Do antigo ao novo desenvolvimentismo na América Latina

O fracasso do Consenso de Washington e das políticas macroeconômicas baseadas em altas taxas de juros e taxas de câmbio não competitivas em gerar crescimento econômico levou a América Latina à necessidade de formular estratégias nacionais de desenvolvimento. O novo desenvolvimentismo é uma estratégia alternativa, não apenas à ortodoxia convencional mas também ao antigo nacional-desenvolvimentismo latino-americano. Enquanto o nacional-desenvolvimentismo se baseava na tendência à deterioração dos termos de troca e, adotando uma abordagem microeconômica, propunha planejamento econômico e industrialização, o novo desenvolvimentismo assume que a industrialização foi alcançada, embora em graus diferentes para cada país, e argumenta que, a fim de garantir taxas rápidas de crescimento e alcançar os países desenvolvidos, o que precisa ser neutralizado é a tendência da taxa de câmbio à sobrevalorização. Contrariamente às alegações do pensamento econômico convencional, um Estado capaz continua sendo o instrumento chave para garantir o desenvolvimento econômico, e a política industrial continua a ser necessária; mas o que distingue a nova abordagem é principalmente o crescimento com poupança interna, em lugar do crescimento com poupança externa, uma política macroeconômica baseada em taxas moderadas de juros e uma taxa de câmbio competitiva, em lugar das altas taxas de juros e das moedas sobrevalorizadas preconizadas pela ortodoxia convencional.

Gestão social do desenvolvimento: a exclusão dos representantes dos empresários? o caso do programa Territórios da Cidadania norte-RJ

A incorporação do enfoque territorial como fundamento para as políticas de desenvolvimento rural ocasionou, dentre outros avanços, no rompimento com a tradição vertical e centralizadora das estratégias de desenvolvimento, e na consequente valorização das iniciativas e dos atores locais. Tal abordagem acolhe a gestão social, e seus princípios da inclusão, relativo à incorporação dos atores excluídos do processo decisório, e do pluralismo, que diz respeito à multiplicidade de atores na tomada de decisões sobre as políticas públicas. No caso brasileiro, o enfoque territorial é encampado pelo Programa de Desenvolvimento Sustentável dos Territórios Rurais e pelo seu sucessor, o Programa Territórios da Cidadania. No entanto, a trajetória das políticas de desenvolvimento rural é francamente setorial, ao privilegiar as organizações vinculadas à agricultura familiar e excluir as organizações representantes dos empresários, apesar dos princípios portados pela gestão social e da adoção da abordagem territorial, que implicam na mobilização das forças sociais dinâmicas presentes nos territórios. Assim, considerada a importância da participação empresarial para o êxito das políticas dessa natureza, este trabalho analisa as possibilidades de inclusão das representações dos empresários para o pluralismo no âmbito do Programa Territórios da Cidadania. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de caso no Norte- RJ, no qual foram entrevistados representantes da sociedade civil, dos empresários, do SEBRAE e do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, cujas informações foram complementadas por análise documental, e tratadas por meio de análise de conteúdo com grade mista elaborada com base no conceito de cidadania deliberativa habermasiano. Os resultados relevam que as representações empresariais não estão inseridas no colegiado territorial do Norte-RJ, e tampouco conhecem o Programa Territórios da Cidadania. As entidades da sociedade civil, que consideram o colegiado como Fórum da Agricultura Familiar, rechaçam indistintamente a inclusão dos empresários por conta de diferenças sócio-políticas, agravadas pelo histórico da região. O pluralismo também é atravancado pelos processos de formação do território, de composição do colegiado e de elaboração e avaliação dos projetos. As representações empresariais, por seu turno, já estão inseridas em outras instâncias de participação social, como conselhos municipais de políticas públicas, e aceitam a dinâmica que rege estes espaços pautados na racionalidade substantiva. Sua inserção pode ser facilitada pelo SEBRAE/RJ que, além de gozar de prestígio dentre os empresários, tem fomentado a articulação dos atores territoriais. Não obstante as possibilidades para a inclusão, o modelo de gestão social em vigor não é capaz de promover a concertação social das forças dinâmicas em prol do desenvolvimento do território Norte-RJ. Palavras-

Democracy and growth in pre-industrial countries

This paper distinguishes three types of countries (rich, middle-income, and pre-industrial) and focus on the latter, which, in contrast to the other two, didn’t complete their industrial and capitalist revolutions. Can pre-industrial countries be governed well and embody the principles of consolidated democracies? Today these countries are under pressure from the imperial West to eschew institutions and developmental strategies that, in the past, allowed rich and middle-income countries to industrialize. At the same time, they are pressured by these same Western parties (and by its own people) to be democratic, even though their societies are not mature enough to fulfill that. In fact, no country completed its industrial and capitalist revolution within the framework of even a minimal democracy, suggesting that such demands are unfair. Added to this, pre-industrial countries are extremely difficult to govern because they usually don’t have a strong nation and capable states. This double pressure to renounce development strategies that have worked for the West while being required to become a democracy represents a major obstacle to their development.

