Delivering Social Work Education on Case Reviews and Inquiry Reports: An Exploratory Study of Students' Perspectives in Northern Ireland

It is self-evident that we live in the age of inquiry where the negative impact of risk has been examined through numerous formal processes. In the wake of such scrutiny, there have been repeated recommendations for better training of the professionals charged with safeguarding the welfare of vulnerable individuals. Yet there has been very little examination of how student social workers, in particular, evaluate this training. This exploratory study responded to this gap through a mixed-methods design centring on the views of qualifying and post-qualifying social work students attending courses within two regional universities in Northern Ireland. The study found that, in the main, the cohorts responded favourably to certain aspects of the curriculum and how they were delivered. That said, the emotive nature of the case review and inquiry reports was inadequately addressed in the classroom and was not processed afterwards through a psycho-social framework. In effect, students were often left with residual anxieties that potentially hampered learning. On the basis of the findings, the study calls for further research into this highly significant area of professional competence.

Distribution of terminal nerve entry points to the flexor and extensor groups of forearm muscles:An anatomical study

The motor points of the skeletal muscles, mainly of interest to anatomists and physiologists, have recently attracted much attention from researchers in the field of functional electrical stimulation. The muscle motor point has been defined as the entry point of the motor nerve branch into the epimysium of the muscle belly. Anatomists have pointed out that many muscles in the limbs have multiple motor points. Knowledge of the location of nerve branches and terminal nerve entry points facilitates the exact insertion and the suitable selection of the number of electrodes required for each muscle for functional electrical stimulation. The present work therefore aimed to describe the number, location, and distribution of motor points in the human forearm muscles to obtain optimal hand function in many clinical situations. Twenty three adult human cadaveric forearms were dissected. The numbers of primary nerves and motor points for each muscle were tabulated. The mean numbers and the standard deviation were calculated and grouped in tables. Data analyses were performed with the use of a statistical analysis package (SPSS 13.0). The proximal third of the muscle was the usual part of the muscle that received the motor points. Most of the forearm muscles were innervated from the lateral side and deep surface of the muscle. The information in this study may also be usefully applied in selective denervation procedures to balance muscles in spastic upper limbs. Copyright © 2007 Via Medica.

School's out forever: Postsecondary educational trajectories of students with autism

Objective:Postsecondary educational attainment is the key for successful transition to adulthood, economic self-sufficiency, and good mental and physical health.Method:Secondary analyses of school leavers’ data were carried out to establish postsecondary educational trajectories of students on the autism spectrum in the United Kingdom.Results:Findings show that students with autism who had attended mainstream secondary schools enter Further Education (post-16 vocational training) and Higher Education (University) institutions at a similar rate to other students to study the full range ofsubjects on offer. However, they are more likely to be younger, study at a lower academic level, and remain living at home.Conclusion:While course completion data were not yet available, attainment data showed that prospects were improving, although more needs to be done to enable these young adults to a achieving their post secondary educational potential.

Applied behaviour analysis: What do teachers of students with autism spectrum disorder know

With rising numbers of school-aged children with autism educated in mainstream classrooms and applied behaviour analysis (ABA) considered the basis of best practice, teachers’ knowledge in this field has become a key concern for inclusion. Self-reported knowledge of ABA of special needs teachers (n=165) was measured and compared to their actual knowledge of ABA demonstrated in accurate responses to a multiple-choice test. Findings reported here show that teachers’ self-perceived knowledge exceeded actual knowledge and that actual knowledge of ABA was not related to training received by government agency. Implications for teacher training are discussed.

Portuguese Adaptation of Students Engagement in Schools International Scale (SESIS)

The importance of student’s engagement has been recently pointed out in research. However, there has been a lack of engagement assessment instrument, pertaining psychometric qualities. Objective: This paper presents the Portuguese adaptation of the “Student’s Engagement in School International Scale” (SESIS), drawn up from a12 countries international study (Lam et al., 2012; Lam et al., in press). Method: Psychometric properties of this scale were examined with data from 685 students from different grades (6th, 7th, 9th and 10th), from both sexes, and different regions of the country. Results: Factorial analysis of the results, with varimax rotation, lead to three different factors which explain 50.88% of the variance. The scale integrates the original 33 items, and cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions. For the external validity study, the relationship between student’s engagement in school results and other school variables — academic performance, self-concept — was considered, and significant relations were observed, as expected. Conclusion: The data presented highlights the qualities of SESIS, as well as its usefulness for research purposes. Suggestion: It is suggested the investigation of the extension of SESIS’s three-dimensionality, in future studiesKeywords: Innovation, technology, research projects, etc. [Arial 10-point, justified alignment].

