cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidaemia, is highly prevalent in RA. Reports suggest that long-term glucocorticoid (GC) use may exacerbate individual cardiovascular risk factors, but there have been no studies in RA to assess whether it associates with the metabolic syndrome. We examined whether GC exposure associates with the presence of metabolic syndrome in patients with RA. Methods - RA patients (n = 398) with detailed clinical and laboratory assessments were categorised into three groups according to GC exposure: no/limited (<3 months) exposure (NE), low-dose (<7.5 mg/day) long-term exposure (LE), and medium-dose (greater than or equal to 7.5 mg to 30 mg/day) long-term exposure (ME). The metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Programme III guidelines. The association of GC exposure with the metabolic syndrome was evaluated using binary logistic regression. Results - The metabolic syndrome was present in 40.1% of this population and its prevalence did not differ significantly between the GC exposure groups (NE 37.9% versus LE 40.7% versus ME 50%, P = 0.241). Binary logistic regression did not demonstrate any increased odds for the metabolic syndrome when comparing ME with LE (odds ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval 0.92 to 2.92, P = 0.094) and remained non significant after adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Conclusions - Long-term GC exposure does not appear to associate with a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with RA. The components of the metabolic syndrome may already be extensively modified by other processes in RA (including chronic inflammation and treatments other than GCs), leaving little scope for additive effects of GCs.

A Test of Association between Qualitative Trait and a Set of SNPs

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 62P10, 92D10, 92D30, 62F03

Assessing Methods for Assigning SNPs to Genes in Gene-Based Tests of Association Using Common Variants

Gene-based tests of association are frequently applied to common SNPs (MAF>5%) as an alternative to single-marker tests. In this analysis we conduct a variety of simulation studies applied to five popular gene-based tests investigating general trends related to their performance in realistic situations. In particular, we focus on the impact of non-causal SNPs and a variety of LD structures on the behavior of these tests. Ultimately, we find that non-causal SNPs can significantly impact the power of all gene-based tests. On average, we find that the “noise” from 6–12 non-causal SNPs will cancel out the “signal” of one causal SNP across five popular gene-based tests. Furthermore, we find complex and differing behavior of the methods in the presence of LD within and between non-causal and causal SNPs. Ultimately, better approaches for a priori prioritization of potentially causal SNPs (e.g., predicting functionality of non-synonymous SNPs), application of these methods to sequenced or fully imputed datasets, and limited use of window-based methods for assigning inter-genic SNPs to genes will improve power. However, significant power loss from non-causal SNPs may remain unless alternative statistical approaches robust to the inclusion of non-causal SNPs are developed.

Commentary on: The Articles of the Pope's Bulle (1518)

One of the earliest examples of works printed by Richard Pynson, the King's Printer between 1508 and 1530, to make reference to the fact that the work in question was printed under the protection of the King. The royal printing privilege provided one of two different models for preventing the unauthorised reproduction of works after publication which prefigured the introduction of statutory copyright in the early eighteenth century.The commentary describes the early attitudes of the monarchy towards the regulation of the printing trade within England, and the exercise of the royal prerogative in granting printing privileges not just to the royal printer, but to other favoured subjects both in relation to individual works as well as to entire classes of work (with the latter more often referred to as printing patents).

Lack of Association Between Haptoglobin Phenotype and Cystic Fibrosis Outcomes

Haptoglobin (Hp), a heme-Iron chelator, has different isoforms which are associated with variable tendency toward infections: Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, and Hp 2-2. Cystic fibrosis (CF) outcomes are variable and influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine whether Hp phenotype influenced disease severity in CF. One hundred forty-two CF patients from two centers were analyzed for Haptoglobin phenotype using gel electrophoresis of hemoglobin enriched serum. Clinical and microbiological data including bacterial colonization status, lung function, presence of CF-related diabetes and liver disease, rate of exacerbation, and mortality were compared between Hp phenotype groups. We found a trend toward less mucoid PA among Hp 2-2 (20.4 %) compared with Hp 1-1 and Hp 2-1 individuals (33.3 %), p = 0.317. Hp 2-2 individuals also had less antibiotic courses, and lower inflammatory markers without statistical significance. Haptoglobin phenotype is unlikely to be an important modifier of CF phenotype.

An appraisal of the implementation of freedom of association as a labour right: Nigerian perspective

No abstract available.

Asunto-osakkeiden kauppa korjausrakentamisen näkökulmasta

Tutkielman pääaiheena on asunto-osakkeiden kauppa. Keskeisimpänä tutkimusaiheena on myyjän asemesta korjausrakentamiseen painottuva näkökulma. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on analysoida omistuksen, statuksen ja päätöksenteon vaikutusta myyjän vastuisiin. Tutkielmassa pyritään myös selvittämään asunto-osakeyhtiön omistuspohjan merkitystä elinkeinonharjoittajana toimivan osakkaan vastuisiin. Metodina käytetään vertailevaa tutkimusotetta, painottuenosaltaan kausaliteettiin. Teemaa koskevan analyysin avulla pyritään lainsäädännön sisältä tulkitsemaan ja selkeyttämään asuntokauppaan liittyviä ongelmia. Praktisen lähestymistavan avulla pyritään tuottamaan viitekehys, joka palvelee voimassaolevan normatiivisen tiedon kehittämistä. Tutkielma osoittaa, että lainsäädäntö on jakautunut asunto-osakkeiden kaupan näkökulmasta tavalla, jota voidaan kritisoida. Asuntokauppalaissa sääntely ei kohdistu tilanteisiin, joissa huomioitaisiin korjausrakentamisen moniulotteisuus. Pikemminkin käytännön näkökulmasta on nähtävissä suunta, jossa korostetaan tiedon merkitystä osanavaihdantaa jopa sisällön ja validiteetin kustannuksella

Etuosakkeen käyttö rahoitusinstrumenttina Suomessa

Tutkielman tavoitteena on selvittää miten etuosaketta on käytetty rahoitusinstrumenttina Suomessa ja millaisia yhtiöjärjestysmääräyksiä kyseiset osakeyhtiöt ovat ottaneet yhtiöjärjestyksiinsä. Tätä varten analysoidaan yhdentoista osakeyhtiön yhtiöjärjestykset. Tutkielman loppupuolella käsitellään myös tulevan osakeyhtiölakiuudistuksen vaikutusta etuosakkeeseen asemaan uuden lain astuessa voimaan. Tutkielman perusteella voidaan todeta, että etuosakkeen käytölle ei ole muodostunut mitään yhtenäistä tapaa Suomessa, vaan määräykset ovat hyvinkin yksilöllisesti laadittuja lähes poikkeuksetta.