O processo de inclusão de uma criança com síndrome de down na educação infantil

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Concepção do professor de educação física sobre a inclusão do aluno com deficiência

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Inclusão no mercado de trabalho: analisando a relação escola e empregabilidade de pessoas com deficiências

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Educação do aluno com autismo: um estudo circunstanciado da experiência escolar inclusiva e as contribuições do currículo funcional natural

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Os cursos de Pedagogia da Universidade Estadual Paulista e a Educação Inclusiva

Inclusive education is seen as quality education that should be provided by the educational system for all children, young people and adults. In order to put such a proposal into effect, qualified personnel are needed who are equipped to face such a challenge. This paper aims to examine the curriculum matrices of Pedagogy courses of the Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP that intend to prepare future teachers to follow an inclusive perspective. To this end, the political-pedagogical projects of six Pedagogy courses, the University resolutions that regulate the courses and excerpts taken from interviews carried out with course coordinators were analyzed. In order to analyze the curriculum matrices, the required subjects were distributed on a table according to the following categories: 1) specific subjects related to inclusive education, 2) number of hours of each subject related to inclusive education, 3) specific subjects related to special education and 4) amount of time scheduled for each subject related to special education. Among the six Pedagogy courses, five had subjects that focused on issues related to inclusive education, with varying time allotments, and four had subjects focusing on specific issues related to special education.

O transtorno global do desenvolvimento na educação inclusiva: escola comum ou escola especial?

Este trabalho configura-se numa proposição de estudo de caso, que procurou discutir e orientar a prática pedagógica de alunos da educação especial, com vistas ao seu desenvolvimento acadêmico. Foi realizado no decorrer de um ano letivo, numa unidade escolar de uma rede municipal de ensino do oeste paulista. Contou com a participação de professores do ensino comum, da educação especial, gestores da escola e fez parte de um conjunto de ações desenvolvidas no projeto de extensão universitária, numa proposição conjunta entre universidade e escola. Num primeiro momento foram realizadas observações do cotidiano escolar de um aluno com transtorno global do desenvolvimento, autismo, e de uma aluna com duplo diagnóstico, paralisia cerebral e autismo, associada à coleta de informações sobre as trajetórias educacionais e os diagnósticos clínicos. Com base nessas informações efetivaram-se intervenções psicoeducacionais com os alunos e professoras especialistas e aplicou-se a Escala de Comportamento Adaptativo Vineland. De modo geral, identificou-se um padrão restrito de aprendizagens funcionais e comportamentos interacionas nos casos observados. Ao final da proposta questionou-se qual a contribuição das práticas pedagógicas, ofertadas na sala de aula comum, para o desenvolvimento educacional dos alunos em questão. As análises foram compartilhadas com os profissionais da escola e com os respectivos familiares, e direcionamentos foram apontados a favor da manutenção no ensino comum ou ao encaminhamento à escola especial.

Inclusão escolar, necessidades educacionais especiais e ensino de ciências: alguns apontamentos

We can notice in the different sectors of the society a significant increase of individuals that possess some type of deficiency. Although there is an increasing process of inclusion, we find, even in Educational Institutions, barriers and limited conceptions on this subject. Thus, aiming at clarifying some questions related to this subject, we present some debates found in the literature about the Inclusive Education, Special Education and the construction of inclusive education strategies.

Um estudo sobre a intervenção com o professor de educação física para a inclusão educacional do aluno com deficiência visual

It was aimed to identify how the physical education teachers worked to include a student with visual impairment; intervene with the teacher from the identified necessities and assess the intervention. Data were collected in three stages: 1) Weekly monitoring and filming the classes, 2) intervention by the reflection of videos coming from the previous step and suggesting new actions, 3) development of filming for evaluating the intervention. Before the intervention, it was identified that the explanation of the activities happened collectively. It was held the physical help as the first form of instruction, the student with visual impairment participation occurred depending on the company of a classmate who held hands and did the activities together. Along the intervention it was reflected about the structure of the classes, the ways of explanation of the activities and the strategies and the resources to assure an enjoyable participation of students with visual impairments. The training of peer tutors was a strategy used. After the intervention it was identified in the classroom the assistance of the trained peer tutors; the maintenance of oral explanation and demonstration, though, the first way to explanation for the student with visual impairment started to be the oral tip.