Portuguese Adaptation of Students Engagement in Schools International Scale (Sesis)

The importance of student’s engagement has been recently pointed out in research. However, there has been a lack of engagement assessment instruments, showing psychometric qualities, such as reliability and validity. Objective: This paper presents the Portuguese adaptation of the “Student’s Engagement in Schools International Scale” (SESIS), drawn up from 12 countries international study (Lam et al., 2012; Lam et al., in press). Method: Psychometric properties of this scale were examined using data from 685 students, of both sexes, and from different grades (6th, 7th, 9th and 10th), and regions of the country. Results: Factorial analysis of the results, with varimax rotation, conducted to three different factors which explain 62,19% of the variance. The scale integrates the original 33 items, and cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions. For the external validity study, the relationship between student’s engagement in school results and other school variables — academic performance, school conduct — was considered, and significant relations were observed, as expected. Conclusion: The data presented highlights the qualities of SESIS, as well as its usefulness for research purpose. Suggestion: It is suggested the investigation of the extension of SESIS’s three-dimensionality, in future studies

Uma abordagem curricular em matemática no 3º ciclo do ensino básico: um estudo de caso em geometria

Este trabalho debruça-se sobre as práticas de Ensino de Geometria no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico tendo como principal foco de investigação as práticas de ensino da professora investigadora. O estudo empírico foi realizado em três turmas de 9º ano, da professora investigadora, de Abril a Junho de 2005, numa Escola da região de Trás-os-Montes (designada por Escola A). O trabalho realizado pela professora investigadora com alunos dessas turmas (no 7º em 2002/03, no 8º ano em 2003/04 e no 9º ano até Abril de 2005) constituiu o contexto precursor do estudo. O planeamento, desenvolvimento e reflexão sobre as práticas desenvolvidas foram realizados de forma colaborativa entre a professora investigadora e a critical friend, professora de Matemática a leccionar Matemática a turmas de 9º ano, numa outra Escola, da mesma região de Trás-os-Montes (designada por Escola B). A gestão curricular orientada por pressupostos legais em vigor e por resultados da investigação em Educação e Didáctica da Matemática foi realizada considerando o conhecimento informal e tácito de cada aluno; visou maximizar a aprendizagem matemática de todos os alunos em cada turma mas tendo a preocupação subjacente de proporcionar experiências de aprendizagem diversificadas de forma a favorecer todo o tipo de estilos de aprendizagem. O problema de investigação foi formulado a partir da seguinte questão: Como articular os esforços realizados e desenvolvidos pelo professor na sala de aula, de forma coerente e exequível, para promover aprendizagens significativas nos alunos, nomeadamente no domínio da Geometria? Face ao problema de investigação foram abordadas e estudadas as questões de investigação seguintes: 1. Quais são as características da experiência matemática proporcionada e qual é a sua relação com o que os alunos aprenderam? 2. Quais as características da avaliação implementada enquanto processo regulador das aprendizagens? 3. Qual a relação entre as tarefas de aprendizagem planificadas e as experiências de aprendizagem matemática proporcionadas? 4. Qual o papel das conferências com a critical friend (no desenvolvimento das experiências matemáticas proporcionadas) na gestão curricular? Este trabalho seguiu uma metodologia de investigação de natureza qualitativa baseado num estudo de caso, com uma vertente de investigação-acção, a partir de uma abordagem curricular em Geometria no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico: a da professora investigadora. A observação participante e uma grande diversidade de documentos recolhidos (tarefas iniciais e reformuladas, cópias de relatórios, diários de bordo, transcrições das gravações áudio das conferências, etc.) constituíram as principais fontes de dados. Também foram considerados dados provenientes de instrumentos mais quantitativos, como de testes e de questionários. A análise de dados tomou como base a unidade de tempo de meio bloco de aulas (45 minutos) e as fases didácticas de realização de tarefas numa escala de investigação meso de forma a respeitar o trabalho na sala de aula e a sua complexidade. A triangulação de diversas fontes de dados permitiu apresentar: i) a experiência matemática proporcionada a partir das tarefas implementadas e os diferentes papéis assumidos pelo professor, pelos pequenos grupos de alunos ou pelo grupo turma; ii) as práticas avaliativas onde foram evidenciadas as diferentes formas de avaliação formativa e o feedback distribuído; iii) o envolvimento induzido e promovido nos alunos relativamente à sua aprendizagem matemática; iv) o papel crucial da critical friend na abordagem curricular em foco. A partir dos testes de competências e do questionário acerca do ensino, da avaliação e do modo de estudar dos alunos (QEAME) foi possível identificar os ganhos e o impacte desta abordagem curricular no desenvolvimento dos três tipos de constelações de competências e as percepções dos alunos relativamente à mediação realizada pela professora investigadora relativamente ao ensino, aprendizagem e métodos de estudo, respectivamente; a Listagem Dinâmica de Perguntas permitiu aumentar a consciência acerca dos itens trabalhados em sala de aula. A principal conclusão deste estudo é de que é possível implementar um currículo que desenvolva e favoreça a aquisição e desenvolvimento de competências na Geometria (desde as mais elementares até às de nível superior – nas diferentes constelações de reprodução, de conexão e de reflexão) onde o trabalho colaborativo entre os professores é fundamental na gestão e desenvolvimento curriculares. Como implicações para a investigação educacional em matemática surge a necessidade de se fomentar estudos investigacionais descritivos e holísticos em salas de aulas normais sobre as opções e razões das práticas de ensino, das actividades de aprendizagem e das diferentes formas de avaliação.