Desenvolvimento nacional, desenvolvimento regional e moeda: notas teóricas à luz da economia política do desenvolvimento

This work analyses the ability of National States and regions have to formulations development strategies. Redeeming the initial development concept as a conflictual process, the hypothesis is that it presents internal and external constraints, as the latter have a higher preponderance, revealed the role played by money. In this case, one can point to as sub-hypothesis that the growth models with external constraint, mainly through the balance of payments, may illustrate the fact that countries are subject to international economic interactions that limit the possibility of bringing acylating strategies well successful in overcoming backwardness. For the specific case of regions, indicates that the external constraint remains an element of embarrassment for regional development, but redeems itself the center-periphery relations in this context to discuss the role of monetary and financial system as an explanation for the disparities regional income. On the domestic front, we highlight the importance of social structures of accumulation as an element of internal cohesion necessary to achieve successful development trajectories. It points also to the importance of the State in the process rescuing some of the main theoretical contributions of the political economy of development, incorporating the concept of globalization on theoretical frameworks presented. This construction where development depends on the actions of external and internal conditions, where money plays a key role as a guideline for reflections on regional development. The attempt was to transplant our considerations on the general development to address the case of regions. Finally, we conclude by greater confidence in the hypothesis and sub-hypotheses of departure, which led to propositions of economic policies

Gestão ambiental em cadeias produtivas agroindustriais: um estudo em um aglomerado produtivo da caprinovinocultura no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

This thesis aims to investigate the perception and behavior of goat and sheep rural producers from Central Cabugi Region of Rio Grande do Norte state, in terms of the sector competitiveness, the cooperation mechanisms, information and environmental practices integration in the supply chain, including their customers, and also among the local producers and other institutions that support this agribusiness cluster. The research problem is related to the environmental impacts from goat and sheep breeding. This problem can also be intensified by the organization of producers in a cluster. Then, it is important to examine how the environmental issues are considered by the rural producers and their perception of their suppliers, customers and the institutions that support this activity. The methodology used in this work involved literature review of the topics of supply chain management, green supply chain, clusters development and sustainable livestock. An exploratory survey research was also conducted by personal interviews using questionnaires. Three statistic techniques were used to compile the gathered data: descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and Chi-square tests. Two clusters were found in this study, however, the entire sample believes the sector of goat and sheep breeding is a medium competitive activity. On the other hand, for the variables of the importance of environmental practices for competitiveness , perception of environmental impacts and environmental benefits from farm vegetation management , the research found 2 distinct groups of individuals when those variables were analyzed together the green supply chain management group of variables in the cluster analysis. Beyond competitiveness perception, no degree of difference was found for the use of insecticides too. The chi-square tests present that producers having at least elementary education, lands bigger 100 hectares and located in the cities of Angicos or Lajes tend to have a higher perception to supply chain management and environmental awareness issues than those with no or incomplete first-level education, producing in lands smaller than 100 hectares and located in the cities of Afonso Bezerra or Pedro Avelino. The chi-square tests also show the amount of milk produced, family s income and associational condition are not related with the variables used in the clusters composition. In this context, this work contributes to planning clusters development strategies and enhancing the production chain sustainability. This Master of Science Thesis can also help to introduce the environmental variable in the project, assessment and monitoring of development policies as well

Fatores que afetam o apoio de residentes ao desenvolvimento do turismo em sítios arqueológicos: um estudo no Seridó Potiguar

The tourist activity , which appropriates spaces and natural , cultural , social and economic scenarios in a given locality , requires a model of integrated development necessarily reconciling the support of residents. In this perspective , this study aims to analyze the factors influencing the support of residents in tourism development in archaeological sites , specifically in the two counties of Parelhas and Carnaúba dos Dantas , in Rio Grande do Norte, in the region of Seridó Potiguar as well as the interrelationship existing between these factors . To achieve the proposed objective of the research , a descriptive -exploratory and quantitative study based on the study of Nunkoo and Hamkisson (2012 ) , using the technique of Structural Equation Modeling - SEM to explain the relationships of the constructs used in this research. Data collection was performed during the periodof May 2013 to July 2013. Among other studies, results indicate that , for the profile of the interviewees used , the higher the confidence of the community residing in the government agencies responsible for, the largest tourism will support the resident to the tourism development and that this supply relationship institutions and government agencies an opportunity to enhance their development strategies and social thinking of the resident agent of tourism . It was also found that the analysis model proposed has a better structural relationship when used interviewees who have knowledge about the activities in the archaeological sites , then suggesting the need for further research on the effect of the level of knowledge of the interviewee on the object and support of residents to tourism development

Foreign Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2006

Includes bibliography

Export growth in Latin America: policies and performance

Includes bibliography

Aglomeraciones en torno a los recursos naturales en América Latina y el Caribe: políticas de articulación y articulación de políticas

Incluye Bibliografía

Espacios iberoamericanos: hacia una nueva arquitectura del Estado para el desarrollo

Incluye Bibliografía

Espaços ibero-americanos: a uma nova arquitetura do Estado para o desenvolvimento

Incluye Bibliografía

El futuro de Rosario y su región: el desafío de un desarrollo económico sustentable

Incluye Bibliografía

La cooperación ambiental en los tratados de libre comercio

Incluye Bibliografía

Regional integration in the 1990s

The renewed interest sparked by the potential for intraregional cooperation in Latin America and the Caribbean today has been reflected in numerous agreements regarding trade preferences and in attempts to establish free trade areas, customs unions or common markets. The possibility has even been discussed of setting up free trade arrangements on a hemispheric scale. This plethora of proposals inevitably raises a great many questions. What is the reason for this renewed interest? Are the differences between the schemes of today and those of the 1960s and 1970s significant enough to avert the obstacles and difficulties encountered by those earlier schemes? What are the most suitable mechanisms and instruments for promoting intra-Latin American integration? What are the defining characteristics of the various categories of integration initiatives, such as free trade areas, customs unions and common markets? Is it feasible to set up free trade areas involving countries having very dissimilar levels of development or macroeconomic policies? Would it be wise to work towards a gradual convergence of all these initiatives into a single, regionwide scheme? And most importantly: Just how functional would integration be in terms of the development strategies and policies adopted by the individual countries of the region? The various sections of this article attempt to answer, albeit tentatively, these questions.

Trade liberalization in Latin America

Includes bibliography