Cursos de licenciatura na área de ciências: a temática inclusão escolar de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effects of Systematic Social Skill Training on the Social-Communication Behaviors of Young Children with Autism During Play Activities

A systematic social skills training intervention to teach reciprocal sharing was designed and implemented with triads of preschool-age children, including one child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and two untrained classroom peers who had no delays or disabilities. A multiple-baseline research design was used to evaluate effects of the social skills training intervention on social-communication and sharing behaviors exhibited by the participants with ASD during interactive play activities with peers. Social-communication behaviors measured included contact and distal gestures, touching peers and speaking. Four sharing behaviors were also measured, including sharing toys and objects, receiving toys and objects, asking others to share, and giving requested items. Results indicated considerable gains in overall social-communication behaviors. The greatest improvements were observed in the participants’ use of contact gestures and speaking. Slightly increasing trends were noted and suggested that participants with ASD made modest gains in learning the sharing skills taught during social skills training lessons. Social validity data indicate that participants with ASD and peer participants found the intervention appropriate and acceptable, and staff perception ratings indicated significant changes in the social skills of participants with ASD. Study outcomes have practical implications for educational practitioners related to enhancing social-communication and social interactions of young children with ASD. Study limitations and future directions for research are discussed.

The Perception of Natural, Cell Phone, and Computer-Synthesized Speech During The Performance Of Simultaneous Visual-Motor Tasks

This study investigated the influence of top-down and bottom-up information on speech perception in complex listening environments. Specifically, the effects of listening to different types of processed speech were examined on intelligibility and on simultaneous visual-motor performance. The goal was to extend the generalizability of results in speech perception to environments outside of the laboratory. The effect of bottom-up information was evaluated with natural, cell phone and synthetic speech. The effect of simultaneous tasks was evaluated with concurrent visual-motor and memory tasks. Earlier works on the perception of speech during simultaneous visual-motor tasks have shown inconsistent results (Choi, 2004; Strayer & Johnston, 2001). In the present experiments, two dual-task paradigms were constructed in order to mimic non-laboratory listening environments. In the first two experiments, an auditory word repetition task was the primary task and a visual-motor task was the secondary task. Participants were presented with different kinds of speech in a background of multi-speaker babble and were asked to repeat the last word of every sentence while doing the simultaneous tracking task. Word accuracy and visual-motor task performance were measured. Taken together, the results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the intelligibility of natural speech was better than synthetic speech and that synthetic speech was better perceived than cell phone speech. The visual-motor methodology was found to demonstrate independent and supplemental information and provided a better understanding of the entire speech perception process. Experiment 3 was conducted to determine whether the automaticity of the tasks (Schneider & Shiffrin, 1977) helped to explain the results of the first two experiments. It was found that cell phone speech allowed better simultaneous pursuit rotor performance only at low intelligibility levels when participants ignored the listening task. Also, simultaneous task performance improved dramatically for natural speech when intelligibility was good. Overall, it could be concluded that knowledge of intelligibility alone is insufficient to characterize processing of different speech sources. Additional measures such as attentional demands and performance of simultaneous tasks were also important in characterizing the perception of different kinds of speech in complex listening environments.

Inclusão de crianças com deficiência na escola regular numa região do município de São Paulo: conhecendo estratégias e ações

A inclusão de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais no ensino regular depende da preparação da comunidade escolar para promover a participação de todos os alunos. Foi objetivo deste estudo conhecer, do ponto de vista do professor do ensino fundamental da rede pública municipal, as estratégias pedagógicas que utilizavam para a inclusão de crianças com deficiência na classe comum. Para isso foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais e, posteriormente, grupais com 11 professores de cinco escolas, um representante do Centro de Formação e Acompanhamento à Inclusão e um coordenador pedagógico. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas. Após diversas leituras foi possível identificar como temáticas principais: sentidos e imaginários do professor sobre a deficiência, formação do professor para efetivação do processo de inclusão, bem como a utilização de estratégias pedagógicas diferenciadas e formação de rede de apoio na escola. Os entrevistados utilizavam estratégias gerais como aula expositiva, debates, e específicas como: avaliação dos alunos, adaptação do material, atividades em duplas, parceria com o professor da sala de apoio e acompanhamento à inclusão. Parte dos entrevistados trouxe uma visão com relação aos alunos com deficiência permeada de possibilidades, acreditando no potencial de aprendizagem dos mesmos, enquanto para outros, o discurso centrou-se, sobretudo, na impossibilidade da aprendizagem. Os docentes identificaram a necessidade de apoio institucional para seu trabalho, incluindo possibilidades de formação a partir das demandas cotidianas. Responder às necessidades levantadas é parte dos desafios para implementar a Educação Inclusiva na perspectiva da Educação para Todos, para a efetivação dos direitos de crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais.

Inclusão do portador de necessidades especiais no ensino regular: revisão da literatura

OBJETIVOS: Analisar criticamente a inclusão do portador de necessidades especiais no ensino regular brasileiro, considerando aspectos sociais e jurídicos, por meio de revisão de literatura. ESTRATÉGIA DE PESQUISA: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi conduzida em bases de dados de acesso público: LILACS, SciELO, Portal Cochrane e IUSDATA, sendo esta última da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo, considerando todos os artigos publicados até o mês de dezembro de 2010. Como estratégia de busca foram utilizados os seguintes termos livres: educação inclusiva, educação especial, proposta inclusiva e portador de necessidades especiais. CRITÉRIOS DE SELEÇÃO: Durante a busca, foram avaliados e selecionados apenas os estudos cujo resumo ou corpo do artigo tivesse relação com o objetivo proposto. ANÁLISE DE DADOS : Os artigos potencialmente relevantes para a revisão foram apresentados em uma ficha protocolar contendo critérios de elegibilidade do estudo, métodos utilizados, características do grupo de artigos analisado, tipo de intervenção realizada e resultados obtidos no estudo. Os artigos classificados como opinião de especialistas, apesar de apresentarem baixo nível de evidência científica, foram incluídos no trabalho, pois são frequentemente encontrados na literatura sobre o assunto. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 1.399 artigos, e após leitura dos resumos foram selecionados 120 artigos potencialmente relevantes considerando-se o objetivo da pesquisa. Destes, 67 artigos foram citados em mais de uma base de dados, o que resultou em 53 artigos para serem lidos na íntegra. Após a leitura dos 53 artigos, foram excluídos 15 que não se enquadravam nos critérios de inclusão. Desta forma, 38 estudos foram incluídos e analisados. CONCLUSÃO: Após a análise crítica da literatura da área conclui-se que, até o momento, de maneira geral, a escola recebe, mas há muito a percorrer para incluir os alunos portadores de necessidades especiais, embora o país possua o escopo da inclusão. Assim, faz-se necessário o estabelecimento de diretrizes e ações políticas visando uma inclusão efetiva.

An examination of the rate of high school completion experienced by handicapped and nonhandicapped students in the state of Texas

This research examines the graduation rate experienced by students receiving public education services in the state of Texas. Special attention is paid to that subgroup of Texas students who meet Texas Education Agency criteria for handicapped status. The study is guided by two research questions: What are the high school completion rates experienced by handicapped and nonhandicapped students attending Texas public schools? and What are the predictors of graduation for handicapped and nonhandicapped students?^ In addition, the following hypotheses are explored. Hypothesis 1: Handicapped students attending a Texas public school will experience a lower rate of high school completion than their nonhandicapped counterparts. Hypothesis 2: Handicapped and nonhandicapped students attending school in a Texas public school with a budget above the median budget for Texas public schools will experience a higher rate of high school completion than similar students in Texas public schools with a budget below the median budget. Hypothesis 3: Handicapped and nonhandicapped students attending school in large Texas urban areas will experience a lower rate of high school completion than similar students in Texas public schools in rural areas. Hypothesis 4: Handicapped and nonhandicapped students attending a Texas public school in a county which rates above the state median for food stamps and AFDC recipients will experience a lower rate of high school completion than students living in counties below the median.^ The study will employ extant data from the records of the Texas Education Agency for the 1988-1989 and the 1989-1990 school years, from the Texas Department of Health for the years of 1989 and 1990, and from the 1980 Census.^ The study reveals that nonhandicapped students are graduating with a two year average rate of.906, while handicapped students following an Individualized Educational Program (IEP) achieve a two year average rate of.532, and handicapped students following the regular academic program present a two year average graduation rate of only.371. The presence of other handicapped students, and the school district's average expense per student are found to contribute significantly to the completion rates of handicapped students. Size groupings are used to elucidate the various impacts of these variables on different school districts and different student groups.^ Conclusions and implications are offered regarding the need to reach national consensus on the definition and computation of high school completion for both handicapped and nonhandicapped students, and the need for improved statewide tracking of handicapped completion rates. ^

Empowering Teachers as Leaders: A Hard Sell

Despite emphasis on preparing teachers as leaders, teacher educators realize that the transition of classroom practitioners into school leaders is fraught with many obstacles. This session addresses some of these obstacles, describes strategies and opportunities that we have used in our graduate master’s degree programs for teachers that support professionals as they make this change. The session will present evidence on the results of our efforts in terms of teachers’ performances within their programs and in the field after they graduate.