A comunicação matemática escrita no 10º ano de escolaridade em contexto de trabalho de grupo

Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino da Matemática, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015

ß-lactamases in the biochemistry and molecular biology laboratory

β-lactamases are hydrolytic enzymes that inactivate the β-lactam ring of antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins. The major diversity of studies carried out until now have mainly focused on the characterization of β-lactamases recovered among clinical isolates of Gram-positive staphylococci and Gram-negative enterobacteria, amongst others. However, only some studies refer to the detection and development of β-lactamases carriers in healthy humans, sick animals, or even in strains isolated from environmental stocks such as food, water, or soils. Considering this, we proposed a 10-week laboratory programme for the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory for majors in the health, environmental, and agronomical sciences. During those weeks, students would be dealing with some basic techniques such as DNA extraction, bacterial transformation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoresis, and the use of several bioinformatics tools. These laboratory exercises would be conducted as a mini research project in which all the classes would be connected with the previous ones. This curriculum was compared in an experiment involving two groups of students from two different majors. The new curriculum, with classes linked together as a mini research project, was taught to a major in Pharmacy and an old curriculum was taught to students from environmental health. The results showed that students who were enrolled in the new curriculum obtained better results in the final exam than the students who were enrolled in the former curriculum. Likewise, these students were found to be more enthusiastic during the laboratory classes than those from the former curriculum.

An after-school literacy program : investigating the experiences of students with literacy difficulties, their volunteer tutors, and the tutors' transition into the teaching profession

This research responds to a pervasive call for our educational institutions to provide students with literacy skills, and teachers with the instructional supports necessary to facilitate this skill acquisition. Questions were posed to gain information concerning the efficacy ofteaching literacy strategies to students with learning difficulties, the impact of this training on their volunteer tutors, and the influence of this experience on these tutors' ensuing instructional practice as teacher candidates in a preservice education program. Study #1 compared a nontreatment group of students with literacy difficulties who participated in the program and found that program participants were superior at reading letter patterns and at comprehending the elements of story grammar. Concurrently, the second study explored the experiences of 19 volunteer tutors and uncovered that they acquired instructional skills as they established a knowledge base in teaching reading and writing, and they affirmed personal goals to become future teachers. Study #3 tracked 6 volunteer tutors into their pre-service year and identified their constructions, and beliefs about literacy instruction. These teacher candidates discussed how they had intended to teach reading and writing strategies based on their position that effective teaching ofthese skills in the primary grades is integral to academic success. The teacher candidates emphasized the need to build rapport with students, and the need to exercise flexibility in lesson plan delivery while including activities to meet emotional and developmental requirements of students. The teacher candidates entered their pre-service education with an initial cognition set based on the limited teaching context of tutoring. This foundational ii perception represented their prior knowledge of literacy instruction, a perception that appeared untenable once they were immersed in a regular instructional setting. This disparity provoked some of the teacher candidates to denounce their teacher mentors for not consistently employing literacy strategies and individualized instruction. This critical perspective could have been a demonstration of cognitive dissonance. In the end, when the teacher candidates began to look toward the future and how they would manage the demands of an inclusive classroom, they recognized the differences in the contexts. With an appreciation for the need for balance between prior and present knowledge, the teacher candidates remained committed to implementing their tutoring strategies in future teaching positions. This document highlights the need for teacher candidates with instructional experience prior to teacher education, to engage in cognitive negotiations to assimilate newly acquired pedagogies into existing pedagogies.

The dual role of students with behavioural problems: an analysis of their experiences as bullies and victims /

The present study examined the bullying experiences of a group of students, age 10-14 years, identified as having behaviour problems. A total often students participated in a series of mixed methodology activities, including self-report questionnaires, story telling exercises, and interview style joumaling. The main research questions were related to the prevalence of bully/victims and the type of bullying experiences in this population. Questionnaires gathered information about their involvement in bullying, as well as about psychological risk factors including normative beliefs about antisocial acts, impulsivity, problem solving, and coping strategies. Journal questions expanded on these themes and allowed students to explain their personal experiences as bullies and victims as well as provide suggestions for intervention. The overall results indicated that all of the ten students in this sample have participated in bullying as both a bully and a victim. This high prevalence of bully/victim involvement in students from behavioural classrooms is in sharp contrast with the general population where the prevalence is about 33%. In addition, a common thread was found that indicated that these students who participated in this study demonstrate characteristics of emotionally dysregulated reactive bullies. Theoretical implication and educational practices are discussed.

Making the transition from secondary to post-secondary education : a retrospective study of students with learning disabilities

The purpose of this study was to investigate what students with Learning Disabilities perceive are the personal characteristics they possess and services they require to assist them to complete secondary school and to continue their education in a postsecondary setting. Twenty-one students (12 female and 9 male) participated in the study which consisted of an interview and completion of a questionnaire. The central findings were as follows: 1) the participants perceived that personal characteristics were important in secondary school and still remain of importance at th~ postsecondary level; 2) Many of the typical accommodations and services supposed to be provided in secondary schools were not provided to the participants in this study; 3) the participants believed that they had more academic than social problems. Recommendations for future research in this field are based on findings related to the transition of LD students from secondary school to postsecondary